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酸不可溶性木质素和漆酶在棉花抗黄萎病中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以抗病海岛棉Pima 90-53、耐病陆地棉冀棉20和感病陆地棉邯208为材料,研究黄萎病菌胁迫下棉花细胞壁的组织结构和木质素含量与棉花抗性的关系,并分析参与木质素合成的胞外漆酶的基因表达水平。结果发现,室内接种黄萎病菌24 h,在Pima 90-53的根部导管组织中没有发现病原菌的侵入,而在冀棉20和邯208的导管组织均有病原菌侵入;接种35 d时,Pima 90-53的茎部导管细胞壁高度木质化且导管堵塞不明显,冀棉20的导管细胞壁中度木质化且导管堵塞不明显,而邯208的导管细胞壁仅发生轻度木质化且导管堵塞严重。对田间病圃种植棉花叶片和叶柄的测定发现,3个品种的酸不可溶性木质素含量与品种的病情指数呈显著负相关(r = 0.99991*),酸不可溶与可溶性木质素的比值大小与棉花品种黄萎病抗性强弱表现一致。基于此,进一步采用Real-time PCR技术分析参与木质素合成的漆酶基因GhLaccas表达差异发现,在冀棉20接种病菌后各检测时间点的表达量均显著高于邯208,且在冀棉20中GhLaccase表达量较0 h升高9~14倍,在8 h达到最高并在72 h内一直维持较高水平,表现出较高的应答效率。以上结果表明酸不可溶性木质素含量与黄萎病抗性呈正相关,漆酶在棉花抗黄萎病过程中起着重要作用。 相似文献
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Physiological Mechanism of Different Varieties and Potassium Application Amounts on Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[Objective] It has theoretical guiding significance for the comprehensive control technology of Verticillium wilt of cotton to explore the effect of potassium nutrition on mechanism of cotton Verticillium wilt resistance under the condition of pathogen stress of Verticillium dahliae. [Method] Three cotton cultivars Jimian 11 (JM-11 as susceptible cultivar), Zhongzhimian 2 (ZZM-2 as control cultivar), Nongda 601 (ND-601 as resistant cultivar) were adopted, and each cultivar had 0, 75, 150, 225, 300 kg· hm－2 potassium levels represented by K0, K75, K150, K225, K300. Two factors split plot experiment was designed under artificial nursery inoculated Verticillium dahlia, to observe disease index of Verticillium wilt, and researched resistance associated substances content and enzyme activity. [Result] (1) The lignin, total phenol contents and POD, PAL activity in leaves or roots of JM-11 were more greatly influenced by Verticillium wilt compared with ZZM-2, ND-601; the crucial disease resistance substances and enzymes were lignin, total phenol and PAL for JM-11, total phenol for ZZM-2 and ND-601. (2) The lignin, total phenol contents and POD, PAL activities of JM-11 were more sensitive to root potassium than ND-601, but weaker than that of ZZM-2. The sensitivity of POD, PAL activities in functional leaves of JM-11 to potassium were more sensitive than ND-601 and ZZM-2. (3) The best effect of potash fertilizer for relieving disease index for JM-11, ZZM-2, ND-601 were 32.5%, 26.4%, 16.5%, and corresponding potassium application amounts were 290.5 kg·hm－2, 253.5 kg·hm－2 and 229.5 kg·hm－2, respectively. [Conclusion] Application of potassium could increase the resistance to Verticillium wilt and reduce the occurrence of cotton Verticillium wilt. 相似文献
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[Objective] The purpose of this study is to analyze the resistance mechanism of island cotton under Verticillium wilt stress and to find possible resistance genes. [Method] The cotton resistance mechanism under the stress of Verticillium dahliae was studied by protein two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry at the protein level. [Result] In the leaves, eleven proteins were down-regulated and 15 proteins were up-regulated after 2 hours of inoculation with Verticillium dahliae. The down-regulated proteins were mainly related to photosynthesis and carbon assimilation, and then we deduce that Verticillium dahliae is mainly broken cotton photosynthetic system to cause cotton susceptibility. The up-regulated proteins were mainly related to photosynthesis and