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1.
甲鱼对蛋白质、脂肪、糖及钙磷的适宜需求量 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以鱼粉、小麦粉和豆饼制成基础饲料，分别添加酪蛋白、豆油、α－淀粉调节各组饵料中的蛋白质、脂肪和糖类的含量，以磷酸盐和碳酸钙调节钙磷比及钙磷总量，研究饲料中的蛋白质、脂肪、糖类和钙磷对于甲鱼生长的影响。试验分两部分进行，试验Ⅰ以正交表Ｌ９（３４）设计，研究蛋白质、脂肪、糖类和钙磷比四因素三水平对于成甲鱼的增重率和成活率的影响，并初步探讨了甲鱼对这四种因素的适宜需求量。试验Ⅱ是在正交试验的基础上，采用单因素梯度法，进一步研究了蛋白质、脂肪及钙磷在饲料中的适宜含量。试验结果表明，体重为１０１．８８±３．４６ｇ的甲鱼对蛋白质的适宜需求量为４７．５０％，脂肪为８．０５％，糖类为１８．２４％，钙磷比为１．５１：１，幼甲鱼（体重为１８．１９±０．６７ｇ）对钙磷总量的适宜需求量为４．２３％（其中钙为２．５４％，磷为１．６９％）。饲料中各种营养素对于甲鱼的影响效果是不同的，对于成甲鱼的增重，脂肪为主要因素，其次为蛋白质。但二者相差不大，再次为糖类，钙磷比的影响最小；对于成活率，影响最大的是脂肪，其次为蛋白质和钙磷比，糖类的影响最小。设计配方时要优先考虑脂肪和蛋白质。另外，研究钙磷需求时发现，钙磷含量高于适宜含量，成活率显 相似文献
2.
鲈鱼幼鱼人工配合饲料中蛋白质,脂肪适宜含量的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
探讨了人工配合料中蛋白质,脂肪对鲈鱼幼鱼生长的影响,对各试验组幼鱼肝组织中的脂肪含量进行了比较,经３５ｄ试验养殖,结果表明：鲈鱼幼鱼配合饲料中蛋白质和脂肪的含量分别为３９．８５％～４０．１２％和５．４％～１５．４％时较为适宜。 相似文献
3.
黄鳝的营养素需要量及饲料最适能量蛋白比 总被引：32，自引：1，他引：31
用正交设计法Ｌ９（３＾４）配制九种试验饲料,对黄鳝配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪、总能、无机盐需要量及最适能量蛋白比进行了研究,结果表明,影响黄鳝生长的主要因素是蛋白质和总能,黄鳝最佳生长所需饲料中蛋白质含量为３５．７％,总能为１１．５０￣１２．５０ｋＪ．ｇ＾－１饲料,脂肪含量３％￣４％,无机盐含量３％,总糖２４％￣３３％。黄鳝饲料的最适能量蛋白比（Ｅ／Ｐ＝ｋＪ．ｇ＾－１）为３１．６￣３８．９。 相似文献
4.
用正交设计法对乌鳢配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、混合无机盐等的适宜含量进行了研究，发现各营养素的适宜含量分别为：蛋白质45％、脂肪8％、糖类20％、混合无机盐2％。影响乌鳢生长的主要营养因素是蛋白质和混合无机盐。 相似文献
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大菱鲆幼鱼的蛋白质与能量需求 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
饲料中蛋白质的含量对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长起着决定性作用，适宜的能蛋比，既有利于能量的利用，又有利于蛋白质的利用，提高了饲料的利用率。设计4个蛋白质含量梯度和4个能量梯度的16组饲料，试验证明，蛋白质含量大于42％、能蛋比小于115，鱼体日增重率明显增大，饲料系数明显降低，表现出较高的饲料效率，本研究认为大菱鲆幼鱼配合饲料适宜的蛋白质含量为42％～45％、适宜的能蛋比为92．7～102．5。 相似文献
6.
三疣梭子蟹幼蟹配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维适宜含量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以初始平均体重为7.1 g的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹为试验对象,以粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维为试验因素,各设3个水平,采用正交试验设计L9(34),配制成9种饲料,在室内水族箱进行为期4周的饲养试验,以探讨三疣梭子蟹幼蟹配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和粗纤维的适宜含量.结果表明,三疣梭子蟹幼蟹配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和粗纤维的适宜含量分别为40%、6%～8%和≤5%时,三疣梭子蟹幼蟹增重率和蜕壳率高,饲料系数低和蛋白质效率较高. 相似文献
7.
日本沼虾饲料最适蛋白质、脂肪含量及能量蛋白比的研究 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
本文研究了日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)饲料的最适蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及能量蛋白比。试验用饲料由酪蛋白、糊精、混合油、复合维生素和无机盐混合物等组成。本试验用的日本沼虾体重为 1.77±0.23克,试验期间水温为 21—25℃。用增重率、饲料系数和肝胰脏α-淀粉酶活力等作为评价指标。试验结果表明:日本沼虾配合饲料适宜蛋白质含量为 36.8—42.27％,适宜脂肪含量为6—12％。当配合饲料的蛋内质含量在适宜范围内,饲料能量蛋白比(C/P)为8千卡/克蛋白左右,每公斤配合饲料的总能量为3006—3561千卡是最为适宜的。当饲料总能量在一定范围内,随着饲料碳水化合物含量的增加,肝胰脏α-淀粉酶活力增强。 相似文献
8.
