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早霜影响无核白鸡心葡萄果实成熟和糖分积累.单因素随机区组施肥试验结果表明:在果园密度3120株/hm2的前提下,施用罗布泊农用硫酸钾可以提高无核白鸡心葡萄果实品质,最佳施肥量为525～675 kg/hm2,6月上旬和8月上旬分别施入1/2,果实糖度可达20.50,单粒鲜质量可达8.16 g. 相似文献
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研究了传统耕作和保护性耕作2种方式对玉米农田生态系统各碳库的影响规律,结果表明:与传统耕作方式相比,保护性耕作能有效提高玉米各器官生物量,整株生物量平均提高了2.15倍,各器官有机碳含量平均提高了11.4%,单株碳储量提高了2.56倍;保护性耕作能有效提高0～30 cm各土层有机碳储量,对0～10 cm土层范围内土壤有机碳含量影响程度明显,其碳含量较传统耕作提高近1倍;实施保护性耕作后,玉米农田生态系统各碳库碳储量呈现明显的增加趋势,玉米农田生态系统地上碳库、根系碳库、土壤碳库和总碳库碳储量分别达到了1 431.62 kg/hm2、364.79 kg/hm2、27 667 kg/hm2、29 463.66 kg/hm2,比传统耕作分别提高了263.6%、228.6%、62.7%、68.3%。 相似文献
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通过对国外橡胶树优良品种IAN873在西双版纳24年适应性观察研究,结果表明:该品种生长快,开割前年均增粗5.65cm,高于对照RRIM600(5.06cm)10.67%;林相整齐,开割时平均茎粗50.5cm,开割率80.2%,分别比对照高2.8cm和10.4%;产胶量中等,1-16割年平均干胶产量1 310kg/hm2,为对照RRIM600(1 969kg/hm2)的66.55%;年平均单株产量为4.0kg,略低于对照RRIM600(4.2kg/年.株)0.2kg;抗辐射寒害能力中等偏下,抗寒力小于GT1,但较RRIM600强;耐割性强,割胶16年后死皮发病率为15.79%,病指14.95,分别比对照(28.79%、27.58)轻13个百分点和12.63。 相似文献
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《经济林研究》2015,(4)
为了解施用绿源贝钙粉肥对早酥红梨果园土壤和早酥红梨树生长发育及果实品质的影响情况,设置绿源贝钙粉肥施用量分别为2、3、4 kg·L-1的3个施肥处理和1个对照处理(即不施用绿源贝钙粉肥)进行了田间试验。结果表明:加施了4 kg·L-1绿源贝有机钙粉肥的早酥红梨其果梗生长量比对照提高18.45%;百叶质量比对照提高66.51%;其果实纵径生长量比对照提高22.55%,其横径生长量比对照提高19.67%;其单果质量比对照提高58.81%;其果实中的固形物含量比对照提高18.97%。这一试验结果说明,绿源贝钙粉肥对早酥红梨的生长发育和果实品质均有明显的促进与改善作用。 相似文献
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有机碳肥对油茶林地土壤养分和产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为提高油茶林地土壤养分含量,改善土壤肥力水平,以盛产后期35年生油茶林地为研究对象,分别在不同试验点(遂昌县金竹镇早坞村、古楼村)施用液态有机碳肥75 kg/(hm2·a)+有机碳菌肥600 kg/(hm2·a),并以不施肥点作为对照,研究施有机碳肥对土壤养分含量的变化。结果表明:施肥1 a后,土壤有机质含量平均增加275.16%和193.35%;土壤中的水解氮平均增加了591.30%,1 038.59%;有效磷平均增加了3 078.83%,1 0332.38%;速效钾含量平均增加了177.59%,271.94%。施肥后的第2 a,油茶产量平均增加了31.02%,34.99%。可见,有机碳肥的施用确实能改善油茶林地土壤肥力水平,提高油茶产量,可在生产上推广应用。 相似文献
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为了研究不同复混肥对湿地松中龄林的施肥效应,以8年生湿地松林为研究对象,分别以施用2种普通复混肥和自制松树专用复混肥为施肥处理,各处理的施肥量均为700 g·株-1;同时以不施肥为对照,进行施肥对比试验。结果表明:3种不同施肥处理中,以自制松树专用复混肥对湿地松林分生长的促进作用最大;施肥3年后林分的平均胸径、树高、单株材积分别较对照增长3.1%、4.7%、10.0%;施肥3年后自制松树专用复混肥处理的平均胸径、单株材积与2种普通复混肥处理间均存在极显著差异,树高均有显著差异;施用有长效作用并具针对性的松树专用复混肥能获得较高的木材增产效益。 相似文献
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草果花期喷施激素对其坐果率与产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对草果花期分别采用NAA(50 mg/L)、2,4-D(20 mg/L)、GA(100 mg/L)、6-BA(100 mg/L)、爱多收(水剂,0.67 mL/L)、矮壮素(水剂,670 mL/L)、芸苔素(2000 mg/L)和2,4-D钠盐(250 mg/L)喷施,以清水为对照,分析了不同激素处理对草果坐果率及产量的影响。结果表明,(1)激素(含对照)对坐果率、单果重、单花序轴产量均具有极显著的差异影响,草果花期喷施激素后坐果率、单花序轴产量和单位面积产量都高于对照;(2)喷施2,4-D、2,4-D钠盐、6-BA和矮壮素后单位面积产量达4909.05 kg/hm2、4723.20 kg/hm2、4127.40 kg/hm2和4038.30 kg/hm2,分别比对照(239.25 kg/hm2)提高了1951.74%、1874.03%、1625.04%和1 587.78%,其中喷施2,4-D为生产中提高草果产量的最适激素。 相似文献
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山核桃投产林林下套种绿肥效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为增加山核桃投产林林下植被覆盖度、提高林地水土保持效果,增加土壤肥力,2008—2009年开展了山核桃林下套种1年生黑麦草、多年生黑麦草、白三叶、红三叶以及紫花苜蓿等5种绿肥,对其生物量、土壤有机质、林下昆虫多样性、果实产量和品质的影响进行研究(清耕为对照)。结果表明:(1)林下套种绿肥显著增加林下植被生物量,以1年生黑麦草效果为好,鲜质量和干质量分别达到55 000和9 420 kg/hm2,套种白三叶使土壤有机质增加了2.3 g/kg;(2)林下套种绿肥有利于增加害虫天敌数量和减少害虫密度,其中主要害虫山核桃蚜虫、山核桃花蕾蛆等害虫密度分别降低了57.14%和36.45%;(3)林下套种绿肥显著提高山核桃产量,套种平均产量为821.55kg/hm2,较对照增加12.46%,套种后果品品质也明显提高;(4)综合评价5种套种绿肥的效果后认为,山核桃林下以套种白三叶、1年生黑麦草和多年生黑麦草较好。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献