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1.
电子束辐照对美国红鱼肉挥发性风味成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了分析电子束辐照剂量对美国红鱼肉挥发性风味物质的影响。本文采用固相微萃取-气质联用技术,分离鉴定不同剂量电子束辐照后红鱼肉的挥发性风味成分。结果表明:(1)辐照后红鱼肉风味有一定变化,感官评分随辐照剂量的增加而有所降低;(2)红鱼肉经1、3、5、7、9kGy剂量处理,检出的挥发性风味成分由36种分别增加到52、46、65、55、55种;挥发性成分中羰基化合物及醇类物质的相对含量最高;辐照后挥发性醇类、酯类、芳香类物质相对含量降低,高剂量辐照后醛酮类、含硫含氮类化合物相对含量普遍增加,是导致气味改变的主要因素。总之,美国红鱼肉经低于5kGy剂量辐照后能较好的保持其原有风味,高剂量电子束辐照会导致异味的产生。 相似文献
2.
为了研究辐照和高温灭菌处理对风干武昌鱼鱼肉挥发性成分的影响,以风干武昌鱼为原料,对其分别进行2.2、4.4和6.6kGy剂量辐照及高温灭菌处理,并采用顶空-固相微萃取技术结合气质联用仪对挥发性成分进行鉴定。在风干武昌鱼、高温灭菌和三种剂量辐照的风干武昌鱼鱼肉中分别检测到53、27、35、46和42种成分。风干武昌鱼鱼肉挥发性成分中醛类、酮类和醇类所占比例最大,分别为42.31%、42.24%与8.05%。经过高温和三种剂量辐照的风干武昌鱼鱼肉总挥发性成分下降91.27%、5.23%、67.64%和35.26%。2.2kGy剂量辐照下己醛、2,5-辛二酮含量分别上升30.09%、33.13%;壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、反-2-辛烯醇的含量分别下降15.12%、2.41%、3.23%。因此,在挥发性成分的保留程度上,辐照灭菌要优于高温灭菌。这为选用合适的辐照灭菌保藏提供了试验数据。 相似文献
3.
为了探究辐照对甲鱼预制菜挥发性风味成分的影响,采用0、4.7、7.1、9.9 kGy剂量60Co-γ射线辐照处理甲鱼预制菜,通过感官评定并利用电子鼻结合顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析辐照前后挥发性风味成分的变化。结果表明,5 kGy以内剂量辐照对甲鱼预制菜的感官品质无明显影响,高于5 kGy会影响其气味和滋味,进而可能产生异味。辐照对甲鱼预制菜特征气味引起的差异主要表现在传感器响应值较高的芳香成分和有机硫化物、氮氧化合物、甲烷、醇类和醛酮类物质,利用主成分分析(PCA)和线性判别分析(LDA)能够有效区分经不同剂量辐照处理的甲鱼预制菜。4.7 kGy组与对照组气味差异较小,7.1、9.9 kGy组与对照组差异相对较大。不同剂量辐照后甲鱼预制菜挥发性成分的种类增加,醛类、酸类相对含量降低,烃类、芳香族类、酮类、酯类相对含量升高,醇类、含氮含硫及杂环类相对含量先降低后升高。相对气味活度值(ROAV)分析结果表明,壬醛、癸醛、辛醛、己醛、庚醛、1-辛烯-3-醇和2-戊基呋喃是甲鱼预制菜的关键风味成分,苯甲醛、苯乙醛、(E,E)-2, 4-癸二烯醛对其风味具有重要修饰作用。辐照后辛醛、己醛、1-辛烯-3-醇对甲鱼预制菜总体风味的贡献率降低,庚醛、2-戊基呋喃的贡献率先降低后增加,苯乙醛的贡献率增加并成为关键风味成分。因此,建议采用不超过5 kGy剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照处理甲鱼预制菜,在杀菌的同时最大限度保持其原有风味。本研究结果为辐照技术在甲鱼预制菜杀菌保鲜中的应用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
4.
为探索清香型高粱酒加速陈化的方法，利用60Co-γ射线辐照酒样，辐照剂量设置为0(CK)、1.51、3.14、4.65、7.37 kGy，检测酒样中挥发性成分，并进行感官评价。结果表明，高粱酒酯类含量随辐照剂量的增加先上升后下降，1.51 kGy和3.14 kGy处理对高粱酒陈化效果较好，辐照处理后己酸乙酯、庚酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯和柠檬烯等香味物质含量均有不同程度增加；辐照处理降低了有害化合物的数量与含量，且感官评价较CK好。清香型高粱酒陈化的适宜辐照剂量为1.5～3.0 kGy。综上所述，辐照处理可加速高粱酒的陈化，节省了传统繁琐的老熟工艺在时间与空间上的成本。本研究结果为利用γ射线辐照加速高粱酒陈化提供了理论支撑。 相似文献
5.
