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1.
为了建立家兔乳房炎疾病模型,采用,选取体重4.0~5.0 kg的健康怀孕新西兰兔20只,随机分成对照组(n=4)和试验组,试验组于泌乳期(分娩后7~10 d)在健康家兔的第2对乳池内注入1.0 m L(106CFU/m L)致病性大肠杆菌制成的细菌悬液,并于灌注后8、16、32和64 h通过临床症状、乳腺组织病理变化、血常规等主要指标以及回归试验等方法验证造模是否成功。结果显示:自造模8 h后家兔出现食欲下降,呼吸、体温以及脉搏不同程度增加,乳腺出现不同程度肿胀,触诊敏感性增强等炎性表现;造模乳腺组织镜检发现有炎性细胞浸润、组织结构破坏等现象;血常规显示试验组白细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞总数与对照组相比显著增加(P<0.05);回归试验结果全部呈阳性,通过形态学以及生化鉴定为大肠杆菌。结果表明:致病性大肠杆菌诱发家兔乳房炎模型与炎症的病理过程一致,可用作乳房炎疾病模型使用。 相似文献
2.
为研究中药复方宫炎净中生物碱对子宫内膜炎家兔子宫组织病理形态变化的影响,本实验通过子宫灌注混合菌液建立子宫内膜炎家兔模型,观察家兔在造模前后的临床症状以及白细胞分类计数变化,确认造模成功后给予不同剂量的生物碱治疗,并在末次给药后,取各组家兔的子宫,观察其病理变化。结果显示,通过子宫灌注病原菌可以导致家兔采食量减少,精神状态差,体温升高,白细胞总数及中性粒细胞数显著增多（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）、淋巴细胞显著减少（P〈0.05）,成功建立子宫内膜炎家兔模型;通过观察家兔子宫组织变化,结果表明,宫炎净中生物碱有一定的活血化瘀、抗菌消炎作用,对子宫内膜炎家兔有较好的治疗作用。 相似文献
3.
检测和分析经乳头管灌注脂多糖(LPS)前后家兔血清急性期蛋白含量的动态变化。11只泌乳家兔(产后7d)经乳头管灌注LPS建立乳房炎模型,在灌注前2h,灌注后6、12、24、48、72h和5、7d分别测定血清中结合珠蛋白(HP)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量,同时取乳腺组织观察病理变化。组织病理学结果显示,灌注LPS后6h后乳腺组织出现病理变化,腺泡腔中观察到嗜中性粒白细胞;灌注24h时组织损伤加重,乳腺组织结构紊乱,浸润大量嗜中性粒白细胞;48h后乳腺组织开始自我修复,7d时恢复正常。灌注LPS前血清中HP含量低于检出限,灌注LPS后6h时HP含量显著升高(P<0.05),12h时达到峰值,48h开始显著降低(P<0.05);CRP含量在灌注LPS后6～72h内显著升高(P<0.05),12h时达到峰值,72h后逐渐降低,5d时恢复到健康水平;ALB含量在灌注LPS后12～72h内显著降低(P<0.05),5d时恢复到健康水平。结果表明,HP、CRP和ALB含量在灌注LPS前后发生了规律性的变化,其中HP含量对LPS诱导的急性乳房炎反应敏感,提示HP可作为评价乳腺组织炎症程度和乳房炎的早期诊断... 相似文献
4.
应用全身过敏性、皮肤刺激性、黏膜刺激性和乳腺刺激性试验,评定了利福昔明混悬乳剂的安全性。结果表明,致敏试验豚鼠均未出现过敏性反应。在皮肤刺激性试验中,单次敷药组家兔皮肤均未见异常变化,多次敷药组虽有1只试验兔皮肤出现了短暂性轻微红斑,但皮肤刺激反应积分平均值仅为0.2。在黏膜刺激性试验中,受试药物组有1只试验兔的阴道黏膜出现轻微的充血现象,阴道黏膜刺激反应积分平均值为0.2。乳腺刺激性试验羊乳房未见异常症状,乳腺组织未见充血、水肿和白细胞浸润等病理变化。综合评价试验结果表明,利福昔明混悬乳剂是一种安全性良好的制剂。 相似文献
5.
