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1.
为探究双尾新小绥螨Neoseiulus bicaudus（Wainstein）的最佳贮藏温度和时间,选取双尾新小绥螨成螨于9℃和12℃下分别冷藏7、14、21、28和35 d,测定不同冷藏条件下双尾新小绥螨雌成螨的捕食能力和繁殖力。结果表明：冷藏后,除9℃冷藏21 d处理外,其他处理下双尾新小绥螨的捕食量、攻击系数、捕食能力、日最大捕食量以及对猎物的处理时间与对照之间均无显著差异,其中12℃冷藏21 d的攻击系数最高,为3.18,12℃冷藏28 d的处理时间最长,为0.14 d;当冷藏时间相同时,双尾新小绥螨于9℃冷藏后的攻击系数与12℃冷藏处理间无显著差异,但冷藏21 d和28 d后,9℃冷藏的处理时间显著短于12℃的处理时间;双尾新小绥螨冷藏一段时间后恢复正常温度,雌成螨产卵前期延长,最长为3.06 d,显著长于对照;雌成螨的平均寿命和产卵量显著降低,雌成螨寿命最长,为14.10 d,总产卵量最高,为18.98粒,均显著低于对照;当冷藏温度相同,不同冷藏时间处理的双尾新小绥螨雌成螨的寿命和产卵量无显著差异。冷藏时间相同时,12℃冷藏处理的雌成螨平均寿命和产卵量显著高于9℃冷藏处理。综上,双尾新小绥螨于12℃和9℃中冷藏0~35 d后均对双尾新小绥螨的捕食无影响,而12℃冷藏不同时间后对双尾新小绥螨雌成螨的寿命和繁殖影响相对较小。因此,建议双尾新小绥螨于12℃冷藏0~35 d。 相似文献
2.
为评价杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨的毒力和对加州新小绥螨的安全性,本文采用玻片浸渍法、叶片残毒法和浸叶法测定了乙唑螨腈、丁氟螨酯、乙螨唑、哒螨灵、螺螨酯和联苯肼酯对朱砂叶螨的毒力,并对这6种杀螨剂对加州新小绥螨卵孵化率和雌成螨存活率进行了测定。结果表明,6种杀螨剂用叶片残毒法测定的毒力大于玻片浸渍法测定的毒力。朱砂叶螨雌成螨对螺螨酯和乙螨唑不敏感,其余4种杀螨剂都表现出较高的毒性。哒螨灵田间使用剂量显著降低加州新小绥螨雌成螨存活率,10倍田间使用剂量处理24 h后死亡率达100%。乙螨唑和哒螨灵田间使用剂量处理后加州新小绥螨卵仅有1%和0.33%的孵化率。因此,建议应用加州新小绥螨防治害螨时,应尽量避免哒螨灵和乙螨唑的施用。 相似文献
3.
为探究不同食物对兹沃尔新小绥螨Neoseiulus zwoelferi种群生长、发育和繁殖的影响,采用年龄-龄期两性生命表分析测定兹沃尔新小绥螨取食卢氏叶螨Tetranychus ludeni、甜果螨Carpoglyphus lactis和香蒲Typha orientalis花粉后的存活率、发育历期、寿命及繁殖情况。结果显示,3种食物均能满足兹沃尔新小绥螨生长发育和繁殖的需求。卢氏叶螨处理组的净增殖率和总繁殖率分别是28.99和36.99,均显著高于其他2个处理组;以甜果螨、卢氏叶螨和香蒲花粉为食的兹沃尔新小绥螨从卵发育至成螨所需时间分别为5.28、7.34和6.87 d,种群倍增时间分别3.35、4.22和11.77 d,前者显著短于其他2个处理;甜果螨处理组和卢氏叶螨处理组的雌成螨平均寿命分别比香蒲花粉处理组长2.75 d和4.92 d,但两者之间无显著差异;卢氏叶螨处理组雌成螨产卵天数最长,为17.84 d,产卵前期时间最短,为2.75 d,产卵量最大,为38.15粒/雌;香蒲花粉处理组雌成螨产卵天数最短,仅1.82 d,产卵前期时间最长,为5.89 d,产卵量最少,为3.36粒/雌。甜果螨处理组的内禀增长率、周限增长率分别为0.21 d-1和1.23 d-1,均显著高于其他处理组,但平均世代周期为14.65 d,显著低于其他处理组。表明3种食物均可使兹沃尔新小绥螨完成整个世代,其中甜果螨是室内饲养兹沃尔新小绥螨的最佳食物,香蒲花粉可以作为短期饲养的食物。 相似文献
4.
