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1.
Heathcliffe Riday 《Euphytica》2009,170(3):339-345
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) forage yield remains a prime breeding target for improved variety development. In a world of decreasing forage legume
breeding resources, rapidly and cheaply phenotyping plants for the highly quantitative trait of forage yield is vital. Many
red clover selection programs are based on space planted nurseries. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the
accuracy of visual forage yield scores in predicting actual forage yield; (2) the nature of the relationship between visual
scores and actual measurements; and (3) The repeatability of visual scores between different evaluators. Twenty-seven halfsib
families were transplanted at two locations in three replicates of six plant plots. Individual plant fresh weights and visual
scores, by two evaluators, for forage yield were taken. On an individual plant basis visual forage yield scores showed an
exponential relationship with actual fresh weights. Individual plant visual scores were very accurate with a pseudo-R
2 of 0.79 observed for the exponential model. On an entry mean basis using a linear model, visual scores could explain 90%
of the variation of actual fresh weights. Agreement among evaluators scoring the same plants was very high with coefficients
of determination at 0.84 for individual plants and as high as 0.96 on an entry mean basis. This study suggests that visual
scores of plants in space planted red clover breeding nurseries are basically as accurate as measuring actual yields and that
plants can be consistently scored the same by different evaluators. 相似文献
2.
3.
G. Y. S. Neves R. Marchiosi M. L. L. Ferrarese R. C. Siqueira‐Soares O. Ferrarese‐Filho 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2010,196(6):467-473
Salt stress was evaluated on root growth, enzyme activities (phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase or PAL and soluble plus cell wall‐bound peroxidase or POD), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, total phenolic content and lignin content and composition in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) roots. Three‐day‐old seedlings were cultivated in half‐strength Hoagland’s solution (pH 6.0), with or without addition of 50–200 mm of NaCl, into a growth chamber (25 °C, 12/12 h light/dark photoperiod, irradiance of 280 μmol m?2 s?1) for 24 h. In general, root length and fresh and dry weights decreased after NaCl treatment. PAL activity decreased, soluble and cell wall‐bound POD activities increased, and H2O2 content significantly decreased after NaCl exposure. Consequently, total phenolic and lignin contents and p‐hydroxyphenyl (H) and syringyl (S) monomers of lignin increased in NaCl‐treated roots. Altogether, these results suggest that the effects caused by NaCl may be owing to the enhanced lignin production that solidifies the cell wall and restricts root growth. 相似文献
4.
酸性土壤中的铝毒害是限制作物生长和产量的主要因素之一。拟南芥中的At STOP1(Arabidopsis thaliana sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity 1)是一个调控多种铝毒耐受机制相关基因表达的转录因子,在拟南芥耐铝毒中发挥重要作用。为研究大豆中STOP1-like基因的表达特性,本研究利用RT-PCR从耐铝毒大豆品种科丰1号中克隆了一个位于第16染色体的STOP1-like基因,命名为Gm STOP1。该基因的编码区(coding DNA sequence,CDS)序列长度为1566 bp,编码521个氨基酸。在Gm STOP1起始密码子上游1500 bp的核苷酸序列区间预测到多种顺式作用元件,包括与激素、热、逆境响应等相关的应答元件,如ABRE、HSE、TC-rich重复序列等。蛋白质结构预测表明Gm STOP1不具有跨膜结构和信号肽,含有4个保守的Cys-2-His-2锌指蛋白结构域。系统进化分析显示Gm STOP1与菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)中的STOP1-like蛋白亲缘关系较近。亚细胞定位结果显示Gm STOP1定位于细胞核,说明Gm STOP1蛋白可能在细胞核中发挥其功能。Gm STOP1基因在种子中的相对表达量最高,在根、茎尖分生组织、茎、叶、花、荚等多种组织中也均有表达。用25μmol L–1 Al Cl3溶液处理大豆幼苗,Gm STOP1基因在根中上调表达,24 h达到最高相对表达量,约为对照(0μmol L–1 Al Cl3)的9.2倍,表明该基因的表达受铝离子的诱导。此外,ABA、Na Cl和PEG等胁迫也能诱导大豆根和叶中Gm STOP1基因的上调表达。由此推测Gm STOP1基因可能参与大豆对铝毒、高盐和渗透等非生物胁迫的应答过程。 相似文献
5.
