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在目前的细菌分类中，拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）黄杆菌科（Flavobacteriaceae）的里默杆菌属（Riemerella）由鸭疫里默杆菌（Riemerella anatipestifer ）和鸽里默杆菌（Riemerella columbina ）两个种组成。有研究者分离鉴定到家鸽源表型特征类似于黄杆菌科里默杆菌属成员的菌株，并被建议命名为鸽咽喉里默杆菌新种（Riemerella columbipharyngis sp．nov）。论文对里默杆菌属的分类进展及对里默杆菌属、鸭疫里默杆菌、鸽里默杆菌种的修订描述和鸽咽喉里默杆菌新种的描述等进行了综述。 相似文献
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本文通过平皿分离培养及生理生化反应，对桑园土壤中的芽孢杆菌分布及种类进行了分析，结果表明，在上层土和下层土中的芽孢杆菌分布及种类存在较大的差异，在１～５ｃｍ、５～１０ｃｍ土层中，芽孢杆菌占细菌总数的百分比分别为１３．３７％和２．３２％。共检出芽孢杆菌１５种，并将其中１１种确定到种，在土壤分布中占优势的种为枯草芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、蕈状芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌。 相似文献
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杆菌肽锌在畜禽饲养中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
薛志成 《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2006,(1):23-24
杆菌肽是多肽类抗生素，产生于枯草杆菌和地衣杆菌。它有许多异构体，分别为杆菌肽A、A，、B、C、D、E、F1、F2、F3和G，目前生产中应用的杆菌肽是杆菌肽A，其结构是由12个氨基酸组成的多肽。杆菌肽A由于极易吸潮和被分解，生产中在发酵达到杆菌肽效价最高时，直接在培养液中加锌盐，以生成较稳定的杆菌肽锌络合物，即杆菌肽锌。因其本身具有固有的特性而在饲养业中普及应用，是目前应用最多的抗生素饲料添加剂。 相似文献
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任文义李娅楠杨双鸣张力莉徐晓锋 《饲料研究》2023,(8):78-83
试验旨在研究地衣芽孢杆菌与植物乳杆菌复合微贮稻草发酵对稻草营养成分的影响及可能机制。试验采用完全随机设计，随机分为5组，每组6个重复。对照组稻草不添加菌剂进行微贮，植物乳杆菌组、复合菌组Ⅰ、复合菌组Ⅱ和复合菌组Ⅲ微贮稻草的地衣芽孢杆菌添加量分别为0、8×105、1×106、1.2×106 CFU/g DM，植物乳杆菌添加量均为5×106 CFU/g DM。试验期30 d。结果显示，发酵第30 d，复合菌组Ⅰ、复合菌组Ⅱ和复合菌组Ⅲ稻草微贮的pH值均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。复合菌组Ⅲ的隶属函数平均值结果综合表现最优。发酵7 d时稻草微贮细菌群落的丰富度和多样性最高。在门水平上，厚壁菌门相对丰度随着发酵时间的增加而增加；在属水平上，乳杆菌属丰度呈先增加后减少趋势，第7 d时最高。溶酶体、鞘脂类代谢、其他多糖降解、糖胺聚糖降解、磷酸盐和磷酸盐代谢等途径在稻草发酵过程具有明显差异。研究表明，植物乳杆菌复合地衣芽孢杆菌微贮稻草发酵优于单独添加植物乳杆菌。 相似文献
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自制清热解毒口服液的药理实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
清热解毒口服液为治疗温热病的清热解毒剂。现代药理学的研究表明，本方剂药物对溶血性链球菌、脑膜炎球菌、肺炎双球菌、霍乱弧菌、炭疽杆菌、白喉杆菌、枯草杆菌、绿色链球菌均有抑制作用；对伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、八联球菌、肺炎杆菌、百日咳杆菌、鼠疫杆菌、布氏杆菌、破伤风杆菌、产气荚膜杆菌、结核杆菌等亦有效。其药理作用主要表现在抗病原微生物的作用、清热解毒作用、 相似文献
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1农杆菌介导法农杆菌介导法是最早应用、最实用有效并且具有最多成功实例的植物转基因方法。目前，用于植物转基因介导的农杆菌是根癌农杆菌和发根农杆菌。某些根癌农杆菌和发根农杆菌分别含有大小为200～800碱基对的结构和功能相似的n质粒和Rj质粒。Ti质粒和Ri质粒含有3个功能区， 相似文献
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炭疽是自然疫源性疾病，为人畜共患的急性、败血性传染病．严重者可引起死亡，对人类危害大，所以发现病例需快速诊断，以便及时采取措施，减少损失．在类症鉴别上，排除类炭疽杆菌很有必要．今就其鉴别技术简述如下：1快速串珠试验此法鉴别结果快，只需1．5～3小时，且方法简便，R需实验室常用器材和药品，无需特殊设备．滤纸片上青霉素的浓度需在200单位以上，炭疽杆菌都能形成串珠，而类炭疽杆菌则无．2美腹抗体试驻发应杆菌呈现田供，而类炭疽杆菌呈明他3运动力检查用＊满法和半固体培养基法，炭植圩首无运动性，而类发疽杆菌有根毛，… 相似文献
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小鹅流行性感冒的病原体是属于嗜血杆菌属，与流行性感冒嗜血杆菌相类似，称为鹅败血嗜血杆菌，亦将其称为败血巴氏杆菌。笔者诊治了一例，现将情况报告如下，供同行参考。 相似文献
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Three groups of beef cows that were similar in growth and mature size, but different in genetic potential for level of milk provided to their calves, were studied. A procedure for fitting grafted polynomials based on calf suckling data was used to estimate the total amount of milk produced by each cow during 205-d lactations. Estimated 205-d milk production of the high milk group exceeded that of the medium and low milk groups by 186 and 561 kg, respectively. Differences in milk