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1.
【目的】晚播、增密、减氮是长江流域棉花生产通过缩短生产周期来降低人工成本和物化成本的有效途径,适宜的播种时间是麦/油后直播棉花产量形成的重要影响因子,但是适宜的播期及晚播下限的研究未见报道。【方法】2018年和2019年在湖北省主产棉区4个试验点进行播期试验,试验设5个播期处理,分别为5月20日、5月25日、5月30日、6月4日、6月9日,在高密度、低氮条件下,研究不同播种时间对棉花生育进程、田间长势长相、产量和品质的影响。【结果】推迟播种可通过缩短播种出苗期和苗期加速棉花生育进程,全生育期缩短,纤维品质稳定。但是,随播期推迟,伏桃数量、单株铃数、单位面积成铃数、籽棉产量及成熟期吐絮率下降。特别是过迟播种,单位面积成铃数、10月20日吐絮率及产量会显著下降。【结论】长江流域相似棉区麦/油后直播模式最适播期建议在5月25日左右,以不晚于6月4日为宜。  相似文献   

2.
【目的】探索播期与打顶时间对麦(油)后直播短季棉产量、产量特性及纤维品质的影响。【方法】以中棉所50为材料,采用裂区设计,研究不同播期(月-日)(S_1,05-25;S_2,06-10)和打顶时间(月-日)(T_1,07-30;T_2,08-07;T_3,08-15)对长江流域下游植棉区麦(油)后直播短季棉产量和纤维品质的影响。【结果】播期间,皮棉产量和霜前花率及铃数、铃重和衣分均以S_2条件下较低;果枝数和果节数以S_2条件下较低而成铃率以S_1较低。打顶时间间,皮棉产量和霜前花率随打顶时间推迟而降低;果枝数、果节数及节枝比随打顶时间推迟增加而成铃率降低。互作显示,皮棉产量与霜前花率均以S_1T_1处理较高;果枝数和果节数以S_1T_1、S_1T_2和S_1T_3处理较高,成铃率以S_2T_1和S_1T_1较高。相关性分析表明,皮棉产量与果枝数、果节数、铃数显著正相关,但与节枝比、成铃率相关不显著。此外,播期间,以S_2条件下棉株下部和中部果枝成铃分布比例较高而上部较低;打顶时间间,下部和中部果枝成铃分布比例随打顶时间推迟降低而上部增加。就棉铃纤维品质而言,S_1T_1处理不同果枝部位棉铃的纤维长度、纤维比强度和中部马克隆值均较优。【结论】长江流域下游植棉区,麦(油)后直播短季棉于5月25日播种、7月底打顶有利于其高产、稳产和优质。  相似文献   

3.
淮北地区晚播麦的生育特性研究及配套栽培技术   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
以不同类型品种小麦为研究对象,通过设置不同播期处理,研究了江苏淮北地区小麦播期推迟对冬前麦苗素质、全生育期及生育进程及产量构成的影响.结果表明：随着播期的推迟,小麦均出现了全生育期缩短,生育进程推迟,穗分化时间缩短的趋势.晚播麦产量构成表现为亩穗数增加,每穗粒数和千粒重减少,最终产量下降,其中每穗粒数的减少是产量下降的主要因素.通过选用穗粒中间型品种,提高播种质量,注重返青期及剑叶露尖期的田间管理,晚播麦仍可获得380kg/667m2左右的产量.  相似文献   

