共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 460 毫秒
1.
普洱茶种植对滇南红壤大孔隙的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探讨滇南典型红壤下普洱茶种植对土壤大孔隙的影响,以灌草地和茶地为研究对象,采用染色示踪法观察土壤剖面,运用Photoshop CS 5、Image pro Plus 6.0软件进行图像处理,利用土壤水分穿透曲线和Poiseulle方程研究了该地区的大孔隙特征。结果表明:茶地在耕作层大面积染色中,染色深度可达土层40 cm深度,灌草地于土层2.8 cm深度开始出现大孔隙流,灌草地比茶地更易发生大孔隙流;样地大孔隙主要集中在当量孔径0.4～2.5mm,其中茶地和灌草地当量孔径0.4～1.0 mm大孔隙密度分别占95.2%和95.5%,当量孔径1 mm的大孔隙密度较低,且灌草地大于茶地;大孔隙密度分布为10～20 cm土层最高,随着土层深度增加依次递减,整体上土壤大孔隙密度关系为灌草地茶地;土壤大孔隙不同当量孔径密度和染色面积比与土壤饱和导水率呈现显著性相关关系,当量孔径1mm的大孔隙仅占4.61%,但控制了饱和导水率90.8%的变异。茶地相较于灌草地土壤结构遭到破坏,水分向下运移速率慢,渗透量减小,致使水土流失加重。 相似文献
2.
利用CT扫描技术对太湖地区主要水稻土中大孔隙的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采集了太湖地区3种主要水稻土（白土、黄泥土和乌栅土）的原状土柱为供试土样，利用CT扫描技术，在不破坏土体结构的前提下，准确地得出了不同深度土壤剖面上各种大孔隙的数量、面积以及分布状况。结果表明，3种水稻土均以表层的大孔隙度最大，在30～40cm处达到一个最低点，再往下又呈波浪形变化。土柱各截面上大孔隙面积的变异系数随着深度的变化与大孔隙度相似，大孔隙度大的层次其变异系数也较大。等效直径越大的孔隙（〉5mm）在土壤不同深度下数量的变化也越大。表层上大直径（〉5mm）的大孔隙较多，在土壤剖面30～40cm以下其数量急剧减少；而直径较小孔隙（〈1mm）的数量在土壤剖面不同深度下相差不大。 相似文献
3.
重庆江津区柑橘地土壤大孔隙特征 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
以重庆市江津区不同柑橘地为研究对象,采用土壤坡面染色法标记大孔隙、利用土壤水分穿透曲线方法及Poiseulle方程分析其土壤大孔隙特征。结果表明:染色区较非染色区有更大的稳定出流速率,大孔隙使染色区的水分渗透速率较非染色区提高了1.48倍以上,随着土层深度增加,其提高程度有增大的趋势。虽然染色区较非染色区更利于水分或溶液传导,但相比非染色区,染色区水分渗透曲线的波动更大。柑橘地大孔隙孔径范围在0.3～1.7mm之间,0.3～0.7mm孔径数量虽然为104数量级,但对染色溶液优先迁移的作用较弱;实际影响染色溶液迁移的为半径大于0.7mm的土壤大孔隙;20年林龄柑橘地10-20cm土层有效大孔隙数量高于10年林龄柑橘地。半径大于1.0mm的大孔隙在水分输入初期起到迅速排导水分的作用。柑橘地土壤大孔隙率在1.5%～19.5%之间,与稳定出流速率呈极显著正相关关系,决定了稳定出流速率71.9%的变异;半径大于0.7mm的大孔隙数量与稳定出流速率呈极显著正相关关系,决定了稳定出流速率90.9%的变异。 相似文献
4.