production of the three groups tended to increase as dams got older. The pooled, within milk-group correlation between calf gain to 205 d and milk intake was .60. Calves suckling dams with low milk production relied earlier and to a greater extent on alternative food sources of lower nutritional value than milk. Calves suckling high milk-group dams had 16.9 kg greater 205-d weaning weight than those suckling low milk-group dams, solely because of differences in maternal environment. Calves from the high milk group maintained 63% of the advantage over those in the low milk group in 205-d weight through a fairly rapid postweaning growth period to slaughter. 相似文献
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Yuko HARUTA-ONO Hiroshi UENO Noriko UEDA Ken KATO Toshimitsu YOSHIOKA 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(2):178-183
We previously found that dietary sphingomyelin (SPM) concentrate from bovine milk improved epidermal function. In this study, we investigated the dosage of dietary SPM concentrate from bovine milk in relation to the improvement of epidermal function. Thirteen-week-old hairless male mice were separated into four experimental groups, each fed one of four types of experimental diet: the control group, the low SPM group, the medium SPM group and the high SPM group. The mice were each fed the experimental diet for 6 weeks. The stratum corneum hydration and the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured using a Corneometer and a Tewameter at 3 weeks and 6 weeks. After the feeding period, ceramides in the stratum corneum were analyzed. We found that the stratum corneum hydration in all the SPM groups was significantly higher than that in the control group, whereas TEWL in all the SPM groups was significantly lower than that in the control group. Ceramides increased significantly in mice fed the medium SPM diet and statistically tended to increase in mice fed the high SPM diet. Our results indicate that a daily intake of 17 mg SPM concentrate is enough to improve epidermal function in hairless mice. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究赖氨酸(Lys)对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)内乳脂肪合成相关基因和蛋白表达的影响,探讨Lys影响乳脂肪合成的机理。将第3代BMECs随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复1个培养孔。各组培养基中Lys的浓度分别为0.5(基础培养基,对照)、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0和16.0mmol/L,37℃、5%CO2培养48h后测定BMECs甘油三酯(TAG)含量、乳脂肪合成相关基因和蛋白的表达量。结果表明:BMECs内TAG含量(P=0.013)以及脂肪酸结合蛋白3(FABP3,P=0.001)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL,P=0.096)、脂肪酸合成酶(FASN,P=0.003)、乙酰甘油磷酸脂酰转移酶6(AGPAT6,P=0.038)和甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶(GPAM,P=0.022)基因表达量对Lys呈显著或趋于显著的浓度依赖效应。FABP3基因表达量以2.0、4.0、8.0、16.0mmol/L组和LPL基因表达量以1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0、16.0 mmol/L组显著高于0.5mmol/L组(P0.05);FASN基因表达量以2.0mmol/L组最高,显著高于16.0mmol/L组(P0.05);硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1(SCD1)基因表达量以2.0、4.0mmol/L组显著高于其他组(P0.05);磷脂酸磷酸酯酶1(LPIN1)、嗜乳脂蛋白亚家族1成员1(BTN1 A1)和黄嘌呤脱氢酶(XDH)基因表达量均以1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0mmol/L组显著高于0.5mmol/L组(P0.05);过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)基因及蛋白表达量均以2.0、4.0mmol/L组显著高于0.5和8.0、16.0mmol/L组(P0.05);固醇调节元件结合蛋白1(SREBP1)基因表达量以1.0、2.0、4.0mmol/L组显著高于其他组(P0.05),蛋白表达量以1.0 mmol/L组显著高于其他组(P0.05)。但高浓度Lys抑制AGPAT6和GPAM的基因表达,AGPAT6基因表达量以2.0、4.0、8.0、16.0mmol/L组显著低于0.5、1.0mmol/L组(P0.05),GPAM基因表达量以16.0mmol/L组显著低于0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0mmol/L组(P0.05)。可见,Lys对BMECs的乳脂肪合成具有显著的促进效果,但高浓度的Lys抑制了乳脂肪合成相关基因的表达。本试验条件下,培养基中Lys适宜浓度为2.0~4.0mmol/L。 相似文献