4.
《棉花学报》2021,33(4)
【目的】研究长江流域棉区麦棉两熟种植制度下,不同种植模式对棉花产量、种植效益及氮素利用率的影响,为棉花高产高效生产提供依据。【方法】采用裂区设计,研究麦后棉花不同种植方式(育苗移栽和直播)、品种(中熟和早熟)和氮肥运筹(不施氮和适宜氮肥运筹)对其生育进程、生物量累积与分配、产量、种植效益与氮素利用率的影响。【结果】与育苗移栽方式相比,直播棉花生育进程快,尤其苗期缩短10～17 d;直播棉花生育中后期生物量和氮素累积量较高,且经济系数均以早熟品种较高。适宜氮肥运筹下,直播早熟品种与移栽中熟品种霜前皮棉产量均较高,且两者间差异不显著。适宜氮肥运筹下,移栽棉花的籽棉产值是直播方式的1.0～1.2倍,总成本是直播方式的1.8～2.0倍,收益仅为直播方式的23.0%～43.1%。氮素效率的结果表明,种植方式对农学利用率和氮素表观利用率的影响大于品种和氮肥运筹,直播方式的氮素农学利用率和表观利用率分别比移栽方式提高40.0%和76.4%(2017年);品种对氮素生产效率的影响大于种植方式与氮肥运筹,早熟品种的氮素生产效率比中熟品种提高45.3%(2017年)。【结论】长江流域棉区,适宜氮肥运筹下早熟品种麦后直播有利于实现棉花高产稳产、生产总成本低而效益高;其氮素农学利用率、表观利用率和生产效率均较高,是该棉区麦后棉高产高效生产模式。  相似文献   

5.
为确定糯玉米新品种‘郑黄糯2号’的夏播适宜播期,比较了7个不同播期(5月21日、5月26日、5月31日、6月5日、6月10日、6月15日、6月20日)下‘郑黄糯2号’的生育进程、农艺性状、产量及鲜食品质。结果表明,随播期推迟,‘郑黄糯2号’各生育阶段持续时间均缩短,粗缩病率降低。与5月21日播种相比,6月5日播期处理的生育期缩短13天,粗缩病则由11.26%减少到3.47%;6月20日播期处理的生育期缩短28天,无粗缩病害发生。随播期推迟,穗长、穗粗和穗行数变化不明显,行粒数减少,秃尖长增加,产量呈先增加后降低的趋势。6月5日播期处理行粒数比5月21日播种减少12.12%,秃尖增加到0.06 cm,而较6月20日播期处理行粒数增加2.00%,但秃尖长减少1.47 cm,该播期处理的产量最高(11268.58 kg/hm2),分别较5月21日、6月20日播期处理增产6.81%、27.81%。在鲜食品质方面,籽粒粗淀粉含量和皮渣率随着采收期延迟而增加,但可溶性糖含量则相反;相同采收期下,‘郑黄糯2号’的鲜食品质表现为播期越早越好。综合以上因素和生产实际,‘郑黄糯2号’夏播的适宜播期为5月25日到6月5日,且在小麦收获后尽可能早播。  相似文献   

6.
播种期对农牧交错带莜麦生长发育和产量形成的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  
为了探索播种期对莜麦生长发育和产量形成的影响,为农牧交错带莜麦适期播种和高产栽培提供依据,此研究采用随机区组排列设计,通过两年的分期播种实验,研究播种期对莜麦生育期、形态指标和产量形成的影响。结果表明：播种期对莜麦生育期、株高和单株叶面积影响显著,中播和晚播莜麦的株高和单株叶面积均高于早播。随着播期推迟,莜麦营养生长期缩短,温度是主要原因,生殖生长期延长,降水是主要原因,生育期总天数缩短,莜麦生殖生长阶段在整个生育期中所占比例增加。播期处理对莜麦单株分蘖数、穗数和千粒重影响达显著水平。两年试验中,中播（5月18日）产量平均可达107.7 g/m2,均高于早播（5月8日）和晚播（5月28日）。建议农牧交错带地区莜麦适宜播期安排在5月18日左右。  相似文献   