Soil nitrogen (N) dynamics can be modified by cover crops in rotations with cereals. Although, roots are a major source of N, little is known about the dynamics of root decomposition of cash and cover crops. The objective of this study was to assess the effects that cover crop species have on i) the decomposition of spring wheat roots during the growth of cover crops, and ii) the decomposition of cover crop roots during the growing season of spring wheat. The experiment aimed also at comparing three non-winter hardy cover crops of varying shoot C/N ratios under low and high N input levels of 6 and 12 g N m−2 y−1, respectively. The experiment included spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as the main crop and non-winter hardy cover crops (yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.), phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as well as bare soil fallow treatment. Minirhizotrons were used to non-destructively assess the spatial and temporal patterns of root growth and decomposition from 0.10 to 1.00 m. Simultaneously, we grew all crops in soil columns to measure destructively C and N content in the roots. We concluded that wheat root decomposition was not affected by cover crop species. In contrast, during the growing season of wheat root decomposition of yellow mustard was on average twice as high for phacelia and sunflower as a consequence of a higher production of roots with a significantly higher C/N ratio compared to the other cover crops. 相似文献
6.
Reza Faramarzi Hafez Zeynab Shahabzadeh Bahram Heidari Morteza Ghadimzadeh 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2013,16(4):291-296
As a medicinal plant, the importance of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) is due to its unsaturated fatty acids in the seeds and roots, and also oenotherine and comfarol in the leaves. Low germination and difficulties in seed production are the main problems encountered with growing this plant in the field. As an alternative approach, an in vitro experiment was set up for the evaluation of evening primrose production via direct and indirect regeneration of the cultivars NC-1 and VNK. For callogenesis and direct regeneration, the explants from the apical bud and petiole were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.25, 0.75, and 1.25 mg L?1 of both BAP and Kinetin (KIN). Indirect regeneration was performed by placing apical buds, petioles, and leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 and 1 mg L?1 2,4-D and 0.5, 1, and 1.25 mg L?1 of both BAP and KIN. The highest shoot induction from direct regeneration was obtained with apical bud explants of VNK treated with 0.75 mg L?1 BAP. The highest callus weight (3.17 g) obtained from indirect regeneration was with petiole explants treated with 1 mg L?1 2, 4-D and 1 mg L?1 BAP in VNK cultivars. The highest number of torpedo embryogenic clusters (23.8) was obtained from the VNK petiole explants treated with 0.5 mg L?1 2, 4-D and 1.25 mg L?1 BAP. BAP had higher positive effects on in vitro production of evening primrose than KIN in both direct and indirect regeneration. In general, results indicated that VNK was more potent for regeneration than NC-1 and concentrations of 0.75 mg L?1 BAP for direct and 0.5 mg L?1 2, 4-D and 1.25 mg L?1of BAP for indirect regeneration had a higher efficiency for increasing in vitro production of evening primrose. 相似文献
7.
In the present study, attempt was made to compare agar with gum karaya as gelling agent in micropropagation of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.). Initially nodal segments were cultured on agar-gel MS medium containing benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (KN), zeatin (ZN) (1.0–2.5 mg L?1) and malt extract (200–1,200 mg L?1) to standardize the medium. Maximum shoot regeneration (66.66%) was observed with KN 2 mg L?1 with an average shoot length of 0.73 cm. Gum karaya and agar was then evaluated at different concentration and combinations in same medium. The shoot regeneration response on media gelled with 30 g L?1 gum karaya was 62.49% with an average shoot length of 0.80 cm. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium gelled with agar and supplemented with different concentrations (0.5–2.5 mg L?1) of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Maximum response (52.77 %) was observed with IBA 2.0 mg L?1 with an average number of 2.58 roots/shoot. A maximum of 53.47% cultures showed root regeneration with an average number of 2.91 roots/shoot in 30 g L?1 gum karaya-gel medium. Texture measurements revealed that firmness of gum karaya-gel medium was nowhere near to that of agar. However, in their capability of supporting growth and differentiation of explants they are equal to agar medium. Gum karaya forms less adhesive and gummy medium as compared to agar. This study indicates that gum karaya can be used as gelling agent in place of agar. 相似文献
8.
