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1.
Summary Using the cultivar Arina as the recurrent parent, six backcrosses were made with two donor lines carrying the leaf rust resistance genes Lr1 and Lr9, respectively. Selection for leaf rust resistance occurred at the seedling stage in the greenhouse; the first plants transferred to the field were BC6F4s. Frequency distribution of the 332 Lr1/7 × Arina and the 335 Lr9/7 × Arina lines showed continuous variation for yellow rust resistance and heading date in these leaf rust near-isogenic lines (NILs). Similar results were also obtained for plant height, for resistance to powdery mildew and glume blotch, as well as for baking quality characters in another set of more advanced NILs. The available information on the behaviour of one of the parents of cultivar Arina led to the conclusion that the expressed yellow rust resistance is quantitative and might possibly be durable. 相似文献
2.
M. R. Costa J. P. M. Tanure K. M. A. Arruda J. E. S. Carneiro M. A. Moreira E. G. Barros 《Euphytica》2010,176(2):149-156
Anthracnose, rust and angular leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Uromyces appendiculatus and Pseudocercospora griseola, respectively, are economically important diseases affecting the common bean production in Brazil. The BIOAGRO/UFV bean breeding
program developed Rudá-R, a dry bean line with ‘carioca’ seed type, containing the following disease resistance genes: Co-4, Co-6 and Co-10 (anthracnose); Ur-ON (rust) and Phg-1 (angular leaf spot). To transfer this combination of disease resistance genes present in Rudá-R to a black-seeded bean, a
backcrossing program aided by molecular markers was conducted, involving Rudá-R (donor genitor) and Diamante Negro (recurrent
genitor). Forty black-seeded BC3F3:6 lines were obtained with combinations of at least three markers linked to the indicated disease resistance genes. The lines
were evaluated for resistance to the three mentioned pathogens. Eight of the lines were homozygous and resistant to all four
evaluated races of C. lindemuthianum, but susceptible to race 2047. Four of the lines were homozygous and resistant to two races of U. appendiculatus. Twenty of the lines were homozygous and resistant to the two races of P. griseola tested. Grain yield of the BC3F3:6 lines was evaluated during the ‘winter’ season of 2006 and the ‘dry’ season of 2007. All lines had statistically equal or
higher yields than Rudá-R and Diamante Negro. Lines were identified that not only were high yielding but also resistant to
the three pathogens tested. These lines are potential genotypes for further testing and for release as new black common bean
varieties. 相似文献
3.
Kuljit Kaur Cheema Navtej S. Bains Gurjit S. Mangat Aparna Das Yogesh Vikal Darshan S. Brar Gurdev S. Khush Kuldeep Singh 《Euphytica》2008,160(3):401-409
Modern rice varieties that ushered in the green revolution brought about dramatic increase in rice production worldwide but
at the cost of genetic diversity at the farmers’ fields. The wild species germplasm can be used for broadening the genetic
base and improving productivity. Mining of alleles at productivity QTL from related wild species under simultaneous backcrossing
and evaluation, accompanied by molecular marker analysis has emerged as an effective plant breeding strategy for utilization
of wild species germplasm. In the present study, a limited backcross strategy was used to introgress QTL associated with yield
and yield components from Oryza rufipogon (acc. IRGC 105491) to cultivated rice, O. sativa cv IR64. A set of 12 BC2F6 progenies, selected from among more than 100 BC2F5 progenies were evaluated for yield and yield components. For plant height, days to 50% flowering and tillers/plant, the introgression
lines did not show any significant change compared to the recurrent parent IR64. For yield, 9 of the 12 introgression lines
showed significantly higher yield (19–38%) than the recurrent parent IR64. Four of these lines originating from a common lineage
showed higher yield due to increase in grain weight and another three also from a common lineage showed yield increase due
to increase in grain number per panicle. For analyzing the introgression at molecular level all the 12 lines were analyzed
for 259 polymorphic SSR markers. Of the total 259 SSR markers analyzed, only 18 (7.0%) showed introgression from O. rufipogon for chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 11. Graphical genotypes have been prepared for each line and association between the introgression
regions and the traits that increased yield is reported. Based on marker trait association it appears that some of the QTL
are stable across the environments and genetic backgrounds and can be exploited universally. 相似文献
4.
