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为了探讨犬免疫球蛋白IgM所包含的生物学信息及其与其他物种的亲缘和进化关系,对犬IgM重链恒定区进行了研究。采用3′RACE及RT-PCR方法,获得了犬IgM重链恒定区全长基因(包括分泌型和跨膜型),犬具有哺乳动物IgM的典型特征,其恒定区包括CH1~CH4 4个区,其中CH3与CH4区序列相对保守,分泌尾的同源性更高,靠近分子的羧基端同源性有增加的趋势。种系发生树分析发现,犬与大熊猫及猫等食肉目动物位于一个进化树分支上。DNAMAN软件分析显示,犬与大熊猫和猫的核酸序列同源性分别为87.88%和81.58%。 相似文献
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利用反转录聚合酶链式反应,结合快速扩增cDNA末端(RACE)技术,克隆了甘薯茎线虫乙酰胆碱酯酶基因cDNA Dd-ace-1.该cDNA序列5′端存在反式剪接引导序列SL1,全长2196bp,包含1个1908bp的开放阅读框(GenBank登录号EF583059);在推导出的635个氨基酸残基的前体蛋白中,N端的前24个氨基酸残基为信号肽,随后的611个氨基酸残基是成熟的乙酰胆碱酯酶序列,其预测的相对分子质量为70144.12.在一级结构中,形成催化活性中心的3个氨基酸残基(Ser223、Glu360和His483)、胆碱结合位点Trp(106)以及在亚基内形成二硫键的6个半胱氨酸完全保守;在电鳐(Torpedo californica)乙酰胆碱酯酶分子的催化功能域中存在14个保守的芳香族氨基酸残基,其中10个在甘薯茎线虫乙酰胆碱酯酶中完全保守.该酶的氨基酸序列与南方根节线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、胎生网尾线虫(Dictyocaulus viviparous)和秀丽小杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)ACE-1的同源性为68.6%、67.2%和66.3%.与其他线虫乙酰胆碱酯酶的聚类分析显示,该乙酰胆碱酯酶(Dd-ACE-1)与其他线虫乙酰胆碱酯酶ACE-1同属一个支系. 相似文献
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应用3‘-RACE方法对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)和奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus)胰蛋白酶Ⅱ cDNA进行了克隆并进行序列测定和分析.结果表明,胰蛋白酶Ⅱ序列中均具有催化活性必需的高度保守的催化三联体氨基酸残基(His、Asp、Ser)和构成二硫键的10个半胱氨酸残基,以及决定底物特异性的保守性氨基酸残基--天冬氨酸残基和S1结合袋.奥利亚罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼胰蛋白酶Ⅱ mRNA序列以及氨基酸序列同源性分别为96.4%和97.5%. 相似文献
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根据已报道的谷类作物硬度基因grain softness protein-1(Gsp-1)保守DNA序列设计一对特异性引物,以优质小麦品种(系)中国春、SZ-56及M9876基因组DNA为模板进行基因扩增、克隆和序列测定,获得636 bp的Gsp-1全长特异性片段。序列分析显示其含有495 bp完整的开放阅读框,编码全长为164 aa的蛋白,该蛋白含有Gsp-1典型的19 aa信号肽,10个保守的半胱氨酸以及2个保守的色氨酸。序列比对表明,Gsp-1基因不仅含有Gsp-1 a、Gsp-1 b和Gsp-1 c这3种类型,还含有一种新的类型,将其命名Gsp-1 d。进一步对其结构预测分析发现,Gsp-1蛋白可形成5个链间二硫键,含有4~5个α-螺旋。进化树分析显示Gsp-1基因与硬度主效基因Pina和Pinb有着紧密关系。 相似文献
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昆虫铁蛋白(ferritin)由两个亚基组成,类似于脊椎动物铁蛋白的重链和轻链.从松墨天牛(Monoc hamusahe rnatus)cDNA文库中筛选出erritin基因的重链同源物(HCH) cDNA序列,其开放阅读框(ORF)长669 bp,编码222个氨基酸,命名为Mafer,GenBank登录号为KJ872588,该序列推测的蛋白分子质量为25.8 ku,等电点为5.72.预测的松墨天牛ferritin信号肽长度为18个氨基酸残基,在5'非编码区没发现铁反应元件(IRE),N末端有保守的半胱氨酸,符合脊椎动物重链特点.相似性比对显示,松墨天牛ferritin与光肩星天牛(Anoplophora glabripennis)和桑天牛(Apriona germari) ferritin的相似性分别为93％和69％;系统进化树分析显示,松墨天牛与光肩星天在同一分支下,与黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)亲缘关系较远. 相似文献
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大麦HvRBR基因克隆与序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】从栽培大麦(Hordeum vulgare)中分离并克隆对植物细胞周期起负调控作用的RBR(retinoblastoma-related),鉴定大麦RBR(HvRBR)分子特征,明确其与同源基因间的亲缘关系和分类地位,为探索动、植物生长发育过程中细胞增殖和分化相关调控途径的研究提供理论依据。【方法】通过对植物RBR生物信息学分析,根据RBR保守区域序列设计通用引物,采用PCR方法从栽培大麦DNA和苗期总cDNA中分别分段克隆,获得特征序列后在DNAMAN软件下进行序列分析、多重序列比对并构建系统树。【结果】从栽培大麦籽粒皱缩突变材料GSHO1854中获得全长为5547bp的大麦HvRBR序列(GU121481),其cDNA编码区(GU121480)全长3179bp,包含一个编码975个氨基酸的开放阅读框。由其推导的氨基酸序列与已报道的RBR蛋白序列有较高的一致性。在A、B保守区之间有一个间隔区,虽然同源性较低,但是所有氨基酸序列的相似位点都包含一个半胱氨酸残基,这说明该半胱氨酸残基形成的分子内或分子间二硫键可能对整个RBR蛋白的结构和功能产生重要的影响。系统进化分析表明HvRBR与水稻同源性最高(84.3%),与苜蓿、拟南芥等双子叶植物的同源性较低(50%)。【结论】首次从大麦中得到与植物细胞周期起调控、细胞增殖和分化相关的RBR蛋白编码基因HvRBR。对栽培大麦籽粒皱缩突变材料GSHO1854的HvRBR进行了分子克隆和鉴定,并通过系统进化分析将HvRBR归为植物RBR家族C亚族。 相似文献