Jin-jie Sun Ying Guo Gui-zhi Zhang Ming-gang Gao Guo-hua Zhang Fan-mei Kong Yan Zhao Si-shen Li 《Euphytica》2013,191(3):317-331
The uptake and utilization of nitrogen (N) by plants are affected by the different forms of N in the soil. In this study, eight morphological traits at the seedling stage were investigated using a set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Three hydroponic culture experiments were conducted using three different NO3 ?/NH4 + ratios (T1 at 50/50 %, T2 at 100/0 % and T3 at 0/100 %). The investigated traits in T2 and T1 were significantly higher than T3 in all three experiments, indicating that NO3 ? promoted or NH4 + suppressed the production of biomass. Comparing T1 with T2, NO3 ? significantly increased the values of root fresh weight (RFW), total fresh weight (TFW) and root dry weight (RDW) and significantly decreased shoot dry weight (SDW). A total of 147 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the eight traits were detected on 18 chromosomes (except 2A, 3D and 4D). Among them, 16 QTLs (QRfw-1A, QRfw-1D, QSfw-1D, QSfw-2B.1, QTfw-1A, QTfw-1D, QRsfw-2B, QRsfw-3B.1, QRdw-1A.1, QRdw-1A.2, QSdw-6B.1, QSdw-7A.1, QTdw-1A.1, QRsdw-1A.1, QRsdw-5A.1 and QRsdw-7A.1) were detected in more than three of the nine treatment–experiments, and most of the 16 QTLs made large contributions of approximately 15 %. Surprisingly, QRsfw-4A.1 and QRsfw-4A.2 explained as much as 47.9 and 55.5 % of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Thirteen important QTL clusters (C1-C13) with more than four QTLs and involving 66 QTLs (44.9 %) were mapped on chromosomes 1A, 1D, 2B, 2D, 4A, 4B, 5B, 5D, 6B, 7A and 7B. 相似文献
9.
为快速获取大田油菜长势监测信息,针对不同栽种方式和施肥水平对油菜叶片生长的影响,建立单株油菜叶面积和叶鲜重估计模型。分别于2013—2015年的2个油菜种植季,设置不同施肥水平下直播和移栽油菜试验小区。在油菜叶片形态差异最大的六叶期和蕾薹期,测量样株所有叶片的长、宽、面积和鲜重,采用方差分析对比栽种方式和施肥水平对油菜叶片生长的影响,运用麦夸特法+通用全局优化法建立叶面积和叶鲜重的长宽估计模型。在不同施肥水平和栽种方式下,2个生长期的油菜叶面积和叶鲜重与叶宽关系均比叶长更明显;相同条件下蕾薹期油菜叶片变异程度比六叶期要大,2个时期不同施氮水平、栽种方式下油菜叶面积、叶鲜重差异均达到极显著水平,但两者对叶片的交互作用未达到显著水平。叶宽线性模型估算叶面积和叶鲜重的预测R2为0.89、0.84,RMSEP为32.40 cm2、2.54 g,长宽幂函数模型与常规的长宽线性模型相比,叶面积和叶鲜重的预测R2为0.97、0.94,RMSEP为 12.92 cm2、0.86 g。不同生长条件下,叶宽线性模型可用于快速获取油菜单片叶面积和叶鲜重,长宽幂函数模型受施肥水平、栽种方式、叶形、生长期等因素影响较小,适用于精确估计单株油菜叶面积和叶鲜重。 相似文献
10.
Treating grains and roots of wheat seedlings with supernatants of different aged cultures of Streptomyces atroolivaceus stimulated plant growth. The treatment resulted in increased shoot elongation, shoot fresh and dry weights, and root fresh and dry weights but suppressed the depth of the root system. The supernatants resulted in increased shoot DNA but not root DNA. Shoot and root contents of RNA and protein were also enhanced. Effects probably caused by activity of plant growth regulators. 相似文献
11.
玉米和大豆光合有效辐射吸收比例与植被指数和叶面积指数的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于东北典型黑土区的玉米和大豆的实测光谱反射率、光合有效辐射及叶面积数据,选取常用的9种植被指数,并根据光谱曲线特征和植被指数结构建立了两种新的植被指数,对其估算玉米和大豆冠层FPAR效果进行了对比分析。结果表明,各植被指数与冠层光合有效辐射吸收比例(FPAR)的关系因植被类型而异。以近、短波红外波段较以可见光、近红外波段计算植被指数的估算效果好。NDVI、RVI在可见光、近红外波段计算的植被指数中估算FPAR效果较好,玉米估算模型R2分别为0.81和0.82,大豆估算模型R2均为0.81;NDSI、RSI在近、短波红外波段计算的植被指数中较好,玉米估算模型R2均为0.86,大豆估算模型R2均为0.84,优于NDVI和RVI。试验表明,利用近、短波红外波段估算FPAR是可行的;冠层含水量较土壤背景对FPAR影响更大;玉米和大豆冠层FPAR与叶面积指数(LAI)呈较好的对数关系,估算模型R2分别为0.75和0.70;但用植被指数估算FPAR效果要优于用叶面积指数。 相似文献
12.