Summary Three triticale lines, Siskiyou, M2A-Beagle, and OK 77842 have been reported to possess resistance to bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas campestris, pv. translucens (Xct.). The three resistant lines were crossed to susceptible lines and crossed with each other. F2, BC1-F1, BC2-F1 plants were inoculated with a mixture of two Xct strains. The segregation data indicate the presence of a single dominant gene in each of the three resistant lines to bacterial leaf streak. These three genes are either the same or closely linked herein designated as Xct1. 相似文献
5.
Summary This study was undertaken to determine whether the Are gene controlling anthracnose resistance had an adverse effect on maturity and yield because backcross-derived cultivars/lines had numerically lower yield and later maturity than the respective recurrent parent. Three pairs of common bean lines near-isogenic for theAre gene were developed fromAre are F2 plants of the sixth backcross of Seafarer, Fleetwood, and Ex Rico 23. The near-isogenic lines were tested along with the recurrent cultivars and backcross-derived cultivars/lines. The results showed no evidence of any adverse effect of theAre gene on the agronomic characteristics in 11 trails at 5 locations in 3 years. 相似文献
6.
Summary Two RAPD markers linked to gene for resistance (assayed as pustule number cm−2 leaf area) to rust [Uromyces fabae (Pers.) de Bary] in pea (Pisum sativum L.) were identified using a mapping population of 31 BC1F1 [HUVP 1 (HUVP 1 × FC 1] plants, FC 1 being the resistant parent. The analysis of genetics of rust resistance was based on
the parents, F1, F2, BC1F1 and BC1F2 generations. Rust resistance in pea is of non-hypersensitive type; it appeared to be governed by a single partially dominant
gene for which symbol Ruf is proposed. Further, this trait seems to be affected by some polygenes in addition to the proposed oligogene Ruf. A total of 614 decamer primers were used to survey the parental polymorphism with regard to DNA amplification by polymerase
chain reaction. The primers that amplified polymorphic bands present in the resistant parent (FC 1) were used for bulked segregant
analysis. Those markers that amplified consistently and differentially in the resistant and susceptible bulks were separately
tested with the 31 BC1F1 individuals. Two RAPD makers, viz., SC10-82360 (primer, GCCGTGAAGT), and SCRI-711000 (primer, GTGGCGTAGT), flanking the rust resistance gene (Ruf) with a distance of 10.8 cM (0.097 rF and LOD of 5.05) and 24.5 cM (0.194 rF and a LOD of 2.72), respectively, were identified.
These RAPD markers were not close enough to Ruf to allow a dependable maker-assisted selection for rust resistance. However, if the two makers flanking Ruf were used together, the effectiveness of MAS would be improved considerably. 相似文献
7.
Summary Resistance to fusarium wilt, incited by Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht.) f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder & Hansen race 3 in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was discovered in LA 716, a L. pennellii accession. A resistant BC1F3 breeding line, E427, was developed from LA 716. E427 was crossed with the susceptible cv. Suncoast and F1, BCP1, BCP2 (to Fla 7155, a susceptible parent) F2, F3, and BCP2S1 seeds were obtained. Segregation for resistance following root dip inoculation over three experiments indicated a single dominant gene controlled resistance. Five of the 12 BCP1S1's segregated more susceptible plants, whereas one of the 12 segregated more resistant plants than expected (P<0.05). Three of 23 F3 lines segregated more susceptible plants than expected while 1 of the 23 had more resistant plants than expected (P<0.05). Segregation in all other lines fit expected ratios. Five of the 23 F3's were homozygous resistant which was an acceptable fit to expectations (P=0.1–0.5). The gene symbol I
3 is proposed for resistance to race 3 of the wilt pathogen. Deviations from expected ratios in data reported here and for other breeding lines indicate an effect of modifier genes and/or incomplete penetrance. Plant age at inoculation and seed dormancy did not affect results.Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 8101. 相似文献
8.