阿维菌素是目前常用的杀虫杀螨剂。本研究利用生命表技术,室内评价了阿维菌素亚致死剂量对虚伪新小绥螨成螨生长发育及生殖的影响。通过阿维菌素亚致死剂量(LC30、LC20和LC10)处理虚伪新小绥螨成螨后,平均每雌产卵量分别为29.11、34.25、45.81粒;每雌日均产卵量分别为0.73、0.99、1.50粒,平均每雌产卵量LC20和LC30与对照(53.89粒)有显著差别,每雌日均产卵量3个处理与对照(2.43粒)均有显著差别,而对后代的雌雄性比影响没有显著差异。阿维菌素亚致死剂量对次代的发育历期影响主要表现为产卵前期的延长,产卵期和产卵后期缩短,但对整体平均寿命影响不显著。生殖生命表的结果显示,阿维菌素会降低虚伪新小绥螨的发育速率,其净增殖率(R0)和内禀增长率(rm)下降,而平均世代周期(T)和种群加倍时间(Dt)增长。通过对次代存活率和种群生命期望指数的分析,结果表明,LC10和LC30处理的虚伪新小绥螨中有近40%个体的存活时间较对照有显著的延长,且LC10和LC30处理后虚伪新小绥螨的种群期望指数均显著高于对照。综上所述,阿维菌素对虚伪新小绥螨的生殖能力存在一定的负面影响,但对于虚伪新小绥螨的个体发育影响与对照相比影响不大。该结论为利用阿维菌素开发耐药性(抗药性)的虚伪新小绥螨提供了理论依据。 相似文献
5.
为筛选对草莓上二斑叶螨控制效果较好的捕食螨,以及对二斑叶螨毒力较强而对捕食螨安全性较高的杀螨剂,通过测定智利小植绥螨、巴氏新小绥螨、加州新小绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食能力,测定阿维菌素、联苯肼酯、丁氟螨酯、乙螨唑和螺螨酯对二斑叶螨的毒力以及对其雌成螨日均产卵量的影响,分析比较了供试的5种杀螨剂对3种捕食螨的毒力、选择性毒力和安全性。结果表明,3种捕食螨对二斑叶螨均有较强的捕食能力,智利小植绥螨表现最为突出,其对二斑叶螨螨卵、若螨和成螨的捕食能力值分别为23.69、25.92、9.14。在供试杀螨剂中,螺螨酯对二斑叶螨的毒力较高,联苯肼酯对其产卵量的影响较大;联苯肼酯、丁氟螨酯、螺螨酯对智利小植绥螨,联苯肼酯、螺螨酯对巴氏新小绥螨,螺螨酯对加州新小绥螨的毒力低于其对二斑叶螨的毒力。本研究得出智利小植绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食能力强、螺螨酯对二斑叶螨的毒力较高且对智利小植绥螨较安全的结果,可为防治实践提供参考。 相似文献
6.
吡螨胺和哒螨灵亚致死剂量对截形叶螨的亚致死效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过吡螨胺（tebufenpyrad）和哒螨灵（pyridaben）的亚致死剂量处理截形叶螨（Tetranychustruncatus Ehara）成螨和螨卵,研究了两药剂对实验种群的亚致死效应。结果表明：吡螨胺和哒螨灵处理后当代成螨的每雌日均产卵量均有不同程度的降低,日平均产卵量、卵孵化率均低于对照; F1的卵期、幼螨期、若螨期延长显著,净增殖率低于对照、内禀增长率和周限增长率与对照差异不大。两药剂处理卵后,卵期、幼螨期、若螨期延长,净增殖率低于对照。吡螨胺和哒螨灵的亚致死剂量处理截形叶螨成螨和螨卵都无刺激增殖的作用,能延缓种群的发育速度。 相似文献
7.
为明确巴氏新小绥螨Neoseiulus barkeri对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫Ditylenchus destructor的捕食能力,以马铃薯腐烂茎线虫和椭圆食粉螨Aleuroglyphus ovatus为猎物饲养巴氏新小绥螨,构建了巴氏新小绥螨的实验种群生命表,并构建了雌成螨对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的捕食功能反应模型。结果显示,巴氏新小绥螨取食马铃薯腐烂茎线虫后能完成整个生活史,平均世代为6.71 d,产卵前期、产卵期、日产卵量以及雌成螨寿命分别为2.89 d、19.13 d、1.79粒和26.44 d,与取食椭圆食粉螨后的各参数间均无显著差异。巴氏新小绥螨雌成螨对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的捕食功能反应为Holling Ⅱ型,在温度16~28℃范围内,其攻击系数(a)、捕食能力(a/T_h)、最大日捕食量(1/T_h)均随温度升高而升高,处理时间(T_h)缩短;在28℃时日捕食量达到最高,为52.69条,处理时间最短,为0.019 d;当温度高于32℃时捕食量开始下降。表明巴氏新小绥螨具有防治马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的潜力。 相似文献
8.