北京昌平区农地土壤大孔隙特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究在利用染色示踪法对北京昌平区农地的优先流发生区进行判断的基础上,采用Photoshop软件和土壤水分穿透曲线对该农地的大孔隙数量与分布特征进行量化分析。结果表明:试验农地的土壤大孔隙半径主要集中在0.5～2.8mm之间,平均半径为0.695～0.711mm,大孔隙率为5.10%～22.06%。随着土壤深度的增加,染色区在土壤剖面上呈现出集中分布的特征,同时,染色面积比例逐渐减小。各土层染色区的稳定出流速率是未染色区的1.39～2.05倍,在大孔隙各孔径范围内,染色区的数量是未染色区的1.33～3.57倍。大孔隙的垂直分布表现出上层多、下层少的特点,其中半径小于1.5mm的孔隙占98%以上。染色区在大孔隙密度、大孔隙连通性上的优势能够使其更快地进行水分运输并更早达到稳定,因而也就更易成为优先流发生区。 相似文献
5.
黄土沟壑区不同地形部位土壤大孔隙特征研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
切沟沟底、沟缘和坝地侵蚀发生和发展的过程不同,通过采集三种地形条件的原状土柱,利用CT扫描手段揭示土壤大孔隙随地形和深度变化的规律。结果表明:(1)三种地形条件对土壤大孔隙参数具有显著影响;与已有结果相比,地形条件对土壤大孔隙参数的影响弱于植被的作用;(2)不同土层(厚50 mm)大孔隙参数差异显著,沟缘土壤大孔隙度均值和变异系数在102 mm深度具有上下分异明显的特点;(3)大孔隙数分别与黏粒含量和饱和导水率呈显著和极显著负相关关系,沟底土壤大孔隙的连通性较沟缘和坝地更好。沟底和沟缘土壤的大孔隙通道主要受植物根系作用影响,坝地土壤大孔隙受长期淤积和水分渗透作用影响,上述因素造成三种地形条件土壤大孔隙特征产生差异。 相似文献
6.
根据水分穿透曲线和Poiseulle方程原理,定量研究了黄土丘陵区人工油松林地原状土大孔隙的半径范围、个数及分布情况。黄土丘陵区人工油松林地田间持水量至饱和含水量之间的大孔隙半径为0.2~3mm,孔径>1mm的特大孔隙仅占大孔隙总数的2.2%,表现出特大孔隙较少、小孔隙较多的特点。土壤剖面上部的大孔隙加权平均半径较大,随土层深度的增加,大孔隙半径逐渐减小。大孔隙所占过水断面面积在1.27%~18.13%之间,大部分样品大孔隙所占过水断面面积<5%。坡位、坡度、坡形、坡向对大孔隙形成起着重要作用。大孔隙虽然占土壤体积的很小一部分,但其平均半径与水流通量和饱和导水率之间有显著幂函数关系,分别决定了水流通量的77%和饱和导水率的75%变异。植物强化土壤渗透能力的主要原因之一是根层土壤大孔隙的优势流效应。 相似文献
7.
桂东南花岗岩丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤大孔隙特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
根据水分穿透曲线和Poiseuille方程,定量研究桂东南花岗岩区6种(次生林、柑橘园、玉米地、杉木林、撂荒地和桉树林)不同土地利用方式土壤大孔隙半径范围、数量及分布情况,分析不同土地利用方式对土壤大孔隙特征的影响。结果表明:(1)不同土地利用方式土壤水分穿透速率存在差异,土壤水分出流速率短时间内可达到稳定状态,柑橘园不同土层之间稳定出流速率变化较大;(2)不同土地利用方式的土壤大孔隙半径为0.4~2.4 mm,主要集中分布在0.4~1.2 mm,均值为0.85 mm,<1.2 mm的小半径孔隙数量较多;(3)随着土层深度的增加和孔隙半径的减小,土壤大孔隙数量总体表现为随土层深度的增加而逐渐减少,大半径孔隙较少,小半径孔隙较多;(4)不同土地利用方式的土壤大孔隙仅占土壤体积的0.36%~6.38%,但其土壤大孔隙平均体积与稳定出流速率、土壤大孔隙平均半径与饱和导水率均呈极显著相关关系,分别决定了稳定出流速率79.92%和饱和导水率36.45%的变异。 相似文献
8.