7.
【目的】本研究旨在探讨大田轻简化栽培条件下棉花氮代谢随播期和密度的变化规律。【方法】选用华棉3109(G.hirsutum L.)于2014年在华中农业大学试验农场,采用裂区设计:播期为主区(S1,5月30日;S2,6月14日),密度为副区(D1,7.5株·m-2;D2,9.0株·m-2;D3,10.5株·m-2),研究了硝酸还原酶(Nitrate reductase,NR)活性在主茎叶位和根系的分布特点。【结果】1)不同播期和密度对叶片和根系NR活性平均值有显著影响。推迟播期对现蕾期棉花叶片与根系平均NR活性无显著影响,增加密度可降低叶片平均NR活性,但对根系平均NR活性无显著影响;推迟播期,显著降低初花期和盛花期棉花叶片NR活性平均值,但晚播对根系NR活性平均值的影响由侧根NR决定,增加密度,叶片和根系平均NR活性呈先升高后降低变化趋势,表明见花施肥后,晚播抑制了棉花地上部叶片氮代谢强度,而增强了地下部根系氮代谢强度;适度增加密度可显著增强棉花地上部叶片和地下部根系氮代谢强度。2)现蕾期叶片NR活性平均值初花期盛花期,根系NR活性平均值大体呈先升高后降低变化趋势。3)主茎叶位NR活性在3个时期均由上而下显著降低,以第1叶至第3叶波动较大,第4叶以下叶片间无显著差异,表明叶片NR活性与叶龄有关,幼叶氮代谢强度高于成熟叶片,成熟叶片之间氮代谢强度保持相对稳定。【结论】长江流域棉区(主要指湖北植棉区)棉花播种不应晚于6月14日,种植密度以9.0株·m-2最佳。  相似文献   

8.
播期和密度对麦茬中粳稻皖稻68生育期和产量形成的影响   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
研究不同播期和移栽密度试条件下皖稻68的生育期和产量形成的变化情况,结果表明,皖稻68生育期天数随播期的推迟而递减,但推迟到6月14日播种仍可正常成熟;移栽密度对生育期无明显影响。不同播期同期栽插的,随播期推迟产量下降,但因秧龄长短的原因,穗数随播期推迟而增加,每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重递减;增加移栽密度有利于增加穗数而增产。本试验条件下皖稻68作为沿淮麦茬稻栽培,育秧移栽的以5月5日和15日播种,移栽密度为30.0万/hm2和40.0万/hm2产量最高,机插秧以5月25日左右播种为宜,直播稻以6月4日至14日为播种适期。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】研究播期对冀东滨海盐碱棉田机采棉模式下不同类型棉花品种产量和品质形成的影响,明确提高产量和品质一致性的适宜播期和收获方式。【方法】采用大田试验,2017年前茬均为棉花,以杂交棉冀杂2号和常规棉石抗126为供试品种,设计4月15日(B1)、4月25日(B2)、5月5日(B3)3个播期水平,在9月10日、9月20日、9月30日、10月10日、10月20日、10月30日这6个日期进行收获。【结果】冀杂2号5月5日播种皮棉产量接近1 400 kg·hm~(-2);石抗126则为4月25日播种产量水平最高。不同播期产量主要在9月形成,均占75%以上。纤维品质9月优于10月;冀杂2号随播期推迟而提高,石抗126表现为第2播期(4月25日)较优。冀杂2号第3播期(5月5日)9月棉纤维马克隆值、上半部平均长度和长度整齐度指数差异较小;石抗126第2播期9月20日之前纤维品质指标优化明显,且马克隆值、上半部平均长度和长度整齐度指数一致性较高。【结论】综合产量和品质指标,冀东滨海盐碱地机采棉模式下杂交棉冀杂2号适宜5月5日左右播种,9月底收获1次;常规棉石抗126则应在4月25日左右播种,9月下旬收获1次。  相似文献   

10.
研究了播期对不同类型水稻品种的生长发育、产量和产量构成因素的影响,结果表明：随着播期的推迟,5个不同类型的粳稻品种生育期明显缩短,株高降低,产量结构各因子也随播期的推迟而呈明显减少趋势。苏北地区中熟中粳品种安全播期6月29日之前,迟熟中粳在5月上中旬播种可以正常成熟,早熟晚粳于5月上旬播种能够成熟,中熟晚粳在播种期范围内,均不能正常成熟。  相似文献   

11.
《棉花学报》2018,30(1):83-91
[Objective] Dynamic prediction of crop yield using a crop growth simulation model is the focus of increasing research attention. [Method] Based on meteorological, cotton yield, and cotton phenology data recorded at Akesu in Xinjiang from 1991 to 2014, this study aimed to improve the accuracy of crop yield prediction by the COSIM model. The average sowing date for each study year, as well as multiple sowing dates during the suitable sowing period, was imported into the COSIM model, and the two yield prediction methods were compared and analyzed. [Result] The accuracy of both yield prediction methods was higher than 90.0%, indicating that the two methods showed good applicability at Akesu. However, the method using multiple sowing dates during the suitable sowing period showed higher prediction accuracy when cotton yield was dynamically predicted in each month and the actual sowing date was uncertain. [Conclusion] The two prediction methods based on the crop growth simulation model are suitable for prediction of cotton yield at Akesu. In addition, according to the characteristics of different forecast years, the appropriate forecasting method can be used to improve the accuracy of prediction. The results also provide a reference for dynamic prediction of cotton yield in other cotton-producing areas.  相似文献   

