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1.
Evaluation of full cortical allografts in 25 dogs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
K R Sinibaldi 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,194(11):1570-1577
Twenty-five dogs received 26 cortical allografts from Apr 9, 1976 through Jan 31, 1982. Cortical allografts were used to reconstruct fractures of the femur, humerus, tibia, radius, and ulna. These grafts were used to replace comminuted fragments; to lengthen bones; to correct malunions, delayed unions, and nonunions; and in one case, to replace bone lost to sequestrum formation in an infected fracture site. All fractures were stabilized by use of standard ASIF techniques and dynamic compression plates. Frozen bone allografts were used in all cases. These were harvested aseptically and stored in a household freezer for 3 days to one year before use. Clinically normal function was achieved in 96% of the dogs. 相似文献
2.
H F Schryver 《American journal of veterinary research》1978,39(1):25-28
Bending properties of samples of cortical bone taken from the cranial, caudal, medial, and lateral quadrants of the midshaft of the radius, femur, and metacarpus of 12 ponies, 18 months old, were determined by 4-point loading at a rate of 10 mm/minute. The elastic modulus for all samples was between 16.2 and 20.2 GN/m2, and the ultimate breaking strength, between 204 and 255 MN/m2. There was greater variation in these properties between bone quadrants than between bones. Samples from the cranial and medial quadrants of both femur and radius were stiffer and had greater ultimate breaking strength than caudal or lateral samples. All samples of radius deformed more and absorbed more energy before reaching the greatest load than did samples of femur. The elastic modulus and the ultimate breaking strength of radius within any quadrant were highly correlated to specific gravity. However, at any specific gravity, caudal and lateral samples were not as strong as cranial and medial samples. Samples taken from exercised ponies, male ponies, or those fed diets containing 0.7% Ca,0.6% P or 2.7% Ca,1.1% P tended to be stiffer and have a greater ultimate breaking strength than samples taken from unexercised ponies, females, or those fed diets containing 0.7% Ca,1.4% P. 相似文献
3.
Canine osteosarcoma is the most commonly diagnosed primary bone tumour in the dog, affecting mainly large and giant breed dogs with the predilection site being the metaphysis of long bones, specifically the distal radius, proximal humerus, distal femur and proximal tibia and fibula. Treatment options are either palliative or curative intent therapy, the latter limb amputation or limb-sparing surgery together with chemotherapy. This article describes the use of an ipsilateral vascularised ulnar transposition autograft as well as chemotherapy in 2 dogs with osteosarcoma of the distal radius. Both dogs showed minimal complications with the technique and both survived over 381 days following the surgery. Complications seen were loosening of the screws and osteomyelitis. The procedure was well tolerated with excellent limb use. This technique is indicated for use in cases with small tumour size that have not broken through the bone cortex. 相似文献
4.
Intramedullary pressure in canine long bones 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Intramedullary pressure was measured bilaterally in 36 dogs: in the diaphysis and distal metaphysis of the femur, in the proximal metaphysis of the tibia and humerus, and in the diaphysis of the radius. Pressure measurements were repeated in 5 dogs, 14 days after the initial recordings. Mean (+/- SD) pressures in the femoral diaphysis and distal metaphysis were 27.6 (+/- 15.4) mm of Hg and 17.6 (+/- 10.5) mm of Hg, respectively. Mean (+/- SD) pressures in the tibial diaphysis and proximal metaphysis were 26.4 (+/- 13.0) mm of Hg and 17.9 (+/- 11.8) mm of Hg, respectively. Mean (+/- SD) pressures in the humeral diaphysis and proximal metaphysis were 26.2 (+/- 15.8) mm of Hg and 13.4 (+/- 7.7) mm of Hg, respectively. The mean (+/- SD) pressure in the radial diaphysis was 15.4 (+/- 18.9) mm of Hg. Metaphyseal pressure was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than diaphyseal pressure. Repeated pressure measurements in 5 dogs did not vary significantly from initial values, suggesting that the wide range of pressure was real not artifactual. 相似文献
5.
