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1.
A hallmark of aging is diminished regenerative potential of tissues, but the mechanism of this decline is unknown. Analysis of injured muscle revealed that, with age, resident precursor cells (satellite cells) had a markedly impaired propensity to proliferate and to produce myoblasts necessary for muscle regeneration. This was due to insufficient up-regulation of the Notch ligand Delta and, thus, diminished activation of Notch in aged, regenerating muscle. Inhibition of Notch impaired regeneration of young muscle, whereas forced activation of Notch restored regenerative potential to old muscle. Thus, Notch signaling is a key determinant of muscle regenerative potential that declines with age. 相似文献
2.
Notch signaling defines an evolutionarily ancient cell interaction mechanism, which plays a fundamental role in metazoan development. Signals exchanged between neighboring cells through the Notch receptor can amplify and consolidate molecular differences, which eventually dictate cell fates. Thus, Notch signals control how cells respond to intrinsic or extrinsic developmental cues that are necessary to unfold specific developmental programs. Notch activity affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation, and apoptotic programs, providing a general developmental tool to influence organ formation and morphogenesis. 相似文献
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4.
DP Doupé MP Alcolea A Roshan G Zhang AM Klein BD Simons PH Jones 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6098):1091-1093
Diseases of the esophageal epithelium (EE), such as reflux esophagitis and cancer, are rising in incidence. Despite this, the cellular behaviors underlying EE homeostasis and repair remain controversial. Here, we show that in mice, EE is maintained by a single population of cells that divide stochastically to generate proliferating and differentiating daughters with equal probability. In response to challenge with all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), the balance of daughter cell fate is unaltered, but the rate of cell division increases. However, after wounding, cells reversibly switch to producing an excess of proliferating daughters until the wound has closed. Such fate-switching enables a single progenitor population to both maintain and repair tissue without the need for a "reserve" slow-cycling stem cell pool. 相似文献
5.
Endothelial cells stimulate self-renewal and expand neurogenesis of neural stem cells 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shen Q Goderie SK Jin L Karanth N Sun Y Abramova N Vincent P Pumiglia K Temple S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5675):1338-1340
Neural stem cells are reported to lie in a vascular niche, but there is no direct evidence for a functional relationship between the stem cells and blood vessel component cells. We show that endothelial cells but not vascular smooth muscle cells release soluble factors that stimulate the self-renewal of neural stem cells, inhibit their differentiation, and enhance their neuron production. Both embryonic and adult neural stem cells respond, allowing extensive production of both projection neuron and interneuron types in vitro. Endothelial coculture stimulates neuroepithelial cell contact, activating Notch and Hes 1 to promote self-renewal. These findings identify endothelial cells as a critical component of the neural stem cell niche. 相似文献
6.
A blood cell type termed crystal cell in Drosophila functions in clotting and wound healing and requires Notch for specification and maintenance. We report that crystal cells express elevated levels of Sima protein orthologous to mammalian hypoxia-inducible factor-α (Hif-α) even under conditions of normal oxygen availability. In these platelet-like crystal cells, Sima activates full-length Notch receptor signaling via a noncanonical, ligand-independent mechanism that promotes hemocyte survival during both normal hematopoietic development and hypoxic stress. This interaction initiates in early endosomes, is independent of Hif-β (Τangο in Drosophila), and does not activate hypoxia response targets. Studies in vertebrate myeloid cells have shown a similar up-regulation of Hif-α protein in well-oxygenated environments. This study provides a mechanistic paradigm for Hif-α/Notch interaction that may be conserved in mammals. 相似文献
7.
Asymmetric positioning of the mitotic spindle before cytokinesis can produce different-sized daughter cells that have distinct fates. Here, we found an asymmetric division in the Caenorhabditis elegans Q neuroblast lineage that began with a centered spindle but generated different-sized daughters, the smaller (anterior) of which underwent apoptosis. During this division, more myosin II accumulated anteriorly, suggesting that asymmetric contractile forces might produce different-sized daughters. Indeed, partial inactivation of anterior myosin by chromophore-assisted laser inactivation created a more symmetric division and allowed the survival and differentiation of the anterior daughter. Thus, the balance of myosin activity on the two sides of a dividing cell can govern the size and fate of the daughters. 相似文献
8.
Cell cycle dependence of laminar determination in developing neocortex 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
The neocortex is patterned in layers of neurons that are generated in an orderly sequence during development. This correlation between cell birthday and laminar fate prompted an examination of how neuronal phenotypes are determined in the developing cortex. At various times after labeling with [3H]thymidine, embryonic progenitor cells were transplanted into older host brains. The laminar fate of transplanted neurons correlates with the position of their progenitors in the cell cycle at the time of transplantation. Daughters of cells transplanted in S-phase migrate to layer 2/3, as do host neurons. Progenitors transplanted later in the cell cycle, however, produce daughters that are committed to their normal, deep-layer fates. Thus, environmental factors are important determinants of laminar fate, but embryonic progenitors undergo cyclical changes in their ability to respond to such cues. 相似文献
9.