为全面掌握加州新小绥螨四川种群的种群特征,本试验运用两性生命表开展了以朱砂叶螨为猎物的加州新小绥螨四川种群的生长发育、繁殖与捕食率研究。结果表明,加州新小绥螨四川种群不同发育阶段重叠,在雌成螨产卵期结束前雌成螨特定年龄-阶段存活率Sxj明显高于雄成螨。单位时间（12 h）特定年龄-阶段繁殖力fx5、特定年龄繁殖力mx最大值分别为1.74和1.12粒/雌,单雌总产卵量为49.28粒。种群内禀增长率为0.27/d、周限增长率为1.31/d、净增殖率为26.61粒/个体、世代平均周期为12.34 d。在未成熟阶段,加州新小绥螨各螨态特定年龄-阶段捕食率Cxj均呈双峰型,雌成螨和雄成螨捕食率均随时间明显波动。加州新小绥螨取食朱砂叶螨的转化率为4.55、内禀捕食率为0.54、周限捕食率为1.72头。以朱砂叶螨为猎物时,加州新小绥螨四川种群表现出较好的个体发育、种群增长和捕食能力,可作为控制朱砂叶螨的生防资源,值得进一步研究和开发利用;同时朱砂叶螨可作为加州新小绥螨四川种群人工繁殖选择的猎物之一。 相似文献
9.
本文在评估哒螨灵对加州新小绥螨Neoseiulus californicus（McGregor）安全性的基础上,测定了经该药剂处理后的捕食螨对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus（Boisduval）的捕食功能反应。结果表明,哒螨灵对朱砂叶螨和加州新小绥螨的致死中浓度（LC50）分别为17.62 μg/mL和119.89 μg/mL。药剂对两种螨的毒力选择指数（TSR）为6.803,哒螨灵对加州新小绥螨的安全性较高。当药剂浓度为LC30时,捕食螨对猎物幼螨的日捕食量相比对照的43.80头减少至41.80头,且处理猎物时间（Th）明显延长。亚致死浓度（LC10和LC30）处理加州新小绥螨后,其对猎物朱砂叶螨幼螨的捕食能力（a/Th）和寻找效应显著下降,LC10和LC30处理组的a/Th值分别由对照的53.71降至18.37和14.95,降低比例最大可达72.16%;在相同猎物密度下,该捕食螨对除了若螨外的其余猎物螨态的寻找效应受哒螨灵亚致死作用而明显减弱,下降幅度由大到小依次为幼螨,卵,成螨。综上所述,哒螨灵会在捕食方面对加州新小绥螨造成一定的不利影响。 相似文献
10.
为了明确双尾新小绥螨Neoseiulus bicaudus Wainstein对不同密度下烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci（Gennadius）和土耳其斯坦叶螨Tetranychus turkestani（Ugarov&Nikolskii）的捕食选择性,在实验室条件下,测定24 h内双尾新小绥螨对不同比例下猎物的捕食情况（烟粉虱和土耳其斯坦叶螨数量比为20：10、15：10、10：10、10：15、10：20和10：40）。结果表明双尾新小绥螨雌成螨对猎物的捕食量随猎物数量的升高而增加,其中对土耳其斯坦叶螨幼螨的捕食量最高。双尾新小绥螨除对烟粉虱1龄若虫和叶螨卵在10：10的相同密度下选择指数无差异外,其他各密度下,双尾新小绥螨对土耳其斯坦叶螨的选择性均显著高于烟粉虱。当烟粉虱和土耳其斯坦叶螨同时发生时,双尾新小绥螨对土耳其斯坦叶螨的选择性高于烟粉虱,对土耳其斯坦叶螨控制效果更好。 相似文献
11.