Valorie S. Mackey DVM Donald R. Trout DVM‡ Dennis M. Meagher DVM PhD† William J. Hornof DVM MS‡ 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1987,28(1):26-31
The medical records, radiographic and nuclear scintigraphic findings of 26 racing horses with 27 stress fracture episodes of the humerus, radius, or tibia were reviewed. The purposes of this study were to describe the radiographic and/or scintigraphic features of stress fractures of the humerus, radius, or tibia, and to evaluate the signalment and history of horses in which stress fracture occurred. Stress fractures of the three long bones examined were primarily seen in 2-and 3-year-old male Thoroughbred horses; commonly, the onset of lameness was immediately following training gallops or racing. There were 13 humeral stress fracture episodes in 12 horses. Ten were in the proximal caudolateral cortex, and three were in the distal craniomedial cortex. Radial stress fractures were seen in three horses, all in the midshaft radius. Tibial stress fractures were diagnosed in 11 horses. They were located in the proximal lateral tibia in six horses, the distal caudolateral tibia in three horses, and the midshaft tibia in three horses. Fifteen stress fractures were diagnosed with radiographs alone, one was diagnosed with scintigraphy alone, nine were diagnosed with radiographs and scintigraphy, and, in two horses, radiographs were negative, but the scintigraphic findings were consistent with stress fracture. 相似文献
6.
Evaluation of the proximal portion of the femur as an autogenous cancellous bone donor site in dogs.
P B Trevor M M Smith S Stevenson C B Carrig 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(9):1599-1603
The proximal portion of the femur was evaluated as a source of autogenous cancellous bone in dogs. Bilateral oval cortical defects were created in the lateral subtrochanteric area of the femur in 16 dogs. Cancellous bone was removed and the weight recorded. Cancellous bone was similarly harvested from the proximal portion of the humerus in 7 of these dogs. Subtrochanteric femoral defects in 11 dogs were randomly assigned to receive cancellous bone graft obtained from the femur (n = 4) or the humerus (n = 7). Subtrochanteric defects in 5 dogs were not grafted. Radiographic assessment of subtrochanteric defects was performed at 4-week intervals, and histologic assessment at 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks after surgery. Nongrafted donor sites healed by ingrowth of trabecular bone during the first 12 weeks after surgery. By week 24, the lateral cortical wall had reformed, but remodeling was incomplete. Donor sites grafted with cancellous bone healed similarly, but with more rapid healing and more complete remodeling evident by week 24. Although the mean weight of cancellous bone harvested from the proximal portion of the femur (0.82 +/- 0.22 g) was significantly (P less than 0.05) less than that harvested from the proximal portion of the humerus (1.38 +/- 0.29 g), there was no qualitative histologic or radiographic difference in bony healing of grafted defects. We determined that the proximal portion of the femur can be safely used to provide moderate amounts of cancellous bone, and that a second bone graft can be collected from the same subtrochanteric donor site after 12 weeks. 相似文献
7.
M. Risselada DMV M. Kramer DVM PhD H. van Bree DVM PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2003,44(2):214-220
The objective of this study was to identify access portals for ultrasonographic evaluation of canine long bones (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, and tibia). A 7.5 MHz linear transducer was used in five medium-sized dogs (range of 25-35 kg body weight). Good approaches could be identified for all long bones. For the proximal humerus, a cranial portal, and the distal humerus, a lateral portal is suggested. For the radius and ulna, a craniolateral approach seemed to be the best. In the hindlimb, a medial approach for the femur and a craniolateral approach for the tibia were the most effective approaches. 相似文献
8.