为建立家兔乳腺炎模型,本试验将从乳房炎患牛奶样中分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌制成104CFU/mL细菌悬液,并分别注入选取的16只3～4 kg健康泌乳家兔的第3对乳池内(1 mL/乳区),诱发乳腺发炎。观察临床表现,乳腺组织形态学病理变化,并于造模后72 h采集乳腺组织匀浆液进行回归试验。结果显示:①造模后动物出现急性炎症反应,表现为饮食欲降低,甚至废绝;体温、心率和呼吸频率显著升高;造模乳区严重肿胀。②造模乳区的乳腺组织镜检发现有炎性细胞浸润、组织结构破坏等现象。③回归试验全部呈阳性,其生长菌落为金黄色葡萄球菌。结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌诱发家兔临床型乳腺炎模型与炎症的病理过程和炎性反应一致,可用作病理模型使用。 相似文献
6.
血液中各种白细胞的作用各不相同,如中性白细胞是严重感染和炎症初期最活跃的细胞,具有吞噬和杀菌作用;嗜酸性白细胞能作变形运动,常常出现在抗原抗体反应的部位,释放组胺酶灭活组胺,从而减弱过敏反应;嗜碱性白细胞具有抗凝血作用;淋巴细胞和单核细胞参与机体的免疫反应.另外,各种白细胞彼此之间形态存在着差异.因此,准确、快速地进行血液白细胞分类计数,对诊断和防治家兔疾病具有重要的临床意义. 相似文献
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8.
为探讨动物氟乙酰胺中毒后血液和尿液指标的变化规律,将20只健康家兔随机分成4组,Ⅰ组为对照组,正常饲喂,Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ组作为中毒组,分别经口灌服1.5、2.0、10.0 mg/kg体重的氟乙酰胺溶液(5.68×10-2 mg/L);各中毒组家兔死亡前从心脏采集血样,未死亡家兔和对照组家兔在试验第3天从心脏采集血样,进行红细胞、白细胞计数、白细胞分类计数和血红蛋白含量测定;通过膀胱穿刺采集尿液,用半自动生化仪测定亚硝酸盐、pH、葡萄糖、蛋白质、潜血、酮体、胆红素及尿胆素原等指标.结果显示,各中毒组家兔血红蛋白含量及红细胞总数较对照组显著降低(P＜0.05),白细胞总数显著增加(P＜0.05),其中淋巴细胞增加较为明显,中性粒细胞相对减少;各中毒组尿液中葡萄糖、蛋白质和尿胆素原含量较对照组都有所升高,pH显著降低(P＜0.05),尿中血红蛋白含量显著增加(P＜0.05).这些指标的测定可为动物氟乙酰胺中毒临床诊断提供参考. 相似文献
9.
牛奶中的体细胞（SCC）,是指每毫升奶中的细胞总数,多数是白细胞（即巨噬细胞、多叶核白细胞、噬中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞）,约占牛体细胞数的93％～99％,其它1％～7％是乳腺组织死去脱落的上皮细胞。体细胞数反映了牛奶产量、质量及牛只的健康状况。目前,体细胞计数已经成为牧场管理和监控牛奶质量的重要手段,是衡量牛奶质量的“黄金标准”。 相似文献
10.
奶牛乳房炎是指由各种病因引起的乳房的炎症．其主要特点是乳汁发生理化性质以及细菌学变化．乳腺组织发生病理学变化。临床性乳房炎容易确诊，但是由于大多数病例（隐性乳房炎）用手触诊乳腺难以发现异常，用肉眼检查乳汁也难于观察到病理性变化，所以现在有人把乳房炎定义为以感染乳腺乳汁中的白细胞计数显著增加的一种疾病，而更为准确的定义则依其病原来确定。[第一段] 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
13.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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16.
Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
17.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
18.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
20.
Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664