Intergeneric crosses for the transfer of resistance to the beet cyst nematode from Raphanus sativus to Brassica napus 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Summary The possibilities to transfer important traits and in particular resistance to the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii, abbrev. BCN) from Raphanus sativus to Brassica napus were investigated. For these studies B. napus, R. sativus, the bridging hybrid ×Brassicoraphanus (Raparadish) as well as offspring of the cross ×Brassicoraphanus (Raparadish) ×B. napus were used. Reciprocal crosses between B. napus and R. sativus were unsuccessful, also with the use of embryo rescue. Crosses between ×Brassicoraphanus as female parent and B. napus resulted in a large number of F1 hybrids, whereas the reciprocal cross yielded mainly matromorphic plants. BC1, BC2 and BC3 plants were obtained from backcrosses with B. napus, which was used as the male parent. F1 hybrids and BC plants showed a large variation for morphology and male and female fertility. Cuttings of some F1 and BC1 plants, obtained from crosses involving resistant plants of ×Brassicoraphanus, were found to possess a level of resistance similar to that of the resistant parent. These results and indications for meiotic pairing between chromosomes of genome R with those of the genomes A and/or C suggest that introgression of the BCN-resistance of Raphanus into B. napus may be achieved. 相似文献
9.
Ernest D. P. Whelan 《Euphytica》1979,28(2):297-308
Summary Interspecific substitutions of the nucleus of Helianthus annuus (2n=34) into the cytoplasm of H. petiolaris (2n=34) were obtained by successive backcrossing using cultivated sunflower, H. annuus, as the recurrent pollen parent.Meiosis in the F1 was characterized by multivalents, suggesting that 10 of the 34 chromosomes were heterozygous for chromosomal interchanges. An additional pair of chromosomes also contained a paracentric inversion. Continued backcrossing resulted in rapid elimination of the meiotic aberrations evident in the F1. In the BC1, 1 of 11 plants had normal meiosis and by the BC2, only 13 of 54 plants had meiotic aberrations similar to those of the F1. However, trisomic progeny (2n=35) were found in 3 of the 11 BC1 plants and 20 of the 54 BC2 plants. No meiotic aberrations were observed in BC3 or BC4 plants. Plants with indehiscent anthers, and considered to be male sterile (M.S.), first occurred in the BC1 and, by the BC2, 51 of 54 plants were M.S. All 19 BC3 and 16 BC4 plants were M.S. Preliminary investigations suggest that the pollen from such plants is sterile and that the sterility is cytoplasmic rather than genetic.Disc-flower measurements were a useful technique for selecting samples at the correct stage of microsporogenesis, but could not be used to distinguish between successive backcrosses. 相似文献
10.
Summary Fifty-four land races of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), indigenous to areas of Brazil where anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) is a common problem, were evaluated in field nurseries for partial resistance to race Brazilian 1 (B1) of C. lindemuthianum using symptom severity classes (SSC) from 0 to 6. Plants were selected if symptoms were present and the SSC was less than the 95% confidence interval of the mean SSC of the susceptible cultivar Carioca. S1 progeny from selected plants were evaluated in air-conditioned chambers for partial resistance to races B1, delta, and kappa of C. lindemuthianum. Of 246 S1 families evaluated, 145 families were partially resistant to one or two of the races [symptoms present, but S1 family mean significantly (p<0.05) less than the mean of Carioca] and susceptible to the third. Six families were partially resistant to all three races. The remaining families were either susceptible or segregated for reaction to race B1. Partial resistance to C. lindemuthianum showed race specificity in the air-conditioned chambers and field nurseries. 相似文献
11.