benzoquinone reductase, beta-D-galactosidase, 14-3-3f protein and other disease-resistant protein. [Conclusion] It is speculated that the defense mechanism of island cotton on Verticillium wilt may occur at two levels: one is passive defense, it is manifested that the isoproteins of the down-regulated proteins such as chloroplast II AB binding protein and ribulose diphosphate carboxylase are highly expressed to maintain the stability of the island cotton photosynthetic system, the histone and 14-3-3f protein are highly expressed to keep the cell stability; the second is active defense, it is manifested that the high expressed β-D-galactosidase and benzoquinone reductase may be involved in the resistance of island cotton to Verticillium wilt. 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌与抗黄萎病遗传育种研究进展 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21
简要综述了棉花黄萎病菌及抗黄萎病遗传育种的研究进展。研究表明 ,各地的棉花黄萎病菌均存在致病力的分化 ,其致病机理是病菌侵入棉花后菌丝及孢子在导管内大量繁殖 ,同时刺激邻近的薄壁细胞产生胶状物质及侵填体而堵塞导管 ,使水分和养分运输发生困难 ,更重要的是病菌在棉株体内产生的糖蛋白毒素作用的结果。棉花抗黄萎病的遗传方式争论较大 ,但一般在温室由单一菌系接种鉴定时棉花黄萎病抗性表现为单基因遗传 ,而在田间病圃或用多菌系混合鉴定时 ,棉花黄萎病抗性表现为多基因遗传。由于陆地棉内缺乏高抗黄萎病资源 ,给棉花抗黄萎病育种带来一定困难 ,但 90年代以来 ,已育成 86 - 6、川 73 7、川 2 80 2、豫棉 1 9号、豫棉 2 1号等一些抗黄萎病的新品种。上述抗黄萎病品种在棉花黄萎病综合防治中起了重要作用 相似文献
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Induction of Defense Enzymes and Control Effect of Endogenous and Rhizosphere Bacteria on Verticillium Wilt of Cotton 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《棉花学报》2019,31(6):550-558
[Objective] The colonization in soil, promoting cotton growth effects, inducing resistance of cotton and controlling effects to cotton Verticillium wilt of Bacillus vanillea SMT-24, B. velezensis BHZ-29, B. subtilis SHT-15 and B. atrophaeus SHZ-24 were studied in this paper, which provides a scientific basis for better control of cotton Verticillium wilt. [Method] The antagonistic resistance of these bacteria to Verticillium dahliae was judged by observing the inhibition zone; the number of colonization in the rhizosphere soil was tested to represent the colonization ability of antagonistic bacteria; the growth promoting effect of strains on cotton was determined by analyzing cotton plant height, root length, root hair number and number of leaves; the effect of antagonistic strains on cotton induced resistance was explored by determining catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) activities in cotton leaves, and investigating the disease index of cotton after inoculation with antagonistic bacteria solutions. [Result] SMT-24, BHZ-29, SHT-15 and SHZ-24 strains significantly inhibited the growth of V. dahliae and formed a clear zone of inhibition. After 2 to 22 days of the third inoculation, these strains of bacteria could survive in the root soil, increase the plant height, leaf number, and root hair number of cotton plants, as well as the activities of cotton CAT, SOD, PAL and POD enzymes, but reduced the disease index. [Conclusion] SMT-24, BHZ-29, SHT-15 and SHZ-24 strains can promote cotton growth, increase the activities of some related defense enzymes, and effectively control cotton Verticillium wilt. 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病(Verticillium dahliae)是一种土传性真菌维管束病害,严重影响棉花的生产。本研究通过转录组数据分析筛选出一个与棉花黄萎病相关的氨基酸转运蛋白GhAAT基因,该基因在棉花根部响应黄萎病菌诱导表达。利用病毒诱导的基因沉默(virus-induced gene silencing, VIGS)技术研究其在棉花抗黄萎病中的功能。结果显示将该基因在棉花TM-1的叶片和根部沉默后,棉花对黄萎病抗性减弱,证明GhAAT基因参与调控了棉花抗黄萎病功能。发掘棉花抗黄萎病菌重要调控基因并揭示其分子机制对培育棉花抗病品种具有重要意义。 相似文献