12.
[Object] The study was conducted to investigate the plant architecture characteristic of direct sowing cotton planted after barely harvested with high yield and centralized boll-setting in the Yangtze River basin. [Method] In 2014, the cultivars Guoxin 12-1, Yijimian and Lumianyan 36 were used and the two conventional fertilizer (CF) application rates (namely pure nitrogen 45 kg·hm－2, 150 kg·hm－2) and Guoxin 12-1 was used in 2015. Two slow release fertilizer (SR) utilization rates (namely pure nitrogen 150 kg·hm－2 and 225 kg·hm－2) and two SR topdressing at different growth stages (namely 100% topdressing at seedling stage, 70% topdressing at seedling stage + 30% at flowing stage) were set with CF (pure nitrogen 150 kg·hm－2) and no fertilizer treatment as the controls. [Result] While the pure nitrogen (CF) amount was 150 kg·hm－2, the seed cotton yield of Guoxin 12-1 were 4 014.72 kg·hm－2. In 2015, the seed cotton yield for the treatment, application SR (pure nitrogen 150 kg·hm－2)and application ratios of seedling stage and flowering stage of 100% and 0, respectively, increased by 30.96%. The ratios of bolls setting from 08-15 to 08-30 to total bolls (RBT) for the two treatments were 31.8% and 26.1%, respectively. Then a significantly positive correlation between the seed cotton yield and RBT was found（r2014＝0.948**, r2015＝0.976**）. Based on the analysis of relationship between the plant architecture indexes and RBT, plant architecture characteristics of cotton population with high yield and centralized boll-setting was proposed. [Conclusion] These indexes would be used to supervise the cotton culture management to achieve high yield and centralized boll-setting for the direct sowing cotton planted after barely harvested.  相似文献   

13.
播期对川中丘陵区油菜倒伏性状的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
油菜机械化生产中,植株倒伏是影响机械化收获的重要因素。为探讨不同播种期对川中丘陵区油菜倒伏性状的影响,以川油36和蓉油18为供试材料,分别设置9月22日、9月29日、10月6日、10月13日和10月20日5个播期处理,分析不同播期条件下油菜生育期气象因子、倒伏性状指标的变化情况。结果表明,随播种期推迟,油菜生育期内的降水量、积温、日均最高气温、日均最低气温和日照时长均逐渐下降,生育期逐渐缩短,成熟期植株株高、分枝部位、根颈粗、茎秆粗降低,倒伏系数增加。油菜抗倒伏能力在9月22-29日播期处理之间最强。因此,川中丘陵区油菜的适宜播期为9月下旬。  相似文献   

14.
[Objective] The purpose of this study was to shape the good canopy structure and achieve efficiency production of cotton. [Method] With Jimian 958 as test material, a split-plot field experiment was conducted over two years (2016—2017) to determine the effect of different pruning methods (removal and retention of vegetative branches) and canopy height treatments (high and low staggered canopy, low canopy and high canopy) on the temporal-spatial distribution of cotton bolls, yield and yield components in Baoding. [Result] Pruning method and canopy pattern had significant effects on the temporal-spatial distribution of cotton bolls. Regarding temporal distribution, retention of vegetative branch treatment (P2) significantly increased the number of total bolls (pre-summer, summer and autumn bolls) compared with removal of vegetative branch treatment (P1). Staggered canopy (C1) increased the number of pre-summer bolls but resulted in relatively fewer autumn bolls to that of the high canopy (C3) pattern. Spatial distribution of bolls varied by pruning method, with P2 treatment producing a greater number of fruit bolls concentrated in the middle part of the plant. P1 treatment produced a greater number of fruit bolls concentrated in the lower canopy. The combined effects of pruning methods and canopy pattern on seed cotton yield were significant, with the largest yield observed in P1C1 (vegetative branch removal×staggered canopy). The P1C1 group did not make significant difference in lint yield to the P2C1 (vegetative branch retention×staggered canopy) group. [Conclusion] The P2C1 canopy structure can produce a greater number of fruit bolls concentrated in the middle part of the cotton, enhance the number and proportion of summer bolls, increase the number of bolls per unit area, and produce higher yields while reducing labour usage, material resources and costs. This simplified cultivation measure offers an important opportunity to efficiently achieve high yields of cotton in the Yellow River Region.  相似文献   