辐照对泡椒凤爪感官品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
辐照可以有效的控制泡椒凤爪中的乳酸菌含量,从而延长其货架期。本文根据相关的标准和调研,以色泽及形态（权重30%）、香气（权重30%）、质地及滋味（权重40%）为评价指标,制定了泡椒凤爪的感官分析标准,并用此标准对辐照处理后的泡椒凤爪进行了感官品质分析。结果表明贮藏3d后的3、5、8、12kGy辐照的样品,其感官评价结果与对照相比无显著差异,辐照剂量为10 kGy的样品感官评价结果还显著优于对照组。贮藏11d后,样品的感官品质也未降低。由此得出结论：辐照不会影响泡椒凤爪的感官品质,适当剂量的辐照还有助于提高泡椒凤爪的被接受程度。 相似文献
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7.
采取0、1、3、5 kGy不同剂量辐照低脂Mozzarella干酪,研究不同剂量辐照对其成熟过程中的理化指标和挥发性风味化合物的影响。结果表明:辐照对低脂Mozzarella干酪成熟过程中脂肪的含量、pH值4.6 SN、12%TCA SN有显著的影响(P0.05),对其它理化指标的影响均不显著(P0.05)。不同成熟期内,不同剂量辐照处理后对低脂Mozzarella干酪中挥发性风味化合物的影响不同,辐照对低脂Mozzarella干酪中的酮类、酸类、醇类、酚类、酯类的种类和含量影响较大,5kGy辐照后的影响大于其它辐照剂量处理的,对其它挥发性化合物的影响较小,不同辐照剂量与挥发性化合物形成之间没有特定的影响规律。 相似文献
8.
辐照处理对鲜切圆生菜减菌效果及品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究将60Co-γ辐照技术引入到圆生菜的鲜切加工过程,研究不同剂量辐照对圆生菜减菌效果及其营养和感官品质的影响,以达到延长鲜切圆生菜贮藏期的目的.结果表明:辐照对鲜切圆生菜具有显著的减菌效果.辐照剂量≥0.68 kGy的处理对圆生菜细菌、大肠菌群、霉菌和酵母均有显著的杀灭效果.辐照剂量≤2.32kGy的处理,圆生菜的失重率、可溶性固形物含量、亚硝酸盐含量在5％水平上无显著影响;对圆生菜在贮藏期间Vc含量的下降起延缓作用,对其色泽、气味、质地和滋味、组织状态等感官方面总体可接受性没有显著影响.因此,0.68 ～ 2.32kGy剂量范围内的辐照可有效控制鲜切圆生菜中的微生物而不影响其食用和感官品质,货架期可达6d.本文探索了辐照保鲜在鲜切菜生产加工过程中的可行性,为以后的研究提供了一定的科学依据. 相似文献
9.
超高压处理对鲜榨橙汁中主要香气成分的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为了了解超高压处理对鲜橙汁香气的影响,分析超高压处理后橙汁香气变化的原因。采用固相微萃取（Solid Phase Microextraction,SPME）方法对不同压力（100～500 MPa）超高压处理的鲜榨橙汁中的香气成分进行富集,并经气相色谱-质谱联用仪（Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS）检测分析,橙汁中的主要香气成分有：3种烯（柠檬烯、月桂烯、α-蒎烯）;2种醇（芳樟醇、α-松油醇）;3种醛（柠檬醛、辛醛、癸醛）;1种酮（香芹酮）;2种酯（丁酸乙酯、3-OH-己酸乙酯）,它们是构成橙汁的主要特征致香成分。通过定量检测分析发现：超高压处理对橙汁中的柠檬烯成分影响很显著,经500 MPa的压力处理15 min后其含量下降了75%,而月桂烯和α-蒎烯受高压影响较小;α-松油醇、香芹酮含量经高压处理后迅速增加;醛类特征香气成分基本不受高压影响;酯类成分在高压下会发生变化,但总体变化不显著。超高压处理橙汁使其中柠檬烯在高压下发生水合、氧化反应分别生成α-松油醇和香芹酮。超高压处理橙汁一般压力要大于300 MPa,而该文研究发现500 MPa处理会造成较多的香气损失,故橙汁超高压处理时的压力最好选择 400 MPa左右。 相似文献
10.