中华鲟幼鱼饲料营养素适宜含量的研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
用蛋白质梯度饲养法测定蛋白质适宜含量范围,以增重率为指标,采用直线和抛物线回归,计算得出幼鲟饲料蛋白质适宜需要量为３５ ．４１ ％ ～４９ ．０９ ％ ;用正交试验法,以生长比速、蛋白质效率和饲料系数为评价指标,筛选幼鲟最适生长的饲料营养素含量为：蛋白质４０ ．４１ ％ ,脂肪９ ．０６ ％ ,糖２５ ．５６ ％ ,纤维素４ ．０８ ％ 。各营养素对幼鲟的生长及蛋白质效率的影响大小为：蛋白质＞ 脂肪＞ 糖＞ 纤维素,其中蛋白质为影响生长和鱼体成份变化的主要因素（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ;用脂肪梯度饲养法对正交试验结果进一步重复和验证,结果吻合。 相似文献
9.
沙特阿拉伯科技大学动物系的科研人员对尼罗罗非鱼投喂麸皮发现，麸皮含量为6％和12％的饲料提高了鱼体增重、鱼体肥满度、特定生长率、饲料转换率、蛋白质效率比值和蛋白质净滞留率。麸皮含量为18％饲料喂养的鱼脂肪含量、灰分含量、能量含量以及上述参数最低，而水分含量高。投喂麸皮含量为12％饲料的鱼，蛋白质含量和生长数值最高。表明尼罗罗非鱼实用配合饲料中，麸皮适宜用量为12％。尼罗罗非鱼饲料中麸皮的适宜用量@任维美 相似文献
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Macronutrient self-selection in European sea bass in response to dietary protein or fat restriction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Because European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) has strictly carnivorous feeding habits, protein and fat are the most important dietary components. In this paper we study the effect of restricted availability of protein and fat on the feeding behaviour and macronutrient selection. To this end, five groups of 20 sea bass with a body weight of 100.0 ± 20.1 g (mean ± SD) were raised in five circular 450‐L tanks. Each group could choose among three self‐feeders (experiment 1 and 2), each containing a different, incomplete, diet: P + CH (55.4% protein, 18.5% carbohydrate, DM diet), P + F (55.4% protein, 18.5% fat) or F + CH (36.9% fat, 36.9% carbohydrate) or between two self‐feeders (experiment 3), each containing protein (100%) or carbohydrate–fat (52.7% and 47.3% respectively). In experiments 1 and 2, sea bass selected a diet consisting of 65.3% digestible energy (DE) protein, 26.2% DE fat and 8.4% DE carbohydrate. The composition of the self‐selected diet did not differ when sea bass selected between the two diets in experiment 3. When fish were deprived of protein for two weeks, or deprived of fat for three weeks, they were unable to sustain their previous energy intake. This phenomenon was particularly evident during protein fasting, with the intake of fat and carbohydrate being negligible. During the first 2–3 days, after each fasting period, sea bass showed hyperphagic behaviour, but restricted availability of specific nutrients did not trigger any subsequent increased intake of these specific macronutrients. In conclusion, although sea bass were able to self‐compose a nutritionally balanced diet from three or two incomplete diets, no specific hunger was elicited after two weeks of protein fasting or three weeks of fat fasting. 相似文献
13.
Takeshi Yamamoto Koji Konishi Takao Shima Hirofumi Furuita Nobuhiro Suzuki Mitsuo Tabata 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(2):221-227
SUMMARY: An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to examine the influence of fat and carbohydrate levels in a 40% protein level diet on growth and body composition of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss under self-feeding conditions. Five fish meal-based diets were prepared to include gelatinized potato starch at four levels (9, 18, 27, and 36%) and dextrin (34%). Dietary fat levels were isoenergetically reduced from 18 to 7% by the digestible carbohydrates. Each diet was fed to four replicate groups (28 g/fish, 20–23 fish/group) using self-feeders. Specific growth rate, percentage weight gain and percentage protein retention did not differ between the treatments. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios were higher in the 18% starch (s18) and s27 diet groups, and decreased in higher fat or carbohydrate diet groups. Although gross energy intake (kJ/kg BW per day) decreased as the starch level increased, levels of digestible energy intake did not differ between the treatments. Fat levels in the carcass, viscera and liver decreased as dietary carbohydrate level increased. These results suggest that a 40% protein diet with either 15% fat and 18% starch or 11% fat and 27% starch is appropriate for juvenile rainbow trout under self-feeding conditions. 相似文献
14.
黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）的营养学研究主要体现在食性分析、肌肉营养成份的测定等基础研究上,而营养需求上的研究主要体现在配合饲料配方上的饲养试验,对于确定某种营养素需要量的研究报道较少。本文综述了黄颡鱼对蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物、维生素及无机盐的需要量。黄颡鱼配合饲料中蛋白质的适宜含量（稚幼鱼）为39%～45%、（成鱼）为34%～38%,脂肪的适宜含量为7%～9%,碳水化合物的适宜含量为20%～23%、粗纤维的适宜含量为5%～6%,无机盐的适宜含量为1%～2.5%。 相似文献
15.
A.T. Law 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1984,41(3):227-233
The digestion coefficients of the nutrients in the ingredients used in formulating the diet (MARDI-37%) for the culturing of jelawat were evaluated. Cr2O3 was used as an internal marker for the evaluation of digestibility. The results indicate that jelawat can digest 100% of the protein, fat, carbohydrate and gross energy in fish meal, but only 69.50% protein, 60.70% fat, 73.82% carbohydrate and 59.30% gross energy in soyabean meal. Surprisingly, this fish can digest copra cake meal, an agricultural by-product in Malaysia, better than soyabean meal; the values were 75.36% protein, 98.36% fat, 50.03% carbohydrate, and 73.21% gross energy. Digestibility of maize, rice bran and tapioca was poor in this fish.There were no significant differences in the digestibility of dry matter, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash and gross energy of the reference diet in jelawat specimens whose total length was greater than 12 cm, whereas in fish smaller than 12 cm digestibility was significantly lower. 相似文献
16.
根据鲤鱼的基本营养需求，确定基础饲料（蛋白质，脂肪，碳水化合物）配方后，对１２种无机盐和１２种维生素用数理统计正交试验，设计三个水平Ｌ２７（３＾１３），求出它们的电佳添加量，从而得出符合鲤鱼生理需求的无机盐，维生素综合配方－ＧＳ８９１添加剂。该添加剂经生产规模试验（池塘养鲤，水库网箱养鲤）证实，具有明显的促生长和节约饲料的功效。同期对比，增重率提高３０％以上，饲料系数降低７．９％以上。 相似文献
17.
The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco . Nine diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (30%, 36% and 42%), each with three carbohydrate levels (24%, 30% and 36%). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial mean body weight: 8.24±0.20 g) in indoor flow – through fibreglass tanks. The experiment continued for 8 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate were similar for the fish fed the 36% and 42% protein diets but higher than that fed the 30% protein diet. At the 36% protein level, carbohydrate contents varying from 24% to 36% ( P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ−1 ) had no significant effects on growth performance and feed utilization ( P >0.05). Protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with dietary carbohydrate level at the same protein level. Dietary treatments significantly influenced body composition ( P <0.05), but not the condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio ( P >0.05). Based on these observations, 36% protein and 24–36% carbohydrate with the P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ−1 seemed suitable for optimal growth and feed utilization, and carbohydrate could cause protein-sparing effect in diets for juvenile yellow catfish. 相似文献
18.
A. AKSNES 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1995,1(4):241-248
The effects of using increasing levels of carbohydrate to replace protein in diets for Atlantic salmon were studied in a long-term, semicommercial-scale experiment in sea cages, using wheat and corn starch as carbohydrate sources. The fish were fed extruded diets containing 24 g and 602 g kg?1, 98 g and 521 g kg?1, 165 g and 454 g kg?1, 230 g and 384 g kg?1 of carbohydrate and protein, respectively. The contents of lipid were kept constant at 280 g kg?1. The experiment lasted for 9 months until the fish had reached about 4 kg. All groups showed good growth in the experimental period. Feed efficiency decreased and feed intake increased linearly with increased level of carbohydrate in the diet. Digestibility of dry matter and energy were seriously decreased with increased carbohydrate level in the diets. This was mainly due to decreased digestibility of carbohydrate, but also to decreased digestibility of lipid. The digestibility of protein or amino acids was not affected by diet. Higher levels of carbohydrate resulted in increased storage of energy as lipid in fillet and abdominal fat. Red coloration showed an optimum at 98 g kg?1 carbohydrate in the diets. No differences in maturation were found between diets. Overall, based on feed efficiency, growth and slaughter quality, the optimum level of carbohydrate in the diet for Atlantic salmon in sea water is found to be approximately 100 g kg?1 dry matter. 相似文献
19.
Groups of rainbow trout fingerlings from ten different families were sampled after 12 and 24 weeks feeding on each of three diets which were similar in protein and energy content but had different percentages of metabolizable energy present as carbohydrate: 17, 25 and 38%. Fish fed different diets had the same dressed carcass weights, expressed as percentage of body weight, but fish fed higher carbohydrate diets had heavier livers and a higher percentage of discoloured livers. Chemical analyses of fish bodies showed lower fat and energy but higher protein and ash content for those fed higher carbohydrate diets. Livers contained more fat and carbohydrate but the same dry matter, and faeces showed less dry matter, more protein and the same energy content in fish with higher dietary carbohydrate. Utilization of dietary energy and protein was poorer in fish fed high levels of carbohydrate, but health of all fish appeared good. Little variation between different fish families, and no interaction between fish family and diet was found for any of the above parameters, indicating that prospects for change through selective breeding are poor. 相似文献