为探讨不同杀螨剂对壁蜂Osmia cornifrons蜂螨的防控作用,筛选了适合壁蜂定巢繁殖的巢管管口内径范围,并采用药液浸渍法比较了螺螨酯、炔螨特、联苯肼酯、四螨嗪、三唑锡5种杀螨剂对壁蜂蜂螨的防治效果及安全性。结果表明,壁蜂芦苇巢管管口内径在8.00~8.49 mm范围时最适合壁蜂定巢繁殖,巢室数量最多,为8.5个,显著高于其它管口内径范围下的巢室数。与空白对照相比,5种杀螨剂各剂量处理对芦苇巢管中壁蜂的巢室数均无显著影响,不同剂量的三唑锡和四螨嗪浸渍芦苇巢管均可有效控制芦苇巢管内蜂螨的为害,2种药剂各剂量处理对巢管中蜂螨的防治效果为97.22%~100.00%,对巢室蜂螨的防治效果为98.75%~100.00%,防治效果显著;而不同剂量的螺螨酯、炔螨特和联苯肼酯对芦苇巢管中蜂螨的防治效果较低,各剂量处理对巢管蜂螨的防治效果为39.81%~80.56%,对巢室蜂螨的防治效果为46.01%~83.82%。表明四螨嗪和三唑锡浸渍处理芦苇巢管可作为有效防治壁蜂蜂螨为害的安全施药手段。 相似文献
12.
三种杀螨剂对山楂叶螨的毒力评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为筛选出高效防治山楂叶螨Amphitetranychus viennensis Zacher的杀螨剂,利用玻片浸渍法和叶片残毒法测定了3种杀螨剂对其3种螨态的室内毒力,并对不同浓度杀螨剂的田间防效进行了测定。结果表明:240 g/L螺螨酯、110 g/L乙螨唑和43%联苯肼酯中仅联苯肼酯对山楂叶螨雌成螨有毒力,其LC50为37.65 mg/L;3种杀螨剂均能毒杀卵及幼螨,毒力大小依次为乙螨唑联苯肼酯螺螨酯;同一杀螨剂对幼螨的毒力均高于对卵的毒力。240 g/L螺螨酯和110 g/L乙螨唑对山楂叶螨的总体防效较好,除螺螨酯4 000倍液处理的防效在药后30 d达到最大97.11%外,其余各处理均在药后15 d达到最大,防效为88.76%~96.14%;但二者速效性较差,药后1~7 d防效均低于对照;而螺螨酯4 000、5 000倍液处理及乙螨唑5 000倍液处理的持效性较好,药后30 d防效仍有97.11%、90.90%和93.06%,均显著高于对照。43%联苯肼酯对山楂叶螨的总体防效在3种杀螨剂中最高,其1 800、2 500倍液处理分别在药后7 d和3 d时防效达到最大99.79%和98.64%;1~7 d防效为97.45%~99.79%,显著高于其余杀螨剂和对照;30 d时防效分别达98.14%和96.19%,速效性和持效性均较好。表明螺螨酯和乙螨唑对山楂叶螨的持效性较好,联苯肼酯则有良好的速效性和持效性,可以按照其不同特点推广应用。 相似文献
13.
F. Mansour 《Phytoparasitica》1988,16(3):239-245
Dosage mortality data for 12 pesticides were determined with females of an insecticide-susceptible strain of the carmine spider
mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.), by the slide dip method; for four of the pesticides which are specific acaricides, also the Munger cell method
was used. The LC50s ranged from 0.00078% to 0.041%, with the synthetic pyrethroids being more toxic than the specific acaricides. There were
no differences in results between the two assay methods.
Four synthetic pyrethroids that were very active againstT. cinnabarinus in laboratory tests were examined in an unsprayed apple orchard for their effect on the population density of spider mites.
An upsurge of tetranychid mites was noted 4 weeks after a single application 相似文献
14.
BACKGROUND: Transovarial transport is defined as the passage of chemicals from the maternal body to eggs within the ovaries. Little is known about the effects of transovarial transport on non‐target species. This study evaluates etoxazole (a transovarial acaricidal compound) on a terrestrial trophic web consisting of a ubiquitous phytophagous mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and three species of predatory mites. RESULTS: Predatory mite females that consumed eggs laid by etoxazole‐treated T. urticae also produced infertile eggs. There was a negative relationship between the proportion of etoxazole‐treated T. urticae females and the instantaneous rate of predatory mite increase at the population level (r2 = 0.86). Reduced fertility of etoxazole‐treated T. urticae females continued for 18 days following application. Eggs laid by etoxazole‐treated T. urticae females remained toxic to predatory mite females for 42 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Transovarial transport could lead to magnification in the ecosystem by enhancing both bioavailability and movement of an active ingredient. The potential for enhancement of residual activity by terrestrial organisms and its significance once reaching the food web should be taken into account for new classes of acaricides and insecticides. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
15.