针对生物性状与产量的关系问题,研究了在八大类函数关系下,按照拟合优度、误差均方根、误差平方和等指标,选取最优的生物性状与产量的关系。结果表明,株高与大豆产量的函数关系为Fourier1,检验结果拟合优度、误差均方根和误差平方和分别为0.9228、6.836和93.45。叶面积指数与大豆产量的函数关系为Poly4,检验结果拟合优度、误差均方根和误差平方和分别为0.7362、71.87和319.2。试验结果表明当株高在46~50 cm范围内,产量关系先高后低,在大于51 cm范围,产量均很低。叶面积指数与大豆产量的关系成抛物线右侧状,随着大豆叶面积指数的增大,大豆产量先增加后降低。 相似文献
13.
陆地棉苗期耐盐性的高效鉴定方法 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用2个耐盐和2个盐敏感的陆地棉品种,分别设置对照和4% (40 g L–1)浓度NaCl溶液处理三叶期幼苗,处理72 h后调查盐害指数,测定地上部分鲜重、根鲜重、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素荧光参数、相对电导率、丙二醛含量、抗氧化酶类活性等13个与耐盐性相关的重要指标。利用灰色关联聚类、主成分分析和逐步回归等方法综合评价陆地棉苗期耐盐性,认为最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)可以作为鉴定陆地棉苗期耐盐性的关键指标,构建耐盐指数(y)方程y = 1.943x – 0.882,(x = 最大光化学效率),同时结合另外2个耐盐和2个盐敏感品种所得方程y值对耐盐等级进行划分。进一步利用23个已知耐盐性的品种检验方程,计算结果与田间鉴定结果完全一致。因此选用最大光化学效率作为唯一指标鉴定陆地棉苗期耐盐性,高效准确,同时通过构建方程和划分耐盐等级,为未来大规模陆地棉品种资源耐盐性鉴定提供技术标准和研究基础。 相似文献
14.
Dong-Min Kim Hong-Guang Ju Taeg-Ryun Kwon Chang-Sik Oh Sang-Nag Ahn 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2009,12(3):121-128
QTL analysis of physiological traits related to salt tolerance was carried out using 117 BC3F5 lines derived from a cross between “Ilpumbyeo” as a recurrent parent and “Moroberekan” as a donor parent. The 117 introgression
lines with the parents were evaluated for five traits; dry weight, fresh weight, leaf area, seedling height, and survival
rate under control and salinity conditions (55 mM) at the seedling stage. To identify QTLs related to salt tolerance, 125
SSR markers showing polymorphisms between the parents were genotyped for the 117 BC3F5 lines. A total of eight QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 6, and 7. These include two QTLs on chromosomes 6 and 7 for
reduction rate of dry weight (R2 = 10.2∼13.6%), three QTLs on chromosomes 1, 6, and 7 for reduction rate of fresh weight (R2 = 10.9∼13.9 %), two QTLs on chromosomes 1 and 7 for reduction rate of leaf area (R2 = 12.1%), and one QTL on chromosome 7 for reduction rate of seedling height (R2 = 10.5%). The Moroberekan alleles contributed the positive effect at these eight QTL loci. Although the parents, Ilpumbyeo
and Moroberekan, were not salt tolerant as the salt tolerant check variety, Pokkali, some lines displayed a similar level
of tolerance as Pokkali. The effect of the QTL on chromosome 7 was further confirmed by evaluating four lines containing the
target QTL for fresh and dry weight, turgid weight, and relative water content (RWC). Significant differences between each
line and Ilpumbyeo were detected for dry and fresh weight, and RWC values, and these results seem to indicate the beneficial
effect of the Moroberekam alleles for salt tolerance. A set of introgression lines are being developed containing only few
chromosomal segments from Moroberekan in the Ilpumbyeo background. These would be useful in developing salt tolerant lines
in the breeding program. 相似文献
15.