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L.F Ayanwale J.B Kaneene D.W Johnson C.C Muscoplat R.K Anderson 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1981,4(3-4):343-352
Lymphocytes of bovine milk origin were investigated by immunostimulation in vitro to standardize the assay for measuring the immune responses of the cells which might be useful in further understanding the immunopathology and diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. The lymphocytes were separated from whole freshly collected milk by centrifugation. The pellet of lymphocytes was washed in RPMI-1640 medium, cultured at different concentrations for different days and with Brucella abortus soluble antigen strain 1119-3 and Concanavalin A. Each culture was labelled with 1.0 μCi of methyl-[3H]thymidine 16–18 hours prior to termination of incubation at 37 C. Termination was done by cooling to 4 C. The cells were harvested for liquid scintillation counting spectrometry. In the groups of calfhood vaccinated cows and nonexposed milkers, a milk lymphocyte concentration of 2.0 × 106/ml of medium yielded a statistically significant blastogenesis. The Brucella abortus soluble antigen concentration of 4.4 μg of protein/well was found optimal to induce significant immunostimulation. A period of 4 days of incubation of the milk lymphocyte in the test was found optimal in inducing statistically significant blastogenesis in this system. 相似文献
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饲粮中添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶牛产奶性能及乳脂中共轭亚油酸含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文旨在研究饲粮中添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶牛产奶性能及乳脂中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量的影响。试验选取体重(600±29)kg、胎次2~3胎、泌乳期(158±3)d及泌乳量(22.8±1.8)kg/d的泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛15头,采用完全随机区组设计分为3组,每组5头,进行为期40 d的饲养试验,其中1~9 d为预试期,10~40 d为正试期。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组和试验2组分别在基础饲粮中添加96和160 g/(d·头)的黄花蒿乙醇提取物。结果表明:整个试验期间,2个试验组的产奶量(第24、31和40天)、乳脂率、乳脂产量、乳蛋白率、乳蛋白产量、非脂固形物含量以及乳脂中的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、短链脂肪酸、中链脂肪酸和长链脂肪酸含量与对照组相比均无显著差异(P0.05);2个试验组的乳脂中CLA含量分别比对照组提高了30.7%和38.6%,其中试验2组与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。由此得出,饲粮中添加适量的黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶牛产奶性能没有明显影响,但可以提高其乳脂中CLA含量,从而优化乳脂中脂肪酸的比例。 相似文献
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Rhone JA Ward R De Vries A Koonawootrittriron S Elzo MA 《Tropical animal health and production》2008,40(5):341-348
A study was conducted to investigate determinates of how milk pricing system, farm location, farm size, and month and year
affected farm milk price (FMP), farm milk revenue (FMR) and loss in FMR of dairy farms in the Central region of Thailand.
