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1.
颗粒形混合农产品的图像检测与分类 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
颗粒形农产品种类繁多,多种产品混杂在一起的事经常发生,如何将各种产品检测与分类是一个重要研究课题。该文利用计算机视觉技术,实现了大米、黄豆、绿豆颗粒形混合产品的图像检测与分类。首先对获取的图像进行二值化处理,利用形态学分水?算法对粘连颗粒进行分割处理,利用八邻域分析方法提取目标连通区域边缘并标记,最后提取各颗粒的形状特征参数与颜色特征参数,将提取的特征参数与大米、黄豆、绿豆颗粒形产品的标准参数进行比较,实现了颗粒形混合产品的检测与分类。该算法的分类精度达95.6%,对颗粒形农产品自动检测应用具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
2.
激光粒度仪与沉降一吸管法测定褐土颗粒组成的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤颗粒组成是土壤的基本物理属性之一,沉降—吸管法是传统土壤颗粒分析的主要方法,激光粒度仪法是近年来新兴的粒度分析方法。为了研究二者的差异,选取了23个黏粒含量差异较大的褐土样品,采用上述两种方法对土样进行了分析。结果表明:激光粒度仪检测<0.002mm颗粒含量低于吸管法,但二者有较好的相关性,决定系数为0.97;在检测<0.02mm颗粒含量时两者比较接近,并且相关性很好,决定系数为0.99;检测<0.05mm颗粒含量时两者也比较接近,决定系数为0.91。激光粒度仪检测结果通过转换模型修正后,可以较好地反映褐土土壤颗粒组成情况。 相似文献
3.
基于MFICSC算法的生菜图像目标聚类分割 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
生菜图像目标分割是基于图像处理的生菜生理信息无损检测的前提。为了解决因生菜富含水分使得图像采集镜头反光而导致生菜叶片图像灰度分布不均的问题,该文采用一种修正的图像灰度均衡算法对生菜图像进行灰度均衡处理,应用混合模糊类间分离聚类算法(MFICSC)进行生菜图像目标分割,使总体类间距离最大化,能够同时生成模糊隶属度和典型值,对处理噪声数据和克服一致性聚类问题均表现良好。分别采用MFICSC算法和Otsu算法进行了生菜图像目标分割对比试验,结果表明MFICSC算法具有较好的聚类准确度,效果优于传统Otsu分割算法。 相似文献
4.
[目的]对新疆艾勒逊乌拉沙漠表层沉积物粒度特征进行研究,旨在了解其地表沉积物粒度特征及影响沉积物粒度分布的因素。[方法]对沙漠及沙丘表层沉积物粒度进行粒级划分,并对粒度参数、分形维数分析。[结果](1)研究区表层沉积物平均粒径为284.63μm,中砂为主,占48.93%;偏度为-0.18,呈负偏,距沙源近,搬运介质动力强;分选系数为1.10,分选性极好;峰度值为1.01,属常峰态,沉积物颗粒分布较均匀。(2)流动性沙丘和半固定沙丘表层沉积物偏度值分别为-0.13和-0.08,分别呈负偏、中等,两类沙丘粗砂砾较多;分选系数分别为1.66和1.76,均呈中等,沉积物粒度分布较均匀;峰度值分别为1.10和1.12,为常峰态和较窄峰,说明沙丘的粗颗粒沉积物在沙漠中相对集中。(3)流动性沙丘和半固定沙丘从迎风坡底到背风坡底表层沉积物的粒度平均粒径值依次分别为289.58,310.44,290.92,277.64,275.36μm和310.34,306.68,337.78,290.36,277.68μm,两类沙丘粗颗粒沉积物均集中在迎风坡。半固定沙丘迎风坡粗颗粒沉积物含量高于流动性沙丘迎风坡粗颗粒... 相似文献
5.
采用数字显微系统测定了部分华南地区土壤中粘土颗粒粒径分布分形维数值,提出了土壤中粘土颗粒群粒度分布分形维数的几何法计算模型,并就这种分形维数与土壤比表面积和土壤透气性等性质的相互关系作了初步探讨。结果表明,采用数字显微系统测定的粘土颗粒粒径分布分形维数值介于2.2708到2.9483之间,与常规方法测定结果吻合;含砂较多的土壤样品,BET比表面积和Blaine透气时间随粒度分布分形维数值增大而减小;含粘粒较多的土壤样品,BET比表面积和Blaine透气时间同随粒度分布分形维数值增大而增大。 相似文献
6.
为实现烟叶采收后初加工过程打叶质量的实时监测与调控,该文采用图像分析法在线检测烟叶打后叶片结构,即叶片面积分布,应用分形理论建立烟叶打后叶片面积分布的分形模型,用分维数表征叶片面积分布特征。结果表明:分形模式计算的打后叶片面积分布结果与实测值相关系数较高,粒度分形模式可较准确描述烟叶打后叶片面积分布;分维数可表征打后叶片面积分布均匀程度,可反映出不同等级烟叶打叶特性差异;分维数与目前打叶过程的主要工艺控制指标大中片率成线性关系,相关系数大于0.90。基于图像法和粒度分形模型建立的打叶过程烟叶结构在线检测方法,可用于打叶质量的实时监测与调控。 相似文献
7.