Summary Accessions of Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum, the wild progenitor of barley, collected in Israel (70), Iran (15) and Turkey (6) were screened for seedling response to four isolates of Rhynchosporium secalis, the pathogen causing leaf scald in barley. Resistance was very common in the collection (77%) particularly among accessions from the more mesic sites (90%). The genetics of this resistance were investigated in fifteen backcross (BC3) lines that contained an isozyme variant from H.v. ssp. spontaneum in a H.v. ssp. vulgare (cv. Clipper) background and were resistant to scald. Segregation in the BC3F2 families conformed with a single dominant resistance gene in 9 of the 15 lines. Scald resistance and the isozyme marker were closely linked in three of the BC3-lines, loosely linked in four and unlinked in the remaining eight. Scald resistance genes were identified on barley chromosomes 1, 3, 4 and 6. Crosses between several of the scald resistant BC-lines together with the linkage data indicated that at least five genetically independent resistances are available for combining together for deployment in barley. The linkage of scald resistance in several BC3-lines to the isozyme locus Acp2 is of special interest as this locus is highly polymorphic in wild barley. 相似文献
12.
Summary over 13000 CIAT bean accessions were evaluated for their reactions to the anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and angular leaf spot (Isariopsis griseola) pathogens over a 3 yr period. Among these accessions, 156 were resistant to all races of the anthracnose pathogen collected from Popayán, Colombia. Thirty were resistant to numerous races obtained from other parts of the world, including Europe. Although many of these new resistant sources originated in Mexico and Central America, they are quite diverse for geographic origin, plant type, seed color and seed size. In addition, more than 50 of the 156 lines were also resistant to isolates of I. griseola with diverse sources of origin throughout Colombia. 相似文献
13.
Summary Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] backcross populations containing 3 to 50% wild germplasm were evaluated in south central India for grain yield and nine related traits. No individual BC0F2- to BC2F2-derived lines were high transgressive segregates for grain yield. Only 1.5% of all BC3F2- or BC4F2-derived lines were transgressive segragates, with 26% higher mean grain yield than their respective recurrent parents. The ten highest-yielding BC2F2- to BC4F2-derived lines per mating having parent CK60B yielded an average of 14% more than CK60B, which was, at the 5% level, a statistically significant difference. However, the increased yield was associated with increased plant height. The highest-yilding lines from RS/R/A2725 x virgatum and RS/R/A2725 x verticilliflorum were an average of 13.5% higher-yielding than RS/R/A2725 (a significant difference) and were equal in plant height. Selection increased BC2 mean grain yields by 6 to 27%. Population mean yield, mean yield of selected lines, and frequency of high-yielding lines were highest in the BC4.Journal paper no. 380, ICRISAT, Patancheru, India; Journal paper no. J-11114, Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, USA. 相似文献
14.
Summary Resistance to septoria nodorum blotch in Triticum monococcum, T. tauschii, T. timopheevii, T. dicoccum and T. durum was evaluated on plants at the three-leaf stage in greenhouse tests. A high frequency of resistant genotypes was found in T. monococcum, T. tauschii and T. timopheevii, but not in T. dicoccum and T. durum. The resistance of F1 plants of crosses of resistant T. monococcum (PI 289599) and T. timopheevii (PI 290518) accessions with susceptible common wheat cv. Park and durum wheat cv. Wakooma, respectively, was evaluated on the basis of percentage leaf necrosis, lesion number, lesion size and incubation period. No dominance was found for long incubation period, but various dominance relationships occurred for low percentage leaf necrosis, low lesion number and small lesion size, depending on the cross. Multiple regression analysis showed that lesion number contributed more to percentage leaf necrosis than lesion size or incubation period. Resistance to septoria nodorum blotch was transferred successfully from T. timopheevii to cultivated durum wheat. Resistant BC1F7 lines, recovered from the T. timopheevii (PI 290518) × Wakooma cross, showed normal chromosome behaviour at meiosis (14 bivalents) and were self-fertile. However, an effective level of resistance was not recovered in lines derived from the other interspecific crosses. 相似文献
15.