B. Olasanmi M. O. Akoroda E. Okogbenin C. Egesi S. S. Kahya O. Onyegbule F. Ewa J. Guitierrez H. Ceballos J. Tohme M. Fregene 《Euphytica》2014,195(2):235-244
Late root bulking is a major factor leading to rejection and abandoning of improved cassava genotypes in sub-Saharan Africa. Early bulking (EB) varieties shorten the growth period from planting to harvesting, better fit into environments with short rainy season, and reduce exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses thereby increasing productivity. This study was carried out to identify molecular markers linked to EB in cassava. Nine cassava hybrid populations (COB-1–COB-9) were developed using six elite varieties (TMS 30572, TMS 97/2205, TMS 98/0505, TMS 30555, NR 8212 and NR 8083) from the African cassava germplasm as parents. The progeny in each of the nine populations (101–272 genotypes per population) were evaluated for EB at 7 months after planting at seedling, clonal, and preliminary stages of breeding evaluation at Umudike. The parameters measured are fresh root yield, harvest index, fresh shoot weight and number of storage roots per plant. The progeny in each of the nine populations were genotyped at 542 simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker loci. Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify the SSR markers associated with EB in the populations. Nine SSR markers (SSRY 106, (ESTs)SSRY 292, SSRY 239, (ESTs)SSRY 7, NS 194, (ESTs)SSRY 47, SSRY 63, SSRY 250, and NS 323) were found to be closely linked (r = 0.3–0.5; p < 0.05) to EB in six of the nine hybrid populations. Seven of the markers with 10 % or more coefficient of determination (R2) were linked to major quantitative trait loci associated with EB in cassava. The molecular markers identified in this study provide useful materials to select for EB in cassava and for further target-traits-improvement by pyramiding. 相似文献
16.
Nine Prunus accessions were evaluated for germination and plantlet growth in an in vitro osmotic screening test using mannitol
as an osmoticum. Embryos from diverse peaches, almonds and peach-almond hybrids were cultured in Woody Plant Medium, and in
this same medium modified with the inclusion of 350 mM mannitol. Embryos were stratified in vitro for 60 days, induced to
germinate for a two week period and then allowed to develop and grow for another 20 days prior to harvest. Fresh weights of
both roots and shoots as well as percent germination were recorded at harvest. The main effects of nutrient medium, germplasm
type (peach, peach-almond, almond) and specific Prunus accession were all highly significant (P = 0.01) with regard to fresh
weight of roots and shoots. Embryo germination was affected significantly by the inclusion of mannitol in the nutrient medium
and by the particular germplasm type (P=0.01 and P=0.05, respectively). Significant interactions of nutrient medium × Prunus
accession and nutrient medium × germplasm type were also detected for both root and shoot fresh weights. Almond germplasm
cultured in Woody Plant Medium with 350 mM mannitol produced significantly more roots and shoots than either peaches or peach-almond
hybrids grown in the same medium. Peach-almond hybrid embryos were observed to germinate at a significantly higher frequency
than peach embryos when averaged across both media. Results obtained in this study indicate a wide range of average plantlet
fresh weight relative to the specific germplasm challenged in the osmotic screen.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Dong-Jin Kang Koichi Futakuchi Young-Jin Seo Pisoot Vijarnsorn Ryuichi Ishii 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2012,15(1):25-31
We evaluated Al-tolerance in 44 interspecific lines (32 upland and 12 lowland) developed from the crosses of Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima called New Rice for Africa (NERICA) with 2 O. glaberrima lines and 13 O. sativa varieties under hydroponic culture containing 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mM Al (+Al) and 0 mM Al (?Al as a control). Ten upland and four lowland NERICA lines showed strong Al-tolerance judging from their higher relative root and shoot dry weights (percentage ratios of dry weights in the Al treatments to the control) than those of the tolerant O. sativa check of IR 53650. Their tolerance was supported by relatively higher root Al accumulation (dark blue color) opposite performance with common knowledge (shown pale blue color) in root using hematoxylin staining compared to the Al-susceptible genotypes identified based on relative root and shoot dry weights in the study. Net Al concentration was higher in roots than in shoots in all +Al conditions for all genotypes; however, a clear difference in the Al concentration among the Al-tolerant, Al-moderately tolerant, and Al-susceptible genotypes was observed in the shoots. Al concentrations in the shoots of the Al-tolerant and Al-moderately tolerant upland and lowland NERICA lines were significantly lower than those of its Al-susceptible counterparts in the groups under 0.6 and 1.2 mM Al conditions, respectively. Differences in root and shoot growth among the Al-tolerant, Al-moderately tolerant, and Al-susceptible NERICA lines were clearer under strong Al toxic conditions (0.6 and 1.2 mM Al) than under weak Al toxic conditions (0.15 and 0.3 mM Al). 相似文献
18.