利用染色分析法确定农田土壤中硝态氮垂直运移的研究 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
利用农田土壤剖面染色并结合田间硝态氮示踪的方法,研究了太湖地区典型的水稻土—白土剖面中优势流和硝态氮在土壤剖面中的运移规律。结果表明:染色法可以分析土壤剖面中大孔隙的分布状况和优势流的路径;染色面积越大的土层,表明该土层的大孔隙含量就越高。在白土剖面上,表层的大孔隙含量最高,20~30 cm和55~100 cm土层以下大孔隙含量都很低。在田间条件下,优势流是影响硝态氮迁移的主要因素;白土剖面中优势流直接影响的最大深度为78 cm,对地下水的影响很大。本试验中地下水的硝态氮含量比未试验前增加了10多倍,这对环境安全影响极大。 相似文献
9.
小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化对退化沙质草地土壤孔隙特征的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以内蒙古太卜寺旗地区退化沙质草地为研究对象,对该地区的小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化草地中的灌丛斑块和草地斑块分别取原状土柱各三个进行CT扫描,利用Fiji软件分析土壤孔隙结构特征的差异。研究结果表明,小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化对土壤的孔隙结构有较大影响,灌丛斑块土壤的总孔隙数、大孔隙数、总孔隙度、大孔隙度和孔隙等效直径均大于草地斑块土壤,灌丛斑块土壤的平均大孔隙度是草地斑块土壤的3倍。草地斑块土壤的大孔隙主要分布在0~50 mm土层深度,而灌丛斑块土壤的大孔隙在0~400 mm深度都有分布,这与土壤中灌丛的丰富根系分布有关。 相似文献
10.
黄土丘陵沟壑区自然恢复坡面植物根系的分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用土钻法研究了黄土丘陵沟壑区自然恢复坡面土壤根系的分布特征及土壤养分含量与土壤水分含量对根系分布的影响。结果表明:根系的分布因坡向、侵蚀带、土层深度、植被类型等的不同而异。阳坡根系总生物量高于半阴坡,但差异不显著;沟谷地根系总生物量及≤1mm根系生物量与沟间地各侵蚀带存在显著性差异;随着土层深度的增加,根系生物量减小;不同植被类型及其盖度对根系生物量有很大影响。不同坡向、各侵蚀带、不同土层中各径级根系生物量的总体趋势是≤1mm根系生物量最大,1～2mm次之,2～3mm和>3mm根系生物量较小,且≤1mm根系生物量与2～3mm和>3mm根系生物量间存在显著差异。根系生物量与土壤养分(除全磷)总体为中度正相关,与土壤水分分布不一致。因此,根系分布不仅与植物自身特性有关,还受土壤环境的影响。 相似文献
11.
Quantification of soil macropores is important to enhance our understanding of preferential pathways for water, air, and chemical movement in soils. However, the soil architecture of different land uses is not well understood in elusive alpine regions. The objective of this study was to quantify the architecture of soil macropores in a Kobresia meadow, farmland, and sand in the Qinghai Lake watershed of northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China using X-ray computed tomography. Nine soil cores at 0–50 cm depth were collected at three sites with three replicates. At each site, the three collected cores were scanned using a GE Hi Speed FX/i medical scanner(General Electric, USA). To analyze soil architecture, the number of macropores, macroporosity, and mean macropore equivalent diameter within the 50 cm soil profile were determined from the X-ray computed tomography. Analysis of variance indicated that land use significantly influenced macroporosity, mean macropore equivalent diameter, and number of macropores. The soils of the Kobresia meadow and farmland had greater macroporosity and developed deeper and longer macropores than that of sand. For the Kobresia meadow, macropores were distributed mainly in the 0–10 cm soil layer, while they were distributed in the 0–20 cm soil layer for the farmland. The large number of macropores observed in the soils of the Kobresia meadow and farmland could be attributed to greater root development. The results of this study provided improved quantitative evaluation of a suite of soil macropore features with significant implications for non-equilibrium flow prediction and chemical transport modeling in soils. 相似文献
12.