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以中植棉KV1 SSH文库为基础,从陆地棉中植棉KV1中克隆出来泛素途径SKIP35基因,命名为GhSKIP35。该基因的开放阅读框全长为1863个核苷酸,编码620个氨基酸,含有1个ANK保守结构域。进化分析表明,Gh SKIP35蛋白与甜橙(Citrus sinensis)的SKIP35蛋白相似性最高。q RT-PCR分析显示:在接种大丽轮枝菌V991菌系后初期Gh SKIP35基因表达量激增,12 h便可达到顶峰,24~48 h逐渐下降,推测它在陆地棉抗黄萎病早期防卫反应中起重要作用。利用VIGS(Virus induced gene silencing)技术,在中植棉KV1中成功地沉默Gh SKIP35基因;对沉默棉株接种大丽轮枝菌V991鉴定显示,其病情指数为50.75,而野生型的中植棉KV1和转化空载体棉株的病情指数分别为9.38和11.54。Gh SKIP35基因沉默后,中植棉KV1对黄萎病的抗性丧失,表明Gh SKIP35基因在陆地棉抗黄萎病的过程中起重要作用。 相似文献
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棉花抗黄萎病机制研究进展 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
棉花黄萎病是一种土传真菌维管束病害,严重影响棉花产量和纤维品质。常规的防治手段可以局部控制但不能有效防治,采用传统的抗病育种策略培育抗病品种成效缓慢,因此对其防治一直是棉花生产上的难题。目前越来越多的研究集中在棉花对黄萎病的抗病机制方面。本文结合其他植物抗病研究进展从抗病基因介导的信号路径、乙烯在棉花与黄萎病菌互作中的作用、棉花对黄萎病菌的生理生化抗性以及棉花组织结构与黄萎病菌的抗性等4个方面总结棉花抗黄萎病的机制,以望对棉花抗病分子育种提供借鉴。 相似文献
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为了解决黄萎病对棉花的危害,利用基因工程技术培育抗病棉花品种是当前育种的主要目标。从棉花中克隆了一个黄萎病抗性基因GhCOI1,其编码冠菌素不敏感因子。GhCOI1基因序列全长2 213 bp,编码一个600氨基酸的多肽,分子量为68 k Da,等电点p I是7.06。GhCOI1含有典型的F-box和LRR结构域。组织表达分析表明,该基因在根器官优势表达,并且其表达受到大丽轮枝菌浸染诱导。利用病毒诱导基因沉默(Virus-induced gene silencing,VIGS)技术,抑制了GhCOI1基因在棉花植株中的表达;通过大丽轮枝菌接菌分析表明,GhCOI1基因沉默能够引起植株的抗性下降,发病加重。研究结果表明GhCOI1参与棉花对大丽轮枝菌抗性调控,因此,其可以作为棉花抗病育种的候选基因。 相似文献
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[Objective] The study of pathogenicity differentiation of Verticillium dahliae in the cotton growing areas in Hunan province could provide theories for breeding and promoting resistant varieties as well as integrated control of Verticillium wilt of cotton. [Method] Seventy seven strains of V. dahliae from major cotton growing areas in Hunan province were evaluated their cultural characteristics. The growth rate, sporulation quantity and pathogenicity of 31 strains among them were tested and SAS 9.1.3 statistical analysis software was used to cluster the pathogenicity of the tested strains. The special primer (D-1/D-2 and ND-1/ND-2) for polymerase chain reaction assay was used to test pathotype of 24 strains. [Result] According to their colony morphology on potato dextrose agar media and culture characteristics, the strains were classified into the sclerotium type, the hyphal type and the intermediate type accounted for 14.28%, 42.86% and 42.86%, respectively. The growth rate and sporulation quantity of the strains were 1.22–2.54 mm·d－1 and 5.3×106–40.6×106 spore·mL－1, which showed significant difference. In addition, based on the clustering results of average disease index,the strains were clustered into three groups which showed high (Type Ⅰ), low (Type Ⅱ) and moderate (Type Ⅲ) virulence to cotton with the proportion of 3.2%, 12.9% and 83.9%, respectively. [Conclusion] It is conclude that the main culture types of V. dahliae in Hunan province are the hyphal type and the intermediate type, and the strains showed pathogenicity differentiation. The result showed that defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae was dominant in the cotton growing areas of Hunan province． 相似文献
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相对病情指数划分棉花品种抗病性的统计学基础 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
对多年棉花品种的黄萎病抗病性鉴定资料分析表明,同一个品种的黄萎病病情指数年度间差异变化较大。8年的鉴定资料统计结果表明,中棉所12的病情指数年度间变异系数为37.4％,冀棉11为33.3％,方差分析表明它们的病情指数年度间变异极显著。对1992—1997年中棉所12的病情指数进行概率统计,其总体平均数的估计值为62.0,95％置信区间为[58.4,65.6];99％置信区间为[57.2,66.8]。利用本文方法计算的相对病情指数来表示棉花品种的黄萎病感病性,与利用病情指数表示方法相比,可以将年度间变异降低60％,发生概率p=0.997。本方法划分的抗病性不同于目前通用的以一个年度田间病情指数划分的品种抗病性,而是概率保证下的抗病性,具有深层的数理统计的意义。 相似文献