M. Farooq T. Aziz S. M. A. Basra A. Wahid A. Khaliq M. A. Cheema 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2008,194(5):350-359
Abiotic stresses, including chilling, impede the plant growth and development mainly by oxidative damage. In this study, seed priming with CaCl2 was employed to reduce the damage caused by chilling stress in hybrid maize. Maize hybrid (Hycorn 8288) seeds were soaked in 50, 100 and 150 mg l−1 (ppm) aerated solution of CaCl2 for 24 h and dried. Treated and untreated seeds were sown at 27 °C (optimal temperature) and 15 °C (chilling stress) under controlled conditions. Seed priming with CaCl2 significantly reduced the chilling damage and improved the germination rate, root and shoot length, and seedling fresh and dry weights. Activities of antioxidants, including catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, were also improved. Soluble sugars and α-amylase concentrations determined as general metabolic indicators of stress were also increased by seed priming with CaCl2. Priming also improved the performance of maize at optimal temperature. Maintenance of tissue water contents, reduction in membrane leakage and increase in antioxidant activities, and carbohydrate metabolism seemed to induce chilling tolerance by CaCl2. Seed priming with 100 mg l−1 CaCl2 was the optimal concentration in improving the performance of hybrid maize both under optimal and stress conditions. 相似文献
19.
Data presented herein provides a rapid and efficient method for Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation of Arnebia hispidissima for hairy root cultures as well as for enhancing Shikonin production. Etiolated explants viz. shoot tip, nodal, leaf and
internodal segments were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes for induction of hairy root. Among the various explants employed, leaf explant showed maximum 70.7% response followed by
shoot tip 48.3%, nodal segment 38.7% and internodal segment 9.3%. Integration of Ri plasmid rolB gene in the transformed hairy root cultures was confirmed by PCR analysis using forward (FrolB) and reverse (RrolB) primers of rolB gene resulting in the amplification of 0 ∼ 0.8 kb fragments. Medium compositions have been optimized for in vitro induction
of Shikonin in hairy root cultures of Arnebia hispidissima. Hairy roots on hormonefree MS medium showed red spots in the older part of the tissues which turned white after a second
subculture. Whereas hairy roots cultured on RC medium showed faster growth and produced large amount of Shikonin. The Shikonin
content in transformed hairy root culture was estimated by recording absorbance at 620 nm and quantified against authentic
sample of Shikonin. Shikonin content was estimated to be 0.85 mg g−1 fresh weight of tissue at the end of the 50 days of culture. The results presented herein will help to design strategies
for bridging the gap between ever increasing demand and supply of raw products necessary for obtaining Shikonin for cosmetic,
dyeing, food, medicinal, and pharmaceutical industries. 相似文献
20.
Waterlogging causes long‐lasting damage to wheat (Triticum aestivum). Root growth and respiration were investigated after heading in waterlogged, pot‐grown, wheat plants and also in hydroponically grown, wheat seedlings exposed to a hypoxic treatment. In the pot experiment, plants were subjected to 8 days of waterlogging after heading. This period of waterlogging resulted in reduced shoot and root growth through to maturity. The root CO2 emission rates of previously waterlogged and well‐drained plants were about 220 and 140 nmol g?1 per s, respectively, with the rate differences persisting from 10 days after anthesis through to maturity. In the hydroponic experiments, seedlings (Feekes stage 2.0) were exposed to root‐zone, hypoxic treatment for 10–19 days. The roots showed 27 % higher CO2 emission rates and 37 % higher O2 consumption rates, compared with untreated roots. In whole root systems, the high respiration rates found during hypoxic treatment disappeared during recovery under aerated conditions as a result of the appearance of newly initiated roots. However, measurements of the respiration of the previously hypoxic roots showed abnormally high respiration rates. In roots exposed to hypoxic treatment, total sugar concentrations were 3.6‐times higher than in untreated roots indicating that this elevation of sugar may be responsible for the continued high respiration rate. This study shows that roots exposed to waterlogging or to hypoxic treatments do not increase their weights and thus recover from the metabolic disturbances resulting from these treatments. 相似文献