共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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P.T. Tueller 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(4):160-167
Remote sensing techniques hold considerable promise for the inventory and monitoring of natural resources on range‐lands. A significant lack of information concerning basic spectral characteristics of range vegetation and soils has resulted in a lack of rangeland applications. To use remote sensing technology for measuring vegetation and soil changes on rangelands, certain things must be accomplished. First, the spectral characteristics of scene components must be determined for the various vegetation types. Second, determinations must be made of the appropriate kinds of remotely sensed data that should be used for the task. And finally, procedures must be outlined for acquiring the remotely sensed data that will measure changes in the range vegetation and soils. The interpretation of the remotely sensed data for such monitoring purposes will depend upon the use of various vegetation indices, pixel modelling and appropriate statistical tests. The parameters of interest for range condition must be identified and a means of measuring them either directly or indirectly developed. The paper describes an approach to the use of remotely sensed data to accomplish rangeland monitoring. 相似文献
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3S技术是以遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)、全球定位系统(GPS)为基础,与其他高新技术有机地整合而形成一项新的有蹄类栖息地监测综合方法。全球定位系统(GPS)数据可以显著地提高RS识别地物的能力,为GIS提供数据源。应用地理信息系统(GIS)可以对有蹄类动物栖息地的状况进行评估,自动绘制有蹄类动物的分布图等。遥感(RS)是GIS数据库的数据源。3S技术在将来的野生动物栖息地监测研究中会有更大的发展潜力。 相似文献
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草原产草量遥感估算方法发展趋势及影响因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
草原产草量估算是实行以草定畜、草畜平衡管理的前提条件。遥感模型方法是目前从宏观上用于估算产草量的有效方法。该研究对遥感估算方法进行了详细阐述,并针对国内外的研究现状,分别讨论了基于遥感的统计模型法、综合模型法和其它相关方法,分析了不同方法的优缺点,探讨了建模过程中的影响因素,最后对产草量遥感估算方法的发展趋势及前景进行了展望。遥感模型法中的统计模型仍是今后大面积估产中应用的重点,而遥感模型法中的综合模型在今后草地生物量估算中将有很大的发展潜力,新的数学方法的不断探索和多种相关模型的不断融合将实现从微观形成机制的研究到宏观产量形成模拟的一体化方面有着重要的前景。 相似文献
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Arthur P. Cracknell 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1991,11(3-4):315-323
An attempt is made to give a realistic appraisal of the possibilities and shortcomings of remote sensing techniques in the context of detecting habitat changes.
Consideration has to be given to the various spatial scales at which remote sensing data are exploited, and to the relationship between the size of the object of an investigation and the intrinsic limitations on the ground resolution (instantaneous field of view, IFOV) of the detecting system. Features larger than the IFOV are commonly studied and, in certain circumstances, features that are smaller than the IFOV can also be detected. However, the question of obtaining information about objects or features that are very small compared with the IFOV is much more difficult. Examples include sheep distribution, locust prediction and the development of toxic algal blooms at sea. The monitoring of blooms, once they have begun to appear, is now feasible. However, it is much more difficult to study the conditions leading to the development of blooms and to give advance warning of their growth. The study of this type of problem is still in its infancy.
The other question that has to be addressed concerns the timeliness of the extraction of information from remotely sensed data. With the exception of the meteorological community, the philosophy for the last decade or two has been simply to capture remotely sensed data from satellites, to archive it on magnetic tape and to hope that someone, somewhere, someday, will retrieve the data from the archive, analyse it and possibly make use of it. In many applications of remotely sensed data, such as oil pollution monitoring, agricultural yield prediction, and epidemic and plague prevention, the remotely sensed data must be analysed, interpreted and the results distributed to the end users in something approaching real time. It is pointless, other than as an academic exercise, to predict a plague or epidemic 5 years after it has happened! 相似文献
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基于3S技术的草地退化动态监测系统设计 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
草地科学的基础性研究与“3S”技术相结合,使得宏观管理和监测草地的动态变化成为现实。为解决大中尺度草地、草场管理与退化监测中信息的获取、管理和空间分析、决策等问题,以遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统“3S”为核心,以山丹县草地草场退化现状为应用背景,从系统目标、系统的总体功能和结构,系统实现的软、硬件支撑环境等方面探讨了黑河中上游典型地区草地草场退化动态监测系统的初步设计及其应用,旨在为科学的评价与宏观监测草地草场退化,改善草地生态环境和促进草地生产经营和现代化管理提供决策支持。 相似文献