Two transgenic Bt rice lines, KMD1 and KMD2, both containing a synthetic cry1Ab gene from Bt, were crossed with conventional rice varieties. The inheritance of resistance to SSB of KMD1 and KMD2was investigated
through LSB and field examination of their progenies, e.g. F1, BC1 and F2 populations. In LSBs, 100.0% of newly hatched SSB larvae died on the second day after feeding on leaf tissues of F1 and GUS positive BC1 plants, of which the area of leaf tissues consumed by SSB is also similar to that of transgenic parents. These results imply
that the resistance of Bt rice to SSB is dominantly controlled and could be easily exploited in hybrid rice production. Field
evaluation showed that segregation ratios for SSB resistance to susceptibility in BC1 populations fit the ratio of 1:1, which was also confirmed by LSBs. However, in F2 populations, the ratio was significantly smaller than 3:1 for resistant to susceptible plants in all 6 indica × japonica
(KMD1 and KMD2) crosses, though it fitted 3:1 in all 4 japonica × japonica crosses. The results implied that the resistance
of Bt rice to SSB was controlled by a dominant gene which was present in a homozygous condition in both KMD1 and KMD2, but
the inheritance could be affected by other factors. Assays for Cry1Ab protein showed that, in most crosses, the content of
Cry1Ab is significantly higher in leaves of GUS positive F1, BC1 and F2 plants than that in transgenic Bt parent plants, which accounts for the high resistance observed in these plants to SSB.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
In this study, we characterized the genetic resistance of the Andean bean cultivars Kaboon and Perry Marrow and their relation
to other sources of anthracnose resistance in common bean. Based on the segregation ratio (3R:1S) observed in two F2 populations we demonstrated that Kaboon carries one major dominant gene conferring resistance to races 7 and 73 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. This gene in Kaboon is independent from the Co-2 gene and is an allele of the Co-1 gene present in Michigan Dark Red Kidney (MDRK) cultivar. Therefore, we propose the symbol CO-1
2 for the major dominant gene in Kaboon. The Co-1 is the only gene of Andean origin among the Co anthracnose resistance genes characterized in common bean. When inoculated with the less virulent Andean race 5, the segregation
ratio in the F2 progeny of Cardinal and Kaboon was 57R:7S (p = 0.38). These data indicate that Kaboon must possess other weaker dominant resistance genes with a complementary mode of
action, since Cardinal is not known to possess genes for anthracnose resistance. Perry Marrow, a second Andean cultivar with
resistance to a different group of races, was shown to possess another resistant allele at the Co-1 locus and the gene symbol Co-1
3 was assigned. In R × R crosses between Perry Marrow and MDRK or Kaboon, no susceptible F2 plants were found when inoculated with race 73. These findings support the presence of a multiple allelic series at the Andean
Co-1 locus, and have major implications in breeding for durable anthracnose resistance in common bean.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
B. Tar'an L. Buchwaldt A. Tullu S. Banniza T.D. Warkentin A. Vandenberg 《Euphytica》2003,134(2):223-230
Ascochyta blight caused by the fungus Ascochyta lentis Vassilievsky and anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum [(Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore] are the most destructive diseases of lentil in Canada. The diseases reduce both seed yield
and seed quality. Previous studies demonstrated that two genes, ral1 and AbR1, confer resistance toA. lentis and a major gene controls the resistance to 95B36 isolate of C. truncatum. Molecular markers linked to each gene have been identified. The current study was conducted to pyramid the two genes for
resistance to ascochyta blight and the gene for resistance to anthracnose into lentil breeding lines. A population (F6:7) consisting of 156 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from across between ‘CDC Robin’ and a breeding line ‘964a-46’.