《Soil & Tillage Research》1988,12(1):37-51
The temporal variability of soil porosity, especially macropores (> 50 μm), and associated porosity factors such as pore continuity, percent water-filled pore space (%WFPS), and earthworm numbers and biomass were determined over 3 years under direct-drilling and mouldboard ploughing. The study was conducted on a Charlottetown fine sandy loam, an Orthic Podzol with a humid to perhumid soil-moisture regime.Differences in soil porosity between tillage systems were mainly confined to the surface 0–8-cm soil depth. Fissures (> 300 μm), or large pores, were reduced under direct drilling compared with mouldboard ploughing, but subject to regeneration over the winter period. The absence of soil loosening caused the volume of macropores to fall below 10% during the growing season. Tillage had a residual effect on soil porosity, maintaining the volume of macropores between 11 and 18%. Differences between tillage and ice-induced porosity influenced the degree of macropore regeneration. In general, water-storage pores were similar between tillage systems. A close relationship (r2 = 0.832) was observed between dry bulk density and macroporosity under both tillage systems. The relationship between macroporosity and pore continuity (Ksat), which differed between tillage systems, indicated that a macroporosity of between 8 to 10% (v/v) would maintain adequate soil permeability. In contrast, the %WFPS, which was closely related (R2 = 0.952) to macroporosity and soil water content, indicated that the volume of macropores should exceed 14% to provide an optimum level of air-filled pore space.Under humid soil-moisture regimes, the use of macroporosity as an index of critical soil structure or limiting density needs to be based both on adequate soil permeability and on water-filled pore space. Although direct drilling maintained adequate functional porosity, the need for an optimum aerobic environment may necessitate loosening of the surface soil on an annual basis. 相似文献
13.
土壤大孔隙是土壤水分、空气和化学物质运移优先流的主要途径。本文以青海湖流域土壤为研究对象,在青海湖沙柳河流域取原状土柱,利用CT扫描与Fiji软件相结合的方法,实现了土壤大孔隙结构的三维可视化,以及断层横截面土壤大孔隙度、大孔隙数量和大孔隙等效直径等的量化;并探讨了样地土壤大孔隙特征与理化性质的相关性。结果表明:青海湖流域土壤大孔隙主要分布在土壤表层0~100 mm,100 mm以下大孔隙较少;土壤全磷含量分别与土壤大孔隙数量、大孔隙等效直径有显著相关性;土壤全氮、有机质含量分别与土壤大孔隙平均等效直径有显著相关性;土壤体积质量与大孔隙度、大孔隙平均等效直径等有显著相关性;土壤中0.002≤Ф0.02 mm的颗粒含量与大孔隙的分布特征相关性较大。 相似文献
14.
基于CT研究冻融对高寒草甸土壤孔隙结构的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
冻融是影响高寒地区土壤结构的重要物理因素,以青海湖流域高寒草甸作为研究对象,通过野外采集原状土柱、室内冻融循环模拟、CT扫描和图像解译等方法,研究冻融循环对高寒草甸冻胀丘和丘间地的土壤大孔隙结构特征的影响。结果表明,随着冻融循环次数的增加,高寒草甸冻胀丘和丘间地土壤大孔隙度均呈现“减小—增加—减小”的趋势,冻融循环对土壤大孔隙度的降低主要在第1次冻融循环内形成的,且大孔隙的平均等效直径、平均体积、平均分枝长度、分枝密度和节点密度的变化规律与大孔隙度变化规律基本一致;冻融循环对高寒草甸冻胀丘土壤大孔隙的影响明显大于丘间地,其土壤大孔隙度随土层深度变化存在2个峰值,受冻融循环的影响,峰值大小和位置有所变动,且30—80 mm土层深度的土壤孔隙结构较草毡层其他位置更为敏感。 相似文献
15.