Kim KA Kakitani M Zhao J Oshima T Tang T Binnerts M Liu Y Boyle B Park E Emtage P Funk WD Tomizuka K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5738):1256-1259
Several described growth factors influence the proliferation and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium. Using a transgenic mouse model, we identified a human gene, R-spondin1, with potent and specific proliferative effects on intestinal crypt cells. Human R-spondin1 (hRSpo1) is a thrombospondin domain-containing protein expressed in enteroendocrine cells as well as in epithelial cells in various tissues. Upon injection into mice, the protein induced rapid onset of crypt cell proliferation involving beta-catenin stabilization, possibly by a process that is distinct from the canonical Wnt-mediated signaling pathway. The protein also displayed efficacy in a model of chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis and may have therapeutic application in gastrointestinal diseases. 相似文献
10.
The "segmentation clock" is thought to coordinate sequential segmentation of the body axis in vertebrate embryos. This clock comprises a multicellular genetic network of synchronized oscillators, coupled by intercellular Delta-Notch signaling. How this synchrony is established and how its loss determines the position of segmentation defects in Delta and Notch mutants are unknown. We analyzed the clock's synchrony dynamics by varying strength and timing of Notch coupling in zebra-fish embryos with techniques for quantitative perturbation of gene function. We developed a physical theory based on coupled phase oscillators explaining the observed onset and rescue of segmentation defects, the clock's robustness against developmental noise, and a critical point beyond which synchrony decays. We conclude that synchrony among these genetic oscillators can be established by simultaneous initiation and self-organization and that the segmentation defect position is determined by the difference between coupling strength and noise. 相似文献
11.
目的 研究Notch1在肝癌组织及细胞中的表达并初步探讨Notch1下调后诱导肝癌细胞调亡的机制。方法 2016年3月至2016年9月于广东医科大学附属医院肝胆外科收集32例肝癌病人样本,利用qRT-PCR方法检测肝癌癌组织及癌旁组织中Notch1基因的表达,免疫组化检测组织中Notch1蛋白表达,siRNA沉默肝癌细胞Notch1表达,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,Western blot方法检测Notch1、Bcl2和Bax蛋白表达,统计分析Notch1表达水平与肝癌病人临床诊断指标甲胎蛋白（AFP）的相关性。结果 肝癌组织标本中Notch1高表达率为71.9%（23/32）,明显高于癌旁组织的28.1%（9/32）,差异具有显著统计学意义（P<0.01）;Pearson相关性分析显示,Notch1与AFP存在正相关性（R2=0.3376,P=0.0036）;免疫组化验证Notch1蛋白分别在肝癌癌组织样本中高表达和癌旁组织中低表达;siRNA干扰Notch1基因表达后,镜下发现肝癌细胞4401增殖抑制,流式检测示转染组明显凋亡,蛋白免疫印迹显示凋亡相关蛋白Bcl2蛋白下调、Bax表达上调。结论 Notch1与肝癌的发生、发展相关,下调Notch1可诱导肝癌细胞凋亡,同时Notch1还可作为临床治疗肝癌的潜在新靶点。 相似文献
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随着《长江三角洲地区区域规划》的出台,长三角地区进入了区域经济快速发展的时期。区域内2省1市如何协调彼此间利益冲突和竞争,整合各自资源以谋求共同发展成为了当前长三角区域经济的热点和难点问题。基于此,文章首先介绍了长三角区域协调发展的现状,继而分析了当前长三角区域合作的困境及成因,最后提出了构建长三角区域经济协调发展机制的策略。 相似文献
13.
Notch proteins are receptors for a conserved signaling pathway that affects numerous cell fate decisions. We found that in Drosophila, Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (OFUT1), an enzyme that glycosylates epidermal growth factor-like domains of Notch, also has a distinct Notch chaperone activity. OFUT1 is an endoplasmic reticulum protein, and its localization was essential for function in vivo. OFUT1 could bind to Notch, was required for the trafficking of wild-type Notch out of the endoplasmic reticulum, and could partially rescue defects in secretion and ligand binding associated with Notch point mutations. This ability of OFUT1 to facilitate folding of Notch did not require its fucosyltransferase activity. Thus, a glycosyltransferase can bind its substrate in the endoplasmic reticulum to facilitate normal folding. 相似文献
14.
Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Nemeth E Tuttle MS Powelson J Vaughn MB Donovan A Ward DM Ganz T Kaplan J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5704):2090-2093
Hepcidin is a peptide hormone secreted by the liver in response to iron loading and inflammation. Decreased hepcidin leads to tissue iron overload, whereas hepcidin overproduction leads to hypoferremia and the anemia of inflammation. Ferroportin is an iron exporter present on the surface of absorptive enterocytes, macrophages, hepatocytes, and placental cells. Here we report that hepcidin bound to ferroportin in tissue culture cells. After binding, ferroportin was internalized and degraded, leading to decreased export of cellular iron. The posttranslational regulation of ferroportin by hepcidin may thus complete a homeostatic loop: Iron regulates the secretion of hepcidin, which in turn controls the concentration of ferroportin on the cell surface. 相似文献
15.
Spacing differentiation in the developing Drosophila eye: a fibrinogen-related lateral inhibitor encoded by scabrous 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
In the development of multicellular organisms a diversity of cell types differentiate at specific positions. Spacing patterns, in which an array of two or more cell types forms from a uniform field of cells, are a common feature of development. Identical precursor cells may adopt different fates because of competition and inhibition between them. Such a pattern in the developing Drosophila eye is the evenly spaced array of R8 cells, around which other cell types are subsequently recruited. Genetic studies suggest that the scabrous mutation disrupts a signal produced by R8 cells that inhibits other cells from also becoming R8 cells. The scabrous locus was cloned, and it appears to encode a secreted protein partly related to the beta and gamma chains of fibrinogen. It is proposed that the sca locus encodes a lateral inhibitor of R8 differentiation. The roles of the Drosophila EGF-receptor homologue (DER) and Notch genes in this process were also investigated. 相似文献
16.
Oscillatory expression of the bHLH factor Hes1 regulated by a negative feedback loop 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hirata H Yoshiura S Ohtsuka T Bessho Y Harada T Yoshikawa K Kageyama R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5594):840-843
17.
Xotch, the Xenopus homolog of Drosophila notch 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
During the development of a vertebrate embryo, cell fate is determined by inductive signals passing between neighboring tissues. Such determinative interactions have been difficult to characterize fully without knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved. Mutations of Drosophila and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been isolated that define a family of related gene products involved in similar types of cellular inductions. One of these genes, the Notch gene from Drosophila, is involved with cell fate choices in the neurogenic region of the blastoderm, in the developing nervous system, and in the eye-antennal imaginal disc. Complementary DNA clones were isolated from Xenopus embryos with Notch DNA in order to investigate whether cell-cell interactions in vertebrate embryos also depend on Notch-like molecules. This approach identified a Xenopus molecule, Xotch, which is remarkably similar to Drosophila Notch in both structure and developmental expression. 相似文献
18.
Notch信号通路是一条进化上十分保守的信号转导系统,在调节干细胞增殖、分化和凋亡方面起到重要作用。研究表明,鹿生茸区骨膜和角柄骨膜分别含有鹿茸发生和再生的干细胞。应用RT-PCR的方法对离体培养生茸区骨膜和角柄骨膜细胞进行检测,得出Notch信号通路各信号因子在2种细胞中的表达情况。结果:Notch-1、Notch-2、Notch-4、Dll-4J、agged-1J、agged-2、Hes-1等信号因子在这2种干细胞中均有不同程度的表达,说明Notch信号通路可能参与了他们的增殖、分化的调控。 相似文献
19.
The molecular control of blood cell development 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
L Sachs 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4832):1374-1379
The establishment of a cell culture system for the clonal development of blood cells has made it possible to identify the proteins that regulate the growth and differentiation of different blood cell lineages and to discover the molecular basis of normal and abnormal cell development in blood forming tissues. A model system with myeloid blood cells has shown that (i) normal blood cells require different proteins to induce cell multiplication (growth inducers) and cell differentiation (differentiation inducers), (ii) there is a hierarchy of growth inducers as cells become more restricted in their developmental program, and (iii) a cascade of interactions between proteins determines the correct balance between immature and mature cells in normal blood cell development. Gene cloning has shown that there is a family of different genes for these proteins. Normal protein regulators of blood cell development can control the abnormal growth of certain types of leukemic cells and suppress malignancy by inducing differentiation to mature nondividing cells. Chromosome abnormalities that give rise to malignancy in these leukemic cells can be bypassed and their effects nullified by inducing differentiation, which stops cells from multiplying. These blood cell regulatory proteins are active in culture and in the body, and they can be used clinically to correct defects in blood cell development. 相似文献
20.
Fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) cells grow longitudinally in a manner dependent on a polarized distribution of their interphase microtubules. We found that this distribution required sliding of microtubules toward the cell center along preexisting microtubules. This sliding was mediated by the minus end-directed kinesin motor Klp2, which helped microtubules to become properly organized with plus ends predominantly oriented toward the cell ends and minus ends toward the cell center. Thus, interphase microtubules in the fission yeast require motor activities for their proper organization. 相似文献