SUSANNE K. LAUER EMMA S. DAVIES GISELLE HOSGOOD JEANNETTE CREMER 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(1):97-103
Quantitative ultrasound allows noninvasive assessment of cortical bone density. Potential applications include monitoring of fracture healing, rehabilitation, and skeletal diseases. The objectives of this study were to determine the three most accessible portals to obtain speed of sound measurements of the radius and tibia with an Omnisense multisite quantitative ultrasound device and to determine probe-dependent intra- and interoperator variability for speed of sound measurements of the radius and tibia in six healthy hounds. The radius was most accessible at the cranial proximal metaphysis, the cranial middiaphysis, and medial distal metaphysis. Speed of sound measurements were possible at these sites on the radius with acceptable intra- and interoperator variation (1.6–4.6%). Measurements differed significantly when performed with different probes at the cranial proximal radial metaphysis. The tibia was most accessible at the cranial proximal metaphysis, the medial middiaphysis, and medial distal metaphysis. The medial middiaphyseal and mediodistal tibial sites allowed measurements with lowest intra- and interoperator variation (<3.5%). A smaller probe allowed tibial measurements with lowest interoperator variation. Measurements did not differ significantly at each tibial site when different probes were used. Measurements did not differ significantly between observers when measuring with the same probe at each specific site on radius and tibia. A medium-size probe allowed for most time-efficient measurements and the least number of failed measurements on the radius and tibia. Speed of sound can be consistently measured by different observers on the radius and tibia in healthy hounds. 相似文献
9.
J L Demko M E Soniat S Elder R McLaughlin 《Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology》2008,21(4):323-328
An in vitro experimental cadaveric mechanical testing study was performed using 20 radiographically mature dogs, weighing between 18-33 kg. The aim of the study was to compare the axial pull-out strength of 3.5 mm cortical and 4.0 mm cancellous bone screws inserted in the canine proximal tibia using manual and power tapping techniques. 3.5 cortical and 4.0 cancellous bone screws were inserted in canine cadaver proximal tibiae using a manual or power tapping technique. The screws were extracted using a servohydraulic materials testing machine in order to measure axial pull-out strength. Axial pull-out strength was recorded relative to the total bone width and total cortical width of each tibia. The mean axial pull-out strength for all constructs was 717.8+/-56.5 N without any statistically significant difference among groups (p=0.4183). The groups were equal in animal body weight, cortical width and total bone width (p=0.2808). The axial pull-out strength in proportion to cortical and total bone width was not significantly different among groups (p=0.5318). Axial pull-out strengths of 3.5 mm cortical and 4.0 mm cancellous bone screws inserted in the proximal tibial metaphysis were not significantly different. Axial pull-out strength was not affected by the use of power tapping in either screw type. 相似文献
10.
JOSEPH P. DESCH II D.V.M. M.S. HUGH C. BUTLER D.V.M. M.S. MARK M. GUFFY D.V.M. M.S. † HORST LEIPOLD D.V.M. M.S. Ph.D. 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1982,11(3):84-91
This study was undertaken to determine what difference, if any, occurred when autogenous cancellous bone was placed in the medullary canal of a fresh, 4-cm cortical allograft compared to a fresh cortical allograft alone. Twelve mature dogs were used. A tubular cortical graft was placed in the midshaft of both tibias. The right tibia received the combination graft while the left tibia received a fresh cortical allograft only. Study periods ranged from one week to 17 weeks. The progress of the grafts was assessed by technetium-99m radionuclide bone scans, radiographs, gross and histological examination, and tetracycline labeling. Results indicate that autogenous cancellous bone placed in the medullary canal of a fresh cortical allograft was beneficial to the ingrowth of new blood vessels and incorporation of the cortical graft. 相似文献
11.