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异育银鲫促甲状腺激素β亚基基因的克隆及序列分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用RT-PCR、RACE及克隆等方法获得了异育银鲫促甲状腺激素β亚基(TSHβ)基因全长cDNA序列。该cDNA全长926 bp,5’端非编码区68 bp;3’端非编码区372 bp;开放阅读框(ORF)486 bp,编码161个氨基酸。经序列分析显示,其编码的氨基酸序列与金鱼[Carassius auratus(goldfish)]、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鳙(Aristichthysnobilis)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)、虹鳟(Salmo gaidnerii)、鲑(Salmo salar)、鳗鲡(Anguilla anguilla)具有较高的相似性,其相似性分别为91.3%、87.6%、83.2%、77%、58.6%、56.1%、43.55%,同源性较高,这说明TSHβ亚基在长期的进化中具有较高保守性。而且在比较中还发现:异育银鲫和其它7种鱼类相比在5’端多11个氨基酸序列,并且都含有定位保守的12个半胱氨酸残基和一个N糖基化位点。 相似文献
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利用RT-PCR、RACE及克隆等方法获得了异育银鲫促甲状腺激素β亚基(TSHβ)基因全长cDNA序列。该cDNA全长926 bp,5’端非编码区68 bp;3’端非编码区372 bp;开放阅读框(ORF)486 bp,编码161个氨基酸。经序列分析显示,其编码的氨基酸序列与金鱼[Carassius auratus(goldfish)]、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鳙(Aristichthysnobilis)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)、虹鳟(Salmo gaidnerii)、鲑(Salmo salar)、鳗鲡(Anguilla anguilla)具有较高的相似性,其相似性分别为91.3%、87.6%、83.2%、77%、58.6%、56.1%、43.55%,同源性较高,这说明TSHβ亚基在长期的进化中具有较高保守性。而且在比较中还发现:异育银鲫和其它7种鱼类相比在5’端多11个氨基酸序列,并且都含有定位保守的12个半胱氨酸残基和一个N糖基化位点。 相似文献
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罗非鱼胰蛋白酶Ⅱ cDNA克隆与序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用3′-RACE方法对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)和奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus)胰蛋白酶Ⅱ cDNA进行了克隆并进行序列测定和分析。结果表明，胰蛋白酶Ⅱ序列中均具有催化活性必需的高度保守的催化三联体氨基酸残基(His、Asp、Ser)和构成二硫键的10个半胱氨酸残基，以及决定底物特异性的保守性氨基酸残基——天冬氨酸残基和S1结合袋。奥利亚罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼胰蛋白酶ⅡmRNA序列以及氨基酸序列同源性分别为96．4％和97．5％。 相似文献
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猪IgG H链基因CH2-CH3的克隆和分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据已发表的猪IgG H链序列,设计了1对通用引物,从猪外周血淋巴细胞提取总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增IgG H链基因CH2-CH3序列,并克隆入pMD18-T Simple载体,转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,经SalI和XbaI双酶切鉴定,筛选出阳性克隆。核酸序列测定分析表明,IgG H链基因CH2-CH3序列全长为669 bp,编码CH2-CH3的221个氨基酸和J区的1个脯氨酸。利用DNASTAR软件将其与猪IgG H链各CH2-CH3序列进行比较,发现其与U03778-1、U03779-2a、U03780-2b、U03781-3、U03782-4的核苷酸序列同源率分别为92.1%、98.4%、98.5%、93.0%和97.2%,推导的氨基酸序列同源率分别为86.5%、96.4%、96.5%、87.0%和94.2%。经进化树分析提示,该序列可能为一个新的亚型。 相似文献
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真骨鱼重链IgM恒定区基因由CH1～CH44个外显子所编码,以IgM分泌型表达,其跨膜域由2个外显子所编码,它以淋巴细胞膜受体形式被利用,TM1外显子被直接剪接到CH3外显子,而不是在CH4外显子内,这种不寻常的剪接方式导致产生Cμ4区的膜IgM。真骨鱼IgD重链除包括分泌型或膜结合型的C末端外,这个重组分子还包括1个重组的可变区、μ链的第1个恒定区及7个恒定区。IgD(δ)重链基因恰好位于IgM(μ)基因下游,第1个恒定区μ外显子被剪切形成δ转录本。 相似文献
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Zarrin AA Del Vecchio C Tseng E Gleason M Zarin P Tian M Alt FW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5810):377-381
Antibody class switching in activated B cells uses class switch recombination (CSR), which joins activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-dependent double-strand breaks (DSBs) within two large immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus switch (S) regions that lie up to 200 kilobases apart. To test postulated roles of S regions and AID in CSR, we generated mutant B cells in which donor Smu and accepter Sgamma1 regions were replaced with yeast I-SceI endonuclease sites. We found that site-specific I-SceI DSBs mediate recombinational IgH locus class switching from IgM to IgG1 without S regions or AID. We propose that CSR evolved to exploit a general DNA repair process that promotes joining of widely separated DSBs within a chromosome. 相似文献
