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近几年食用菌生产在各地蓬勃发展 ,由于广大菇农对食用菌害虫的认识不够 ,忽视对其防治 ,食用菌害虫特别是菇蚊、菇蝇的危害日趋严重 ,轻者影响菇体外观 ,降低商品价值 ,重者导致绝收。我市每年因菇蚊、菇蝇危害导致减产或绝收损失达数十万元之多。对食用菌害虫的防治 ,首先必须考虑到食用菌供人们食用或药用 ,故不能滥用农药 ,笔者经几年的筛选试验 ,找到了防治菇蚊、菇蝇的有效方法及防效显著的新型生物农药“菇虫净”。现将主要的菇蚊、菇蝇的特征特性、发生规律及综合防治措施介绍如下。1 特征、特性及发生规律1.1 菇 蚊 属双翅目昆… 相似文献
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菌丝体、子实体的气味会招引周围的多数害虫，但出菇期不允许喷洒农药，笔者使用了两种诱杀药物，收到良好效果。①菇房周围投放灭蜗佳；菜地用以杀灭蜗牛的药物来诱杀鼻涕虫。用法：环菇房投放，切断鼻涕虫进入棚内的路线；②棚内定点投放灭蝇药；家庭用的灭蝇药对菇蝇、菇蚊等有翅害虫的诱杀效果较好，可定点投放，用时可将瓜果汁水加适量食醋香油润湿药粉，效果更好。 相似文献
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菇房的主要害虫有菌蚊、菇蝇和跳虫等,发生愈来愈为严重,现已成为制约食用菌生产的重要因素,科学工作者都在寻找高效、低毒、低残留的药剂及其施用技术。笔者近年来在这方面试验也做了一些工作,比较了菇房挂DDv棉球,用糖醋液诱杀、水瓶里放黄纸诱杀和喷灭害灵,试验表明,以喷灭害灵效果最好。现将该药在成虫期的使用方法介绍如下: (一)施药原理 试验用的灭害灵为广东精细实业有限公司出品。施用灭害灵的原理,是利用这些食用菌害虫具有趋光、趋白的习性,选择其活动的最佳时期进行喷药防治。 (二)具体方法 根据每天温度的高低,观察成虫 相似文献
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闽菇迟眼蕈蚊、毛蠓、广粪蚊等是北海地区常见的食用菌主要害虫,为了探索它们的发生和危害规律,利用在菇棚悬挂黄板诱杀的手段进行观测,通过一年的试验观测,初步掌握了它们的消长规律,为生产上采取有效的防控措施提供了依据。 相似文献
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危害食用菌的害虫种类很多,已知达百余种,按发生处所可分为两大类。凡发生在食用菌培育阶段食害菌丝及子实体者为菇床害虫;发生在食用菌加工干燥后贮藏阶段食害子实体者为菇库害虫。在人工栽培的食用菌中,以蘑菇和平菇上的害虫种类居多,为害也较重,尤以露地栽培害虫发生更多。在于菇贮藏期的害虫,不但直接食害香菇、木耳、银耳、灵芝、猴头菌、茯苓等于实体,而且排出虫粪污染子实体,散发出恶臭异味,加重干菇霉变,造成严重经济损失。因而食用菌害虫,已成为食用菌生产及贮藏的大敌。 为了统一认识食用菌害虫种类,便于及时开展有效防治,务必有一个准确的对食用菌害虫种类鉴别、科学的对比分析及归纳的方法,也就是对害虫的分类方法。所以分类就是认识食用菌害虫的基本方法,否则就会混淆种名。如“尖眼菌蚊”是一个科、属名,并非种名,常有把几种尖眼菌蚊都笼统称为“眼菌蚊”,还有把尖眼菌蚊科、瘿蚊科,菌蚊科、粪蚊与摇蚊等科的种名都 相似文献
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食用菌废料，堆积于菇房或者菇场附近，人为给菇蚊、菇蝇等害虫提供了良好的孳生繁殖场所，造成食用菌生产虫害难治，病害难防，使菇农大伤脑筋。食用菌废料除了开发家畜饲料之外，还可开发生产生物钾肥。生物钾肥是把经过培养繁殖的钾细菌（又称硅酸盐细菌，在分类学上属... 相似文献
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The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl2 and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water. 相似文献
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AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs. 相似文献
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小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。 相似文献
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Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes. 相似文献
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以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别. 相似文献
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钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量 相似文献