15.
【目的】明确长江流域麦(油)后直播棉应用增效缩节胺(25%DPC水剂,简称DPC+)进行化学封顶的可行性。【方法】于2015―2017年在江苏大丰、安徽宿松和湖北武汉开展田间试验,采用随机区组设计,以人工打顶为对照,研究化学封顶时期(人工打顶同期、人工打顶后5 d)和封顶剂DPC+剂量(750,1 125,1 500 m L·hm^-2)对麦(油)后直播棉农艺性状及经济性状的影响。【结果】与人工打顶相比,DPC+化学封顶处理的株高和果枝数增加(最多分别增加21.6 cm和4.8个),中部和上部果枝(尤其是上部果枝)缩短,除个别点次外果节数不受影响。在不同环境条件下,化学封顶处理的产量多与人工打顶相当,低剂量DPC+处理的产量在降水量大的年份有一定程度下降,化学封顶时期对产量影响较小。【结论】应用DPC+对长江流域麦(油)后直播棉进行化学封顶有较好的可行性,未来需进一步优化技术参数、建立稳发稳长的配套栽培技术体系。  相似文献   

16.
[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seeding date and topping date on yield, yield characteristics and fiber quality of short-season cotton (CCRI 50) field-seeded after barley(rape)/wheat harvest. [Method] A split-plot design with three replicates was used for the study in Nanjing, Jiangsu province of China in 2014-2015. The main plots comprised two seeding dates (S1: 25th May and S2: 10th June), while topping dates (T1: 30th July, T2: 7th August and T3: 15th August) constituted the subplots. [Result] The lint yield, the ratio of yield before frost, boll number, boll weight and lint percent of S2 were lower than those of S1. The number of fruit branches and fruit nodes of S2 were less than those of S1 while it was the opposite for the boll setting ratio. The lint yield and the ratio of yield before frost decreased with the delay of topping date. The number of fruit branches and fruit nodes, the ratio of them increased with the delay of topping date while the boll setting ratio decreased. The interaction of sowing date × topping date showed that the treatment of S1T1 achieved higher value in lint yield and the ratio of yield before frost. The higher number of fruit branches and fruit nodes were found at the treatment of S1T1, S1T2 and S1T3 and higher boll setting ratio were found at the treatment of S2T1 and S1T1. Correlation analysis showed that the lint yield positively and significantly correlated with the number of fruit branches and fruit nodes and boll number, but did not significantly correlate withboll setting ratio and the ratio of fruit branches number to nodes number. In addition, the boll distribution ratios of middle and low fruit branches of S2 were more than those of S1 while it was the opposite for that of up fruit branches. The boll distribution ratios of middle and low fruit branches decreased with the delay of topping date while it was the opposite for that of up-fruit branches. The treatment of S1T1 could be better to improve fiber length and fiber strength of different fruit branches and the micronaire value of middle fruit branches. [Conclusion] The treatment of S1T1 is conducive to high yield and fiber quality of short-season cotton field-seeded after barley(rape)/wheat harvest in lower reaches of the Yangtze River.  相似文献   