The RILs were screened for reaction to two isolates (A1 and 3D2) ofA. lentis and one isolate (95B36) ofC. truncatum. χ2 analysis of disease reactions demonstrated that the observed segregation ratios of resistant versus susceptible fit the two
gene model for resistance to ascochyta blight and a single gene model for resistance to anthracnose. Using markers linked
to ral1 (UBC 2271290), to AbR1(RB18680) and to the major gene for resistance to anthracnose (OPO61250),respectively, we confirmed that 11 RILs retained all the three resistance genes. More than 82% of the lines that had either
or both RB18680 and UBC2271290markers were resistant to 3D2 isolate and had a mean disease score lower than 2.5. By contrast, 80% of the lines that had
none of the RAPD markers were susceptible and had a mean disease score of 5.8. For the case of A1 isolate of A. lentis, more than 74% of the lines that carriedUBC2271290 were resistant, whereas more than 79% of the lines that do not have the marker were susceptible. The analysis of the RILs
usingOPO61250 marker demonstrated that 11out of 72 resistant lines carried the marker, whereas 66 out of 84 susceptible lines had the marker
present. Therefore, selecting materials with both markers for resistance to ascochyta blight and a marker for resistance to
anthracnose can clearly make progress toward resistance in the population.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
An interspecific cross was made to transfer leaf rust and stripe rust resistance from an accession of Aegilops ovata (UUMM) to susceptible Triticum aestivum (AABBDD) cv. WL711. The F1was backcrossed to the recurrent wheat parent, and after two to three backcrosses and selfing, rust resistant progenies were
selected. The C-banding study in a uniformly leaf rust and stripe rust resistant derivative showed a substitution of the 5M
chromosome of Ae. ovata for 5D of wheat. Analysis of rust resistant derivatives with mapped wheat microsatellite makers confirmed the substitution
of 5M for 5D. Some of these derivatives also possessed one or more of the three alien translocations involving 1BL, 2AL and
5BS wheat chromosomes which could not be detected through C-banding. A translocation involving 5DSof wheat and the substituted
chromosome 5M of Ae. ovata was also observed in one of the derivatives. Susceptibility of this derivative to leaf rust showed that the leaf rust resistance
gene(s) is/are located on short arm of 5M chromosome of Ae. ovata. Though the Ae. ovatasegment translocated to 1BL and 2AL did not seem to possess any rust resistance gene, the alien segment translocated to 5BS
may also possess gene(s) for rust resistance. The study demonstrated the usefulness of microsatellite markers in characterisation
of interspecific derivatives.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Ernest D. P. Whelan 《Euphytica》1980,29(1):33-46
Summary Interspecific substitutions of the nucleus of Helianthus annuus (2n=34) cv. Saturn into the cytoplasm of H. petiolaris (2n=34) by successive backcrossing, resulted in progenies with indehiscent anthers containing white, rather than normal yellow, pollen. Further backcrossing by cv. Saturn failed to restore pollen shed, suggesting that the male sterility was cytoplasmic. In vivo germination tests of pollen from 23 such plants from eight BC5 lines, indicated complete pollen sterility for 14 plants, but normal seed set, suggesting that female fertility was not affected. Meiosis in all plants examined was normal.Crosses between seven sources of pollen-fertility restorer, one collection of wild H. annuus, and an existing source of cytoplasmic male sterility, resulted in a high frequency of plants with normal pollen shed in all F1 progenies. However, no normal pollen shed was evident in F1 progenies for similar crosses between BC5 male-steriles and three of the seven restorer sources, nor for the single wild H. annuus evaluated. The foregoing suggests that the backcross substitution lines are a new source of cytoplasmic male sterility. The inheritance of restoration of pollen shed was complex and not fully elucidated. Some data suggested that two independent, complementary, dominant genes were required, but others indicated two to three independent, dominant genes. 相似文献
20.
Downy mildew, incited by Peronospora parasitica (Pers.: Fr.) Fr., is a destructive disease of broccoli (Brassica oleraceaL., Italica Group). Resistant cultivars represent a desirable control method to provide a practical, environmentally benign,
and long-term means of limiting damage from this disease. Doubled-haploid (DH) lines developed by us exhibit a high level
of downy mildew resistance at the cotyledon stage. To determine the mode of inheritance for this resistance, a resistant DH
line was crossed to a susceptible DH line to make an F1, from which F2 and backcross (BC) populations were developed. All populations were evaluated for response to artificial inoculation with
P. parasitica at the cotyledon stage. All F1 plants (including reciprocals) were as resistant as the resistant parent, indicating no maternal effect for this trait. F2 populations segregated approximately 3resistant to 1 susceptible, BC populations using the resistant parent as the recurrent
parent contained all resistant plants, and the BC to the susceptible parent segregated 1 resistant to 1 susceptible. These
results indicate that resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene. This gene should be easily incorporated into F1 hybrids and used commercially to prevent downy mildew at the cotyledon stage.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献