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基于遥感资料的植被类型划分能快速获得大尺度的植被覆盖变化数据。采用遥感和GIS技术,利用天山北坡典型草地2008年Landsat 5 TM遥感影像和1999年Landsat 7 ETM+全色波段数据,在对遥感影像预处理的基础上,进行了数据融合处理。根据融合影像的纹理特征进行监督分类,将研究区域的植被初步分为8种主要覆盖类型,在监督分类的基础上借助专家知识系统构建决策树,进一步将草地分为5类,包括平原荒漠、平原沙漠、低山荒漠、温性草甸和高寒草甸,最后对分类结果进行精度评价,总精度在95%以上,总Kappa系数为0.939 6,间隔9年的影像融合和决策树分类方法在研究区植被分类中具有较高的可行性。 相似文献
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Eradication of Aujeszky's disease from a large-scale pig farm by the 'test-and-cull' eradication procedure based on the use of gene-deleted vaccines and serological monitoring using gE ELISA is described. Aujeszky's disease free status was successfully achieved on a farrow-to-finish type farm characterised by three difficulties interfering with the success of eradication: (i) weaned (30-day-old) piglets remained in the farrowing house until 65 days of age; (ii) the farm did not use nursery rearing; (iii) fatteners were kept together with the breeding gilts. Thus, the immunisation programme had to be adjusted to the management technology used on the farm, and by regular serological monitoring it had to be periodically modified to make it suitable for attaining the goals. This meant that breeding animal candidates of a wide age range and kept in the same air space had to be provided with a continuously high-level immunity by regular vaccination sufficient even for rectifying potential human errors. The immunisation programme was designed by taking into consideration the disappearance of maternal immunity, and a strict vaccination programme was applied during the rearing of breeding gilts kept together with the fattening pigs. Frequent immunisation applied during the rearing of the own breeding animal replacements proved to be of decisive importance for the eradication of Aujeszky's disease from the entire herd. In addition to the accurate implementation of the vaccination programme, regular serological monitoring also made a major contribution to the success of eradication. 相似文献
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Preparedness for an incursion of an exotic animal disease is of key importance to government, industry, producers and the Australian community. An important aspect of Australia's preparedness for a possible incursion of foot-and-mouth disease is investigation into the likely effectiveness and cost-efficiency of eradication strategies when applied to different regional outbreak scenarios. Disease modelling is a tool that can be used to study diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease to better understand potential disease spread and control under different conditions. The Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry has been involved with epidemiologic simulation modelling for more than 10 years, and has developed a sophisticated spatial model for foot-and-mouth disease (AusSpread) that operates within a geographic information system framework. The model accommodates real farm boundary or point-location data, as well as synthesised data based on agricultural census and land use information. The model also allows for interactions between herds or flocks of different animal species and production type, and considers the role that such interactions are likely to play in the epidemiology of a regional outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease. The user can choose mitigations and eradication strategies from those that are currently described in Australia's veterinary emergency plan. The model also allows the user to evaluate the impact of constraints on the availability of resources for mitigations or eradication measures. Outputs include a range of maps and tabulated outbreak statistics describing the geographic extent of the outbreak and its duration, the numbers of affected, slaughtered, and, as relevant, vaccinated herds or flocks, and the cost of control and eradication. Cost-related outputs are based on budgets of the value of stock and the cost of mitigations, each of which can be varied by the user. These outputs are a valuable resource to assist with policy development and disease management. 相似文献
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基于GIS牧草种植管理专家系统的分析与设计 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
介绍了牧草种植管理专家系统 (Expert System, ES)的结构体系与设计思路.系统基于地理信息系统 (GIS)、数据库管理系统(SQL server),建立以遥感图像数据、土壤养分数据、专题地图矢量数据、自然地理条件因子等为主体的数据库;由专业经验及领域知识建立了决策库;由相关模型建立模型库,将这4个库通过程序代码有机的整合在一起,形成4库一体化专家系统结构.实现了在牧草种植地区草种信息咨询服务,牧草种植优化配置分析,适宜性评价及预测预报,退耕还草的空间分布及其面积的估测等功能. 相似文献