硒对STZ诱发糖尿病大鼠骨密度影响的研究初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
比较了在低硒饲料的基础上补充不同形态硒对糖尿病大鼠骨密度的影响。健康SD大鼠 1 2 8只 ,体重 50～ 60 g,随机分为 4组 ,每组 32只 ,雌雄各半 ,其中Ⅰ组为低硒对照组 (饲料含硒量 0 0 37mg/kg) ;Ⅱ组为补充亚硒酸钠组 (饲料含硒量 0 3mg/kg) ;Ⅲ组为补充富硒麦芽组(饲料含硒量 0 3mg/kg) ;Ⅳ组为补充富硒酵母组 (饲料含硒量 0 3mg/kg)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的饲料均是在Ⅰ组低硒饲料的基础上分别添加适量的亚硒酸钠、富硒麦芽、富硒酵母后配制而成。喂饲 5周后 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组用链脲佐菌素 (streptozotocin ,STZ)按 60mg/kg腹腔注射诱发糖尿病 ,继续饲喂 6周。用单光子吸收法测定各组大鼠的肱骨、股骨、胫骨、桡骨的骨密度。结果表明 :①STZ致糖尿病大鼠的骨密度随时间的延长有逐渐下降的趋势。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ补硒组大鼠可以在一定时间内延缓STZ致糖尿病大鼠的骨密度下降。在此期间骨密度的下降以肱骨出现最早 ,股骨次之 ,桡骨、胫骨再次之。②饲料补硒组糖尿病大鼠的肱骨、股骨中硒的含量较饲料低硒组糖尿病大鼠的肱骨、股骨中硒的含量显著提高。③补充硒的形态 ,即有机硒 (富硒麦芽、富硒酵母 )或无机硒 (亚硒酸钠 )对糖尿病大鼠肱骨、股骨、胫骨、桡骨的骨密度影响差异不显著。 相似文献
12.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether medullary reaming alone, or followed by cemented hemiarthroplasty, influenced porosity, vascularity, and new bone formation in the proximal portion of the femur in dogs. ANIMALS: 12 adult mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURE: Unilateral femoral head and neck excisions were performed, followed by femoral medullary reaming in 6 dogs and femoral medullary reaming and cemented hemiarthroplasty in 6 dogs; the contralateral femur was used as a control. All dogs were euthanatized 28 days after surgery, and femurs were harvested. Vascularity, porosity, and new bone formation were quantified for all femurs of dogs from both groups at 3 proximal-to-distal levels, 3 regions (periosteal, midcortical, and endosteal), and 4 quadrants (cranial, caudal, medial, and lateral) of the femur. RESULTS: Medullary reamed and cemented hemiarthroplasty femurs had significant increases in vascularity and porosity at all levels and in new bone formation at levels 2 and 3. Porosity was increased significantly in the periosteal region of the cemented hemiarthroplasty (9.7+/-0.7%), compared with control (2.3+/-0.2%) and medullary reamed (8.4+/-0.7%) femurs. Porosity was increased in the caudal and medial quadrants in the medullary reamed and cemented hemiarthroplasty femurs; vascularity results were similar. CONCLUSION: Increased porosity, vascularity, and new bone formation in reamed and cemented hemiarthroplasty-treated femurs supports the theory that surgical trauma associated with medullary reaming is an important factor in early cortical bone loss after hip arthroplasty. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Femoral remodeling associated with reaming and broaching is appreciable but may be only a temporary response, whereas other factors may be responsible for chronic cortical bone loss. 相似文献
13.
正常公母犬四肢长骨间骨量相互关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用双光子吸收法 (DPA)测定 81只健康大型犬 (其中公犬 45只 ,母犬 36只 )远端桡尺骨、肱骨、胫骨及股骨的骨矿含量 (BMC)和骨密度 (BMD)。结果表明 ,公犬各骨骼间BMC和BMD相关系数 (r)分别平均为 0 90和 0 71,估计标准误 (SEE)分别平均为 11 32 %和 10 67% ;母犬r分别平均为 0 89和 0 59,SEE分别平均为 11 32 %和 10 67%。公犬肱骨和母犬股骨相关性高 ,预测性好 ,尤其两者对胫骨预测性更好 (公犬BMC ,r =0 91,SEE =9 67% ;BMD ,r =0 76 ,SEE =8 67% ;母犬BMC ,r =0 91,SEE =7 69% ;BMD ,r =0 70 ,SEE =6 90 % )。 相似文献
14.