A total of 58,575 milk price and 813,636 milk yield records from 1034 farms were collected from November of 2004 to June of
2006. Farms were located in the districts of Muaklek, Pak Chong, Wang Muang, and Kaeng Khoi. A fixed linear model was used
to analyze milk price of farms. Two pricing systems were defined as 1 = base price plus additions/deductions for milk fat
percentage, solids-non-fat, and bacterial score, and 2 = same as 1 plus bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC). Farm size (small,
medium, and large) was based on the number of cows milked per day of farms. Results showed that FMP were lower (P < 0.05) in pricing system 1 than pricing system 2. Most small farms had higher (P < 0.05) milk prices than medium and large farms across both pricing systems. Large farms lost more milk revenue due to deductions
from bacterial score and BTSCC than small and medium farms. 相似文献
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大豆黄酮、芒柄花素及其组合对奶牛产奶性能、血浆和乳中激素含量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验旨在研究大豆黄酮、芒柄花素及其组合对奶牛产奶性能、血浆和乳中激素含量的影响。选取健康年龄、泌乳期相近的40头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组,分别为对照、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组10头。所有奶牛饲喂全混合日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在此基础上分别添加2.50 g大豆黄酮、35.0 g芒柄花素、1.25 g大豆黄酮+17.5 g芒柄花素。进行127 d的饲养试验,其中预试期7 d,正试期120 d。结果显示:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组产奶量与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05),分别比对照组提高了30.40%、27.77%、28.37%;试验组的乳脂产量均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);试验组的乳蛋白率和乳蛋白产量均高于对照组,其中试验Ⅲ组与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组乳糖产量显著高于对照组(P0.05);对照组乳尿素氮含量显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P0.05);试验组血浆中雌酮含量低于对照组,而试验组乳中雌酮含量高于对照组,但差异均不显著(P0.05);试验组血浆和乳中雌二醇-17β含量均高于对照组,试验Ⅲ组与对照组差异显著(P0.05);试验组血浆和乳中孕酮含量均高于对照组,其中血浆中试验Ⅱ组与对照组差异显著(P0.05),乳中试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组与对照组差异显著(P0.05);各组间血浆中促卵泡素、促黄体素含量差异不显著(P0.05);各试验组血浆中催乳素含量均高于对照组,其中试验Ⅱ组与对照组差异显著(P0.05);试验组乳中雌马酚含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。因此,补饲大豆黄酮、芒柄花素及其组合可提高奶牛产奶量,改善乳品质,显著增加乳中雌马酚含量,同时使奶牛血浆和乳中雌二酮、孕酮含量增加。 相似文献
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Barłowska J Litwińczuk Z Kedzierska-Matysek M Litwińczuk A 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2007,10(3):159-164
Polymorphism of goat milk alphas1-casein was determined and potential relations between genetic variants of this protein fraction and goat performance were evaluated. The investigations were performed on 598 goats assigned to of 4 breed groups (White improved 254 units, Coloured improved--124, White non-improved--146 and Coloured non-improved--74). For each goat, alphas1-casein polymorphism was determined in polyacrylamide gel by the PAGE-SDS method and percentage of milk alphas1-casein and gene frequency established. There was evaluated goat performance at successive lactations. In the goat population investigated, AA, AB, BB, AE, BE and EE alphas1-casein genotypes were identified. In all four breeds, alphas1-casein genotype EE clearly predominated (27.2-39.2%), recognized as "medium" and its share was higher in the groups of non-improved goats. It was conditioned by high frequency of gene E alphas1-casein (0.419-0.622). Generally, EE genotype percentage was higher in the non-improved goat groups. The improved goats, though, obtained higher productivity in each of the lactation studied. Analysis of relationships between alphas1-casein genetic variants and goats performance confirmed a significant influence on milk, protein and fat yields only in the Coloured improved goat group. There was revealed a more general tendency indicating a significant impact of "strong" alphas1-casein genotypes on a concentration of basic milk components, i.e. fat and protein, especially casein. In a group of goats producing milk of the highest casein content (over 2.4%) and protein (over 3.0%), the animals showing "strong" alphas1-casein variants dominated (85 and 70 %). 相似文献
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of roasting whole soybean in the local level on their chemical composition,
nitrogen fractions, in situ degradability, and feeding performance in crossbred (Karan Swiss and Karan Fries) dairy cows.
Twelve lactating crossbred cattle (369.08 ± 17.53 kg body weight) were randomly divided into two groups on the basis of milk
yield (10.18 kg/day) and day of calving (89 days) in a randomized block design. Cows were fed green maize fodder and concentrate
mixtures with 1 kg raw soybean as fed basis (7.6% of total diet) in the control group, where as roasted soybean replaced raw
soybean in the treatment group to make both diets isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The roughage to concentrate ratio was around
55:45 in both diets. The cows were housed in individual byres and fed experimental diet for 90 days. The total dry matter
intake per animal in both groups was similar. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract,
and neutral detergent fiber was comparable in both groups. The average milk production and fat-corrected milk yield per day
was similar during the trial. Milk fat, milk protein, and solids not fat content remained unaffected and similar in both groups.
All the animals maintained their body weight in both groups. Thus, rumen bypassing of protein fractions at the present method
of bypassing did not have the desired level of beneficial effect in medium producing crossbred cows. 相似文献