17.
[Objective] In order to improve the efficiency of variety selection and reduce the cost of experiment, it was necessary to select the multi-objective characters comprehensively and make clear the effect of each objective character on the yield of seed cotton. [Method] Through the statistical analysis of 8 years, 607 breeding materials (339 conventional varieties and 268 hybrids) of Guoxin Rural Technical Service Association in Hejian City, Hebei Province, the effects of plant type, yield, maturity and fiber quality on the yield of seed cotton were comprehensively evaluated. [Result] Correlation analysis, regression analysis and general analysis showed that boll weight, lint percentage, first fruiting branches node, percentage of seed-cotton before frost and growth period had significant effects on seed cotton yield in the Heilonggang Cotton Region of the Yellow River Basin. The correlation coefficient between percentage of seed-cotton before frost and seed cotton yield were the highest (r＝0.320 97), and the boll weight decision coefficient was the largest (R2＝0.30), which were the main traits affecting the seed cotton yield. Plant height had the largest direct effect on seed cotton yield, but the total effect was the smallest after indirect effects of other variables (r2y＝－0.04). Both regression and general analysis showed that neither fiber length (upper half mean length) nor micronaire had significant effects on seed cotton yield. [Conclusion] During the breeding of new cotton lines in the Heilonggang Cotton Region of the Yellow River Basin, boll weight and lint percentage can be used as important agronomic characters for breeders to improve. Shortening the growth period and increasing the percentage of seed-cotton before frost can increase yield. Plant height and first fruiting branches node affect seed cotton yield through interaction with other traits. Neither the fiber length nor the micronaire value have a significant effect on the seed cotton yield, which can be increased simultaneously with the yield during the breeding process.  相似文献   

18.
[Objective] The effects of sowing date on the yield and quality formation of two different cotton cultivars were studied under machine-picked conditions in the coastal saline-alkali area of Eastern Hebei Province, China to identify the optimal sowing date and harvest method to improve cotton yield and quality consistency. [Method] The experiments were conducted in the state-run Haixing farm in Hebei Province during 2017 with a cotton crop seeded in 2016. The hybrid cotton Jiza 2 and conventional cotton Shikang 126 were used in this experiment. Varieties were tested using three sowing dates: April 15 (B1), April 25 (B2), and May 5 (B3) as the main plot. Six harvest dates were also used as subplots in this experiment: September 10, September 20, September 30, October 10, October 20, and October 30. [Results] The lint yield of Jiza 2 was nearly 1 400 kg·hm－2 when the sowing date was May 5. Conversely, the highest lint yield for Shikang 126 was obtained when the cotton was sown on April 25. The yield associated with different sowing times was mainly formed in September, with this month accounting for more than 75% of yield. The fiber quality was better in September than October. The fiber quality of Jiza 2 was improved with a delay inthe sowing date. The best fiber quality for Shikang 126 was obtained with the April 25 sowing date. There was a small difference between the micronaire, fiber length, and length uniformity with different September harvest times. The fiber quality index was optimized and the consistency of the micronaire, upper half mean length, and length uniformity were higher with Shikang 126 before September 20 when sown on April 25. [Conclusion] Comprehensive consideration of yield and quality index indicated that hybrid cotton Jiza 2 performed best when sown on May 5 and harvested for the first time at the end of September. The conventional cotton Shikang 126 should be sown around April 25 and harvested for the first time on the last ten-day of September.  相似文献   

19.
播期对冬油菜越冬率及生理生化特性的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
【研究目的】研究不同播期条件下冬油菜越冬率及其叶片中SOD活性、可溶糖含量、可溶蛋白含量、游离脯氨酸含量,以便分析不同播期对冬油菜越冬率及生理生化特性的影响;【方法】调查了不同播期条件下冬油菜的越冬率,并对不同播期条件下冬油菜叶片中SOD活性、可溶糖含量、可溶蛋白含量、游离脯氨酸含量进行了测定;【结果】播期对SOD活性、可溶糖含量、可溶蛋白含量、游离脯氨酸含量有一定影响。在8月16日、8月23日、8月30日、9月6日4个不同播期处理中,播期1和播期2具有较高的SOD活性、可溶糖含量、可溶蛋白含量和游离脯氨酸含量,播期3和4的SOD活性、可溶糖含量、可溶蛋白含量和游离脯氨酸含量较低,这与其越冬率变化趋势基本一致;【结论】适期早播可提高冬油菜的越冬率,而播期影响冬油菜的越冬率主要是不同播期条件下生理生化特性变化所致。  相似文献   

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