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Our understanding of leukemia development and progression has been hampered by the lack of in vivo models in which disease is initiated from primary human hematopoietic cells. We showed that upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice, primitive human hematopoietic cells expressing a mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion gene generated myeloid or lymphoid acute leukemias, with features that recapitulated human diseases. Analysis of serially transplanted mice revealed that the disease is sustained by leukemia-initiating cells (L-ICs) that have evolved over time from a primitive cell type with a germline immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene configuration to a cell type containing rearranged IgH genes. The L-ICs retained both myeloid and lymphoid lineage potential and remained responsive to microenvironmental cues. The properties of these cells provide a biological basis for several clinical hallmarks of MLL leukemias. 相似文献
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Jingwen LIANG Yingfeng LUO Yi SUN Meng LEI Bing ZHANG Songnian HU Yaofeng ZHAO 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2014,1(3):201
In the bone marrow and spleen, the developing B cell populations undergo both negative and positive selections to shape their B cell receptor repertoire. To gain insight into the shift of the immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) chain repertoire during B cell development, we undertook large scale Ig μ chain repertoire analysis of pre-B, immature B and spleen B cell populations. We found that the majority of VH gene segments, VH families, JH and D gene segments, were observed to have significantly different usage frequencies when three B cell populations were compared, but the usage profile of the VH, D, and JH genes between different B cell populations showed high correlations. In both productive and nonproductive rearrangements, the length of CDRH3 shortened significantly on average when B cells entered the periphery. However, the CDRH3 length distribution of nonproductive rearrangements did not follow a Gaussian distribution, but decreased successively in the order 3n-2, 3n-1 and 3n, suggesting a direct correlation between mRNA stability and CDRH3 length patterns of nonproductive rearrangements. Further analysis of the individual components comprising CDRH3 of productive rearrangements indicated that the decrease in CDRH3 length was largely due to the reduction of N addition at the 5′ and 3′ junctions. Moreover, with development, the amino acid content of CDRH3 progressed toward fewer positively charged and nonpolar residues but more polar residues. All these data indicated that the expressed Ig μ chain repertoire, especially the repertoire of CDRH3, was fine-tuned when B cells passed through several checkpoints of selection during the process of maturation. 相似文献