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Spatial epidemiological tools are increasingly being applied to emerging viral zoonoses (EVZ), partly because of improving analytical methods and technologies for data capture and management, and partly because the demand is growing for more objective ways of allocating limited resources in the face of the emerging threat posed by these diseases. This review documents applications of geographical information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and spatially-explicit statistical and mathematical models to epidemiological studies of EVZ.Landscape epidemiology uses statistical associations between environmental variables and diseases to study and predict their spatial distributions. Phylogeography augments epidemiological knowledge by studying the evolution of viral genetics through space and time. Cluster detection and early warning systems assist surveillance and can permit timely interventions. Advanced statistical models can accommodate spatial dependence present in epidemiological datasets and can permit assessment of uncertainties in disease data and predictions. Mathematical models are particularly useful for testing and comparing alternative control strategies, whereas spatial decision-support systems integrate a variety of spatial epidemiological tools to facilitate widespread dissemination and interpretation of disease data. Improved spatial data collection systems and greater practical application of spatial epidemiological tools should be applied in real-world scenarios. 相似文献
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The eradication of BSE is proving to be a lengthy task. Undisputedly, it has become one of the highest priority tasks of the Veterinary Services in Europe since the disease first occurred in the mid eighties. However, the effects of the ongoing eradication effort also impair important economic agricultural sectors. Risk analysis has never before been such a critical tool in the decision-making processes for eradication of animal diseases, despite the problem that many risk analyses are being conducted in the face of incomplete knowledge about BSE. In the focus are the measures minimizing the risk for humans (such as the ban on specified risk material) and the measures implemented to prevent the spread of the disease in animals with the ban on feeding meat and bone meal to ruminants. Due to the long incubation period, implementation of insufficient measures may not be noticed for many years. Implementation of drastic measures is needed, if the eradication of the disease is to be pursued purposefully. 相似文献
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天然草地牧草营养品质的优劣不仅影响家畜的生长发育,同时也影响畜产品的品质,对草牧业的发展具有至关重要的意义。高光谱遥感技术的飞速发展使深入研究天然草地牧草品质的动态变化成为可能。本研究综述了目前可利用的高光谱遥感数据以及天然草地牧草营养品质遥感反演的主要成果、常用方法和最新研究动态,分析了我国在天然草地牧草营养品质监测与评价方面尚存在数据获取困难、相关研究缺乏、软硬件性能不足等问题;在多种观测平台及相关技术不断革新背景下,探索星载、机载和地面高光谱数据的有机结合,强化高光谱遥感仪器性能,提高关键营养成分的反演精度是未来研究的重点。 相似文献
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EOS-MODIS数据在草地资源监测中的应用进展综述 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
简要介绍了美国对地观测系列卫星(Earth Observing Satellites, EOS)及其中分辨率成像光谱仪(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS)数据在遥感方面的应用,总结了近年来MODIS数据在草地资源监测领域的研究成果,指出了利用MODIS数据进行监测与其他遥感卫星监测有不可比拟的优越性,着重介绍了MODIS数据在草地上进行植被动态、雪灾监测、火灾监测、病虫害监测等领域监测中应用的一般原理,并与应用甚高分辨率辐射仪(The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, AVHRR)遥感监测进行对比.从理论上、技术上和实践上证明MODIS数据在各领域监测中的监测能力及可行性,目的在于为MODIS遥感监测工作提供一种有益的启示,以期为及时、准确监测预报提供借鉴和参考. 相似文献
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高分一号卫星数据在内蒙古草原遥感监测研究中的应用前景 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(11):27-27
内蒙古天然草地资源丰富,占全国草地面积的22%,目前草原遥感研究采用的数据在精度和效率上不能完全满足内蒙古自治区草原遥感研究与大面积应用需求。介绍了高分一号卫星数据长时效、高时空分辨率、大幅宽、高效能的特点,分析了其在草地分类,面积监测,生产力监测,牧草品质监测,病虫、鼠害监测及草地生态安全业务化监测体系研究中的应用前景。 相似文献
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智慧养殖业是指运用电子信息技术和先进管理理念,对养殖生产全过程进行智能化管理和优化,以提高养殖效益和产品质量。智慧养殖业中应用到的电子信息技术有以下几种。（1）物联网（IoT）技术：通过在养殖场安装传感器和监控设备,实时收集养殖场的环境数据,实时监测动物的生长状况、行为习惯等,为养殖场提供精准的数据支持。（2）大数据分析技术：通过数据分析发现养殖动物的生长规律、疫病预防和控制要点等,从而提高养殖效益。（3）人工智能（AI）技术：对养殖数据进行智能分析,实现对养殖场的自动化管理;通过人工智能技术进行疫病诊断,自动识别患病动物并采取相应措施,降低疫病传播风险。（4）移动互联网技术：实现养殖场信息的实时传递和共享,方便养殖户、兽医、专家等各方进行沟通交流,为养殖户提供智能服务。（5）云计算技术：将养殖场的数据存储在云端,实现数据的集中管理和高效利用;以为养殖场提供强大的计算能力,支持复杂的数据分析和模拟。（6）3S 技术（遥感技术、地理信息系统、全球定位系统）：对养殖场的地形、地貌、土壤等进行全面调查,为养殖场选址、规划和管理提供科学依据。总之,电子信息技术在智慧养殖业中的应用,有助于提高养殖生产效率,降低生产成本,并保障养殖产品的质量安全。 相似文献