Abstract. The impact of cattle trampling on the porosity of a representative soil (Typic Natraquoll) of the flooding Pampa of Argentina was studied from 1984 to 1987. Water content, total porosity (TP), macroporosity (> 30 μm) and mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates (MWD) were determined in undisturbed topsoil samples taken from adjacent continuously grazed (1.0 animal unit/ha/yr) and ungrazed (since 1976) areas. It was expected that trampling would decrease macroporosity when the soil was ponded, and that the damaged macropores would regenerate during the subsequent soil drying. This was only partly verified. The soil varied in TP from 58 to 64% in the ungrazed area, and from 53 to 78% in the grazed area. This variation resulted mainly from shrink-swell processes. Trampling decreased soil macroporosity (mainly >60 μm) from 8 to 5% and decreased MWD from 5.35 to 4.58 mm under dry soil conditions. The damaged soil pores regenerated and aggregate stability recovered during the subsequent period of surface water ponding, when soil swelling increased macropores in the grazed area but not in the ungrazed area. There was no evidence of poaching damage in this soil. 相似文献
16.
We studied the combined effects of reduced tillage and animal manure on soil structure and hydraulic conductivity (K) in the 2–10 and 12–20 cm layers in a loamy soil. The study was performed at the end of a 7‐yr field trial and included three tillage treatments (mouldboard ploughing until 25 cm depth: MP, shallow tillage until 12 cm depth: ST, no‐till: NT) and two fertilizer application treatments (mineral or poultry manure). Soil structure was assessed through bulk density (ρb), micromorphological and macropore‐space characteristics. K was measured in situ at ?0.6, ?0.2 and ?0.05 kPa. Untilled layers had a vermicular microstructure resulting from earthworm activity, whereas tilled layers displayed a mixture of crumb and channel microstructures. Untilled layers had the highest ρb and twice as much lower total macroporosity area (pores > 240 μm in equivalent diameter) than tilled layers, reflected by the smallest area of macropores 310–2000 μm in diameter and the smallest area of large complex macropores. K under untilled layers was 12–62% lower than that under tilled layers, but differences were statistically significant only at ?0.05 kPa in the 2–10 cm. No significant interaction between tillage and nutrient application treatments was detected for all properties. Compared with mineral fertilizer, poultry manure resulted in a similar ρb but 20% greater total macroporosity area and 30% higher K at ?0.2 kPa. Overall, the sensitivity of soil structure and K to poultry manure were relatively small compared with tillage. We suggest that cultivation practices other than animal manure application are needed to improve physical properties under reduced tillage. 相似文献
17.
基于CT扫描的斜坡非饱和带土体大孔隙定量化研究和三维重建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]系统开展植被发育斜坡非饱和带土体中大孔隙定量化和三维重建技术研究,为水分沿大孔隙迅速运移研究提供可靠理论依据,对于降雨型滑坡研究具有基础性意义。[方法]采用CT技术对云南省昭通市盘河乡头寨滑坡滑源区左侧斜坡区两个尺寸为25cm×25cm×50cm的大尺度土柱进行扫描,得到一系列平面和纵向CT切片图像。图像处理并计算得到了土柱中大孔隙随深度的变化情况以及3种物质(砾石、土体基质和大孔隙)的CT值范围;借助VolView 3.4体可视化交互系统实现了三维大孔隙通道系统的重组,研究其在空间内的连通性、分支性和复杂性。[结果]包括根系通道、动物通道、干缩裂缝及团聚体间的结构性孔隙广泛发育于非饱和带土体中,且大孔隙分布异质性明显,波动变异较大,随着深度的增加大孔隙呈逐渐减小的趋势。三维重组清晰可见土柱内含有较多独立分布的大孔隙通道,它们具有较好的连通性。[结论]CT扫描技术作为非破坏性获得技术在斜坡非饱和土体大孔隙定量化和三维重建研究中应用是可行的。 相似文献