为了获得标准化的红薯干辐照灭菌工艺,本试验以γ射线与电子束为不同辐射源,就不同辐照剂量和剂量率对红薯干主要成分、外观品质和贮藏特性的影响开展研究。结果表明,经γ射线≥4 kGy剂量辐照,36℃恒温培养10 d或常温贮存90 d两种方式处理的红薯干;经γ射线≥6 kGy剂量辐照,36℃恒温培养30 d或常温贮存360 d两种方式处理的红薯干,均未检测出微生物。γ射线辐照处理后,红薯干的可溶性固形物、类胡萝卜素含量和感官指标均未发生显著变化。相同剂量下,剂量率越高对红薯干的外观影响越大。电子束剂量率高,辐照处理后的红薯干外观呈黄白色,发生了显著变化。红薯干货架期90 d的辐照灭菌最低有效剂量为4 kGy。本研究结果为红薯干辐照加工工艺的制定提供了依据。 相似文献
11.
Stability and sensory shelf life of orange juice pasteurized by continuous ohmic heating 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Electrical heating of food products provides rapid and uniform heating, resulting in less thermal damage to the product. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of ohmic heating on the stability of orange juice with comparison to conventional pasteurization. During storage at 4 degrees C, degradation curves of ascorbic acid followed a linear decrease pattern in both ohmic-heated and conventionally pasteurized orange juices. For five representative flavor compounds (decanal, octana, limonene, pinene, and myrcene), higher concentrations were measured during storage in the ohmic-heated orange juice than in conventionally pasteurized juice. Although residual pectin esterase activity remained negligible in both types of juices, particle size was lower in the ohmic-heated orange juice. The sensory shelf life was determined by using the Weibull-Hazard method. Although both thermal treatments prevented the growth of microorganisms for 105 days, the sensory shelf life of ohmic-treated orange juice was >100 days and was almost 2 times longer than that of conventionally pasteurized juice. 相似文献
12.
Del Pozo-Insfran D Balaban MO Talcott ST 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(15):5468-5473
Dense phase CO2 processing (DP-CO2) is a promising alternative to thermal pasteurization potentially inactivating microorganisms without affecting food phytochemicals or organoleptic characteristics. To demonstrate these effects, studies were conducted by changing processing pressure and CO2 concentration in relation to microbial destruction. Subsequent storage stability (10 weeks at 4 degrees C) of muscadine grape juice processed by DP-CO2 (34.5 MPa at 8% or 16% CO2) was evaluated and compared to a heat-pasteurized juice (75 degrees C, 15 s). Thermal pasteurization decreased anthocyanins (16%), soluble phenolics (26%), and antioxidant capacity (10%) whereas no changes were observed for both DP-CO2 juices. DP-CO2 juices also retained higher anthocyanins (335 mg/L), polyphenolics (473 mg/L), and antioxidant capacity (10.9 micromol of Trolox equivalents/mL) than thermally pasteurized juices at the end of storage. Insignificant differences in sensory attributes (color, flavor, aroma, and overall likeability) were observed between unprocessed and DP-CO2 juices, while significant differences were observed between unprocessed and heat-pasteurized juices. Panelists preferred DP-CO2 over heat-pasteurized juices throughout the first 6 weeks of storage, whereby the growth of yeast and mold adversely affected the juice aroma. Comparable microbial counts were observed between DP-CO2 and thermally pasteurized juices during the first 5 weeks of storage. DP-CO2 protected phytochemicals in muscadine juice during processing and storage without compromising microbial stability or sensory attributes over 5 weeks of storage. 相似文献
13.
The occurrence of methional in fresh orange juice, and possible occurrence of beta-damascenone in heated orange juice, has been previously suggested. Here we report on the occurrence of 2-methyl-3-furanthiol in the headspace, collected by solid-phase micro-extraction, of fresh, pasteurized, and stored orange juice. The contents of 2-methyl-3-furanthiol and methional were quantified, and the relative level of beta-damascenone was estimated, in the headspace of fresh, pasteurized, and stored orange juices using the nasal impact frequency (NIF) and surface of NIF (SNIF) GC-Olfactometry procedure. 2-Methyl-3-furanthiol concentrations were 2 ng/L in fresh and pasteurized Shamuti orange juice, and 270 ng/L in stored juice of the same variety. Methional concentrations were 550, 830, and 11,550 ng/L in fresh, pasteurized, and stored pasteurized juices, respectively. beta-Damascenone content appeared to have increased during pasteurization and storage. Aroma-similarity experiments strongly suggest that 2-methyl-3-furanthiol and methional, at the levels found in stored orange juice (21 days at 35 degrees C), contribute to stored orange juice off-flavor. 相似文献
15.