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Min ZHANG Xueqian CHENG Dan CHU Jingwen LIANG Yi SUN Li MA Beilei XU Min ZHENG Meili WANG Liming REN Xiaoxiang HU Qingyong MENG Ran ZHANG Ying GUO Yunping DAI Robert AITKEN Ning LI Yaofeng ZHAO 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2014,1(2):158
In this study, we introduced the bovine immunoglobulin μ heavy-chain gene (the orphaned gene on BTA11) into mouse germline cells. Bovine IgM was highly expressed in selected transgenic lines, and it largely inhibited rearrangements of the endogenous immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes in these lines. The forced expression of bovine IgM resulted in reduced numbers of pro- and pre-B cells but increased the number of immature B cells in the transgenic mice. Bovine IgM-expressing B cells can migrate from the bone marrow to the spleen, but most of the cells are arrested at the T1 transitional B cell stage, leading to a significantly lower number of T2 transitional and mature B cells in the spleen. Although the serum concentrations of endogenous IgM and IgG in the transgenic mice were significantly decreased, the IgA levels were slightly increased compared to the WT mice. The bovine IgM level in the serum was only one-tenth to one-fifth of that of endogenous mouse IgM, suggesting that most of the serum immunoglobulin were contributed by endogenous IgH gene-expressing B cells. These transgenic mice also exhibited a lower frequency of unique complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) sequences in their VH repertoire and Vκ repertoire but exhibited an increased frequency of unique CDR3 in their Vλ repertoire. Compared to the WT mice, the transgenic mice had a significantly higher percentage of mouse IgM-expressing B cells that expressed λ chains. Finally, we showed that the transgenic mice were deficient in a specific antibody response to antigen stimulation. 相似文献
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Dairy industry is the pillar of Heilongjiang Province. The contractual relationship of the dairy supply chain played a vital role in the dairy industry for development. The contractual relationship between the main dairy farming body and the dairy processing enterprise, as well as the impact of this contractual relationship on their cooperation in dairy supply chain were studied. Taking 366 dairy farming bodies in Heilongjiang Province as the main research objects, Likert scale was used to measure the factors affecting the contractual relationship and applied these factors to the correlation construction of dairy farming body and processing enterprise. Then, confirmatory factor analysis was used to collect data and made the conclusion that once dairy farming body perceived the opportunistic behavior and lacking of cooperation, the trust of dairy processing enterprise would be lost. Additionally, the satisfaction of dairy farming body on partnership also had a positive effect on the level of trust and commitment, the relative dependence and the perception of the partnerships, which made it possible to analyze how to strengthen the contractual relationship and provide theoretical basis for dairy industry development in Heilongjiang Province. 相似文献