为了快速准确获取大面积农田图像信息，提高保护性耕作秸秆还田监测效率和准确性，该研究提出一种基于优化SIFT(scale-invariantfeaturetransform)算法的农田航拍全景图像快速拼接方法。首先对高分辨率图像进行降采样处理，针对图像的重叠区域进行有效检测；然后采用基于梯度归一化的特征描述符对特征点进行匹配，同时通过渐进样本一致算法去除误匹配，精准计算拼接转换模型；最后采用基于最佳拼接线的多分辨率融合算法进行图像融合，得到全景拼接图像。试验结果表明：该文方法在图像配准阶段与传统SIFT算法和SURF(speeded up robust feature)算法相比，特征点数量分别减少了97%和90%，运行时间减少了94%和69%，平均匹配效率为65.17%，约为SIFT算法的4倍，SURF算法的9倍；与APAP(ss-projective-as-possible)、SPHP(shape-preserving half-projective)和AANAP(adaptive as-natural-as-possible)算法相比，该方法拼接图像的信息熵、平均梯度和图像对比度均有... 相似文献
8.
东柳沟流域表土粒度分布特征及可风蚀性研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
区域表土粒度分布特征可反映该区环境特征,研究风水复合侵蚀区小流域内部表土粒度分布特征,可为探究风水两相侵蚀作用机理提供一定的理论依据。通过野外表土空间采样和室内测定,对地处风水复合侵蚀区的东柳沟流域的表土粒度分布特征及其可风蚀性进行研究,结果表明:东柳沟流域各种土地利用类型的表土粒径主要为细砂粒(50~250μm),体积分数为56.59%~86.65%,属于风沙土。流域不同土地利用类型表土粒度性质存在显著差异,草地、农地、灌木地的平均粒径(Mz)分别为77.60,81.66,87.85μm,颗粒级配较细,而沙地、河道的Mz分别为126.36,151.80μm,颗粒级配较粗;流域表土粒径大部分表现出正偏和窄峰,颗粒分布较集中。从流域上游到中游,表土粒度表现出明显的粗化现象,具体表现为:除河道外,上游各土地利用类型表土的Mz均显著小于中下游(P0.05)。而在流域中游,除草地、河道之外,其他土地利用类型的Mz与沙地之间没有显著性差异。对流域表土的可风蚀性颗粒分析结果表明,自上游到中游的各土地利用类型的易风蚀颗粒含量显著增加,草地、农地、灌木、河道分别增加了44.4%,54.23%,48.84%,33.76%。结论表明,流域中游是表土粒度分布最复杂、风蚀作用最强烈的区域,同时也是风蚀与水蚀叠加作用最为频繁的区域。 相似文献
9.
弱光复杂背景下基于MSER和HCA的树上绿色柑橘检测 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
基于图像处理和机器视觉的树上绿色柑橘检测,能为果园管理者施肥、估产及采摘作业提供指导.该文提出一种基于水果表面光照分布的分层轮廓分析(hierarchical Contour Analysis,HCA)算法实现了树上绿色柑橘的检测.彩色数码相机拍摄弱光下由闪光灯补光的树上柑橘场景彩色图像,基于水果表面的光照分布应用最大稳定极值区域(maximally stable extremal region,MSER)算法提取图像中的感兴趣区域,然后建立感兴趣区域周围的分层轮廓图,并利用霍夫变换拟合每一级轮廓获得分层圆形目标,最后进行拟合圆嵌套分析得到绿色柑橘水果目标.所提算法在20张复杂的柑橘果园场景图像中进行了测试,最终的召回率达81.2%,查准率达到83.5%,单幅图像平均处理时间为3.70 s.该文所提出的基于光照分布的分层轮廓分析算法,不仅适用于绿色柑橘的检测,也可为其他树上绿色水果检测提供通用的框架和思路. 相似文献
10.
机器视觉系统在桔瓣质量检测中的应用 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
开发了一套罐装线实时在线质量检测视觉系统，用于装罐前桔瓣上头发等细长形杂质检测，以保证产品质量。硬件系统采用了6台彩色CCD摄像头，两台计算机的处理结构。软件系统依据杂质和背景在颜色分布及形状大小等特征上的差异进行分离，其核心是一种用于二值图像特征区域提取的新型连通算子—面积重构算子，利用该算子平滑图像时不破坏对象轮廓完整的优点，结合改进的区域生长、区域消减等算法，形成了一套完整的检测算法。试验显示系统处理能力约30片/s，错误率仅2%。该系统能满足实时生产准确性和在线处理的要求，为其实用化、商品化奠定了基础。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献