The species composition and seasonal cycle ofTetranychus urticae Koch (two-spotted spider mite) andEotetranychus uncatus Garman (garman spider mite; the two species were evaluated together),Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) (hawthom red spider nite),Panonychus ulni (Koch) (European red mite),Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten) (brown mite) (Acari Tetranychidae),Cenopalpus pulcher Can and Fanz. (flat scarlet mite) (Tenuipalpidae) and their natural enemies (Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae family members)
were compared in two apple orchards during the years 2000 to 2002 in Tokat, Turkey. One orchard was pesticide-free, and the
other was sprayed. Surveys were carried out once a week from April to November and the differences in the dominant species
of spider mites and phytoseiid mites between the two orchards were recorded. In the sprayed orchard, the dominant phytophagous
mites wereA. vienensis andP. ulmi whereas in the unsprayed orchardE uncatus andC pulcher were abundant. It was found that the predatory mites were able to control spider mites in the unsprayed orchard, but the
population level was not adequate to control them in the sprayed orchard, presumably due to the excessive use of pesticides. 相似文献
16.
Daniel Bernardi Marcos Botton Uemerson Silva da Cunha Oderlei Bernardi Thibaut Malausa Mauro Silveira Garcia Dori Edson Nava 《Pest management science》2013,69(1):75-80
BACKGROUND: The spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is the major strawberry pest in Brazil. The main strategies for its control comprise synthetic acaricides and predatory mites. The recent register of a commercial formula of azadirachtin (Azamax® 12 g L?1) can be viable for control of T. urticae. In this work, the effects of azadirachtin on T. urticae and its compatibility with predatory mites Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus macropilis in the strawberry crop were evaluated. RESULTS: Azadirachtin was efficient against T. urticae, with a mortality rate similar to that of abamectin. In addition, the azadirachtin showed lower biological persistence (7 days) than abamectin (21 days). Azadirachtin did not cause significant mortality of adult predatory mites (N. californicus and P. macropilis), but it did reduce fecundity by 50%. However, egg viability of the azadirachtin treatments was similar to that of the control (>80% viability). The use of azadirachtin and predatory mites is a valuable tool for controlling T. urticae in strawberry crop. CONCLUSIONS: Azadirachtin provided effective control of T. urticae and is compatible with the predatory mites N. californicus and P. macropilis. It is an excellent tool to be incorporated into integrated pest management for strawberry crop in Brazil. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
17.
BACKGROUND: Citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is one of the most important pesticide‐resistant pests in China. In order better to understand its resistance status, six populations of the mite were collected from Chinese citrus orchards for monitoring of resistance to spirodiclofen and another five acaricides. RESULTS: All the samples collected in the field in 2006 were susceptible to spirodiclofen. However, the LC50 values in populations sampled in 2009 ranged from 3.29 to 418.24 mg L?1 spirodiclofen, a 127‐fold difference between the least and most sensitive populations. Compared with a susceptible strain, 50‐fold and 90.8‐fold resistance to spirodiclofen was detected in populations sampled from Pinghe and Fuzhou in 2009, as well as cross‐resistance to spirotetramat. The LC50 values for abamectin, fenpropathrin, hexythiazox and pyridaben in the collected samples ranged from 0.041 to 3.52 mg L?1, from 23.91 to 696.16 mg L?1, from 13.94 to 334.19 mg L?1 and from 48.90 to 609.91 mg L?1 respectively. CONCLUSION: Great variations in resistance to the tested acaricides were observed among the sampled populations. The Pinghe population developed resistance to all the acaricides tested. The Jianning population was susceptible to most acaricides tested, except pyridaben. Resistance management strategies were conducted on the basis of these observations. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
18.
东方钝绥螨在昌黎地区每年大约发生23代左右。平均卵期1.8天,幼虫期0.7天、第一若虫期1.0天、第二若虫期1.5天、产卵前期4.6天、产卵期15.2天、雌成螨期20.5天、雄成螨期15.6天、生命周期为25.5天。平均日产卵量1.5粒,总卵量16粒。雌成螨日捕食山楂叶螨卵3粒及若螨0.46头,总捕食量为卵91粒,若螨43头及成山楂叶螨14头,对苹果全爪螨捕食量3.4头(雌成螨)。 相似文献