J M Liptak M R Edwards S P James W S Dernell R J Scott A M Bachand S J Withrow 《Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology》2008,21(2):140-146
The biomechanical characteristics of 1.2 mm diameter allogeneic cortical bone pins harvested from the canine tibia were evaluated and compared to 1.1 mm diameter stainless steel pins and 1.3 mm diameter polydioxanone (PDS) pins using impact testing and four-point bending. The biomechanical performance of allogeneic cortical bone pins using impact testing was uniform with no significant differences between sites, side, and gender. In four-point bending, cortical bone pins harvested from the left tibia (204.8 +/- 77.4 N/mm) were significantly stiffer than the right tibia (123.7 +/- 54.4 N/mm, P = 0.0001). The site of bone pin harvest also had a significant effect on stiffness, but this was dependent on interactions with gender and side. Site C in male dogs had the highest mean stiffness in the left tibia (224.4 +/- 40.4 N/mm), but lowest stiffness in the right tibia (84.9 +/- 24.2 N/mm). Site A in female dogs had the highest mean stiffness in the left tibia (344.9 +/- 117.4 N/mm), but lowest stiffness in the right tibia (60.8 +/- 3.7 N/mm). The raw and adjusted bending properties of 1.2 mm cortical bone pins were significantly better than 1.3 mm PDS pins, but significantly worse than 1.1 mm stainless steel pins (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, cortical bone pins may be suitable as an implant for fracture fixation based on initial biomechanical comparison to stainless steel and PDS pins used in clinical practice. 相似文献
15.
Fukuda S Iida H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(7):755-760
Age-related changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and cross-sectional area and bone strength index (SSI) of the femur, tibia, humerus, and first lumbar vertebra in female Wistar (WM/MsNrs) rats were examined by a quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) method. One hundred and sixteen virgin female Wistar (WM/MsNrs) rats aged 2-33 months were used. The data indicate that the total BMD values of metaphyses and diaphyses of long bones increased until 12 months, then decreased to a varying degree depending on the bone after 15-24 months, but the values of cortical and trabecular BMD with age were not always similar to the total BMD value. Nevertheless, the values for cross-sectional area and SSI in the long bones increased regardless of the total BMD decrease with age, indicating that this increase might have been due to a characteristic of the modeling pattern in rats. The total and cortical BMD values in the first lumbar vertebra decreased after 18 months, and SSI did after 15 months. The data obtained in this study were compared with those obtained from males in a previous study. In conclusion, it was indicated that in this strain the rats over 12 months with the highest total BMD values in the femur and tibia, and before the onset of various tumors, are useful as a model animal for osteoporosis experiments and observation of senile bone change. 相似文献
16.
1. Sex-related differences of long pelvic limb bones and serum bone metabolism indices were evaluated in 14-month-old female (N = 7) and male (N = 7) ostriches of similar body weights.
2. Densitometric parameters of femur, tibia and tarsometatarsus were determined using quantitative computed tomography (volumetric bone mineral density, calcium hydroxyapatite density and mean volumetric bone mineral density) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (bone mineral density and bone mineral content) methods. Geometrical parameters such as cortical bone area, cross-sectional area, second moment of inertia, mean relative wall thickness and cortical index were determined in the midshaft of bones. Mechanical properties of bones (maximum elastic strength and ultimate strength) were evaluated using three-point bending test. Serum concentrations of free amino acids, osteocalcin, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, C-terminal telopeptides of type II collagen and total antioxidative capacity were also determined.
3. Bone weight and relative bone weight of all bones were significantly higher in males than in females. Significantly lower values of trabecular bone mineral density and calcium hydroxyapatite density were found in the trabecular bone of tibia in males. The highest number of the sex-related differences was observed in the tarsometatarsus where bone length, bone mineral content, cortical bone area, cross-sectional area and ultimate strength were higher in males. Serum concentrations of taurine, hydroxyproline, valine and isoleucine were significantly higher in males.
4. Higher loading of the tarsometatarsus in comparison to femur and tibia may be an important factor interacting with sex hormones in regulation of bone formation and mineralisation processes. Sex-related differences of bone properties were associated with increased serum concentration of selected amino acids in males. 相似文献
17.