Freshly squeezed orange juice aroma is due to a complex mixture of volatile compounds as it lacks a specific character impact compound. Fresh hand-extracted juice is unstable, and thermal processing is required to reduce enzyme and microbial activity. Heating protocols range from the lightly heated not from concentrate, NFC, to the twice heated, reconstituted from concentrate, RFC, juices. Thermal processing profoundly effects aroma composition. Aroma volatiles are further altered by subsequent time-temperature storage conditions. Heating reduces levels of reactive aroma impact compounds such as neral and geranial, and creates off-flavors or their precursors from Maillard, Strecker, and acid catalyzed hydration reactions. Off-flavors such as 4-vinylguaiacol, p-cymene, and carvone are the products of chemical reactions. Other off-flavors such as butane-2,3-dione, guaiacol, and 2,6-dichlorophenol are indicators of microbial contaminations. Since most orange juice consumed worldwide is processed, the goal of this review is to summarize the widely scattered reports on orange juice aroma differences in the three major juice products and subsequent aroma changes due to packaging, storage, and microbial contamination with special emphasis on results from GC-O studies. 相似文献
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The influence of thermal treatment on black currant juice aroma was investigated in temperature and time ranges relevant for black currant juice concentration processes, namely, 45, 60, 75, and 90 degrees C. Forty-nine aroma compounds were quantified, and the thermal treatment resulted in concentration increases of most terpenes, aldehydes, furans, and phenols, whereas the concentration of esters slightly decreased. Higher temperatures and longer exposure times had larger effects on the aroma compounds. Odor triangle tests showed no sensory difference between pasteurized juice and juice heated at 60 degrees C, whereas juice heated at 90 degrees C differed significantly from pasteurized juice. It is concluded that a 90 degrees C thermal treatment of black currant juice, which is in the temperature range used for conventional evaporation of black currant juice, has an effect on the aroma and sensory properties. 相似文献
18.
Effect of processing techniques at industrial scale on orange juice antioxidant and beneficial health compounds 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
Phenolic compounds, vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid and L-dehydroascorbic acid), and antioxidant capacity were evaluated in orange juices manufactured by different techniques. Five processes at industrial scale (squeezing, mild pasteurization, standard pasteurization, concentration, and freezing) used in commercial orange juice manufacturing were studied. In addition, domestic squeezing (a hand processing technique) was compared with commercial squeezing (an industrial FMC single-strength extraction) to evaluate their influences on health components of orange juice. Whole orange juice was divided into soluble and cloud fractions after centrifugation. Total and individual phenolics were analyzed in both fractions by HPLC. Commercial squeezing extracted 22% more phenolics than hand squeezing. The freezing process caused a dramatic decrease in phenolics, whereas the concentration process caused a mild precipitation of these compounds to the juice cloud. In pulp, pasteurization led to degradation of several phenolic compounds, that is, caffeic acid derivatives, vicenin 2 (apigenin 6,8-di-C-glucoside), and narirutin (5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone-7-rutinoside) with losses of 34.5, 30.7, and 28%, respectively. Regarding vitamin C, orange juice produced by commercial squeezing contained 25% more of this compound than domestic squeezing. Mild and standard pasteurization slightly increased the total vitamin C content as the contribution from the orange solids parts, whereas concentration and freezing did not show significant changes. The content of L-ascorbic acid provided 77-96% of the total antioxidant capacity of orange juice. Mild pasteurization, standard pasteurization, concentration, and freezing did not affect the total antioxidant capacity of juice, but they did, however, in pulp, where it was reduced by 47%. 相似文献
19.
Perez-Cacho PR Mahattanatawee K Smoot JM Rouseff R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(14):5761-5767
The purpose of this study was to understand why some canned orange juices are not perceived as orange juice. Sensory flavor profile data indicated that the primary odor (orthonasal) attributes were tropical fruit/grapefruit, cooked/caramel, musty, and medicine. By comparison fresh-squeezed juice lacked these odor attributes. GC-O analysis found 43 odor-active components in canned juices. Eight of these aroma volatiles were sulfur based. Four of the 12 most intense aroma peaks were sulfur compounds that included methanethiol, 1-p-menth-1-ene-8-thiol, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, and dimethyl trisulfide. The other most intense odorants included 7-methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene (myrcene), octanal, 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol), 2-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (homofuraneol), (E)-non-2-enal, (E,E)-deca-2,4-dienal, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin), and alpha-sinensal. Odorants probably responsible for the undesirable sensory attributes included grapefruit (1-p-menth-1-ene-8-thiol), cooked [2-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (Furaneol), and 3-(methylthio)propanal (methional)], musty [7-methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene and (E)-non-2-enal], and medicine (2-methoxyphenol). The canned juices also lacked several aldehydes and esters normally found in fresh orange juice. 相似文献