The effects of body size and cage profile on the shear strength of bones from caged layers aged 72 weeks were studied. Bones tested included the radius, ulna, humerus, femur, and tibiotarsus. The ultimate shear force of the femur, tibia, and humerus all increased as body size increased (P less than 0.01). The wing bones of birds housed in high profile cages had higher shear breaking loads than birds housed in low profile cages. The ultimate shear stresses of the bones were not affected by body size or cage profile. The radius had the highest shear stress (29.2 MPa), followed in descending order by the ulna (19.1 MPa), tibiotarsus, humerus (11.4 MPa) and femur (11.3 MPa). 相似文献
18.
Bilateral midshaft femoral osteotomies were fixed with a 3-mm fracture gap in 6 dogs. In each dog, one femur was fixed with a porous titanium-surfaced bone plate and screws, whereas the opposite femur was fixed with a standard smooth-surfaced bone plate and screws. The mean removal torque for porous titanium-surfaced screws (32.3 kg X cm) was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than the mean removal torque for standard screws (4.4 kg X cm). Osseous tissue ingrowth into the surface of porous titanium-surfaced screws was verified by histologic examination of the bone-screw interface. Radiographic and histologic examinations of the osteotomy gaps showed accelerated primary gap healing in osteotomies fixed with porous titanium-coated implants, compared with slower callus healing seen in osteotomies fixed with standard smooth-surfaced implants. 相似文献
19.
A feline tibial nonunion model was used to evaluate the efficacy of fresh autogeneic and deep-frozen allogeneic cortical chip grafts for bone repair. Rigidly fixated tibial ostectomies with a segmental defect length of 1 cm were grafted with 3 mm X 2 mm chips of cortical bone in 12 skeletally mature cats. Six cats were given fresh autogeneic bone (group A) and 6 were given deep-frozen allogeneic bone (group B). Bone healing was evaluated radiographically and histologically over a 12-week period. Consolidating bony callus and palpable stability of the tibia after bone plate removal were evident in all group A cats and 4 of the 6 group B cats by 12 weeks after surgery. Bone remodeling had progressed to intermediate restoration of diaphyseal structure in 2 cats of each group. Fibrous replacement of graft chips, absence of bony callus, and instability of the tibia after bone plate removal were evident in 1 group B cat at 12 weeks. The remaining group B cat was withdrawn from the study at 6 weeks due to loosening of the bone plate and screws. 相似文献
20.
B M Daubs R M McLaughlin E Silverman J Rizon 《Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology》2007,20(3):175-179
A simulated lateral humeral condylar fracture was created in each of the 52 humeri collected from 26 dogs. One humerus from each pair was stabilized with a 2.0 mm cortical bone screw which was inserted in lag fashion. The other humerus from each pair was stabilized with a 2.2 mm threaded diameter Orthofix pin inserted across the condyle. Prior to each repair, an antirotational K-wire was placed and then the Pressurex Sensitive film was inserted in the osteotomy site in order to determine the compressive pressure (MPa), compressive force (KN), and area of compression (cm(2)) achieved during fixation. The maximum insertional torque achieved before stripping was measured for each implant. The mean compression generated by insertion of a 2.0 mm lag screw was 20.36 +/- 1.51 MPa compared to 18.88 +/- 1.76 MPa generated by a 2.2 mm Orthofix pin (p < 0.003). The mean area of compression generated by insertion of a 2.0 mm lag screw was 2.39 +/- 1.29 cm(2), compared to 1.16 +/- 0.84 cm(2) generated by insertion of a 2.2 mm Orthofix pin (p < 0.0001). The mean compressive force (compression x area compressed) generated by insertion of a 2.0 mm lag screw was 4.96 +/- 2.90 Kn, compared to 2.20 +/- 1.65 Kn generated by insertion of a 2.2 mm Orthofix pin (p < 0.0001). The mean insertion torque to failure for the lag screws was 0.49 +/- 0.07 NM, compared to 0.91 NM +/- 0.18 NM generated by the Orthofix pins (P < 0.0001). Both repair methods are likely to be acceptable for the repair of similar fractures in small breed dogs. 相似文献