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Cellular response to rabies virus infection 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
F Bussereau P Perrin 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1982,5(1-3):49-59
The effects of rabies virus on host cells were studied and compared to those obtained with another rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus [J. Virol. 34, 777-781 (1980)]. We show here: (1) that rabies infection has no effect on cell morphology, while infection with vesicular stomatitis virus caused cell retraction. Thus, only vesicular stomatitis virus induced a depolymerization of the microfilaments; and (2) that microtubules and microfilaments do not play a major role in rabies virus production, as it is suggested by results obtained with several effectors (colcemid, colchicine and cytochalasin-B) which directly or indirectly affect cytoskeleton organization. The same properties were observed with directly or indirectly affect cytoskeleton organization. The same properties were observed with vesicular stomatitis virus. Furthermore, the use of cytochalasin-B shows that an inhibition of glycosylation of the virion spike protein occurs only in rabies infected cells. As vesicular stomatitis viral glycosylation is normal in cytochalasin-B treated cells, results obtained indicate that two types of interactions can occur between a virion and the host-cell depending on the rhabdovirus type. 相似文献
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为了研究绿色荧光蛋白标记对牛乳腺上皮细胞超微结构和细胞体外生长的影响,试验分离、培养和鉴定了牛乳腺上皮细胞,对细胞进行绿色荧光蛋白标记,制作超薄切片,用透射电镜观察细胞超微结构,并进行核型分析。结果发现,牛乳腺上皮细胞呈典型的"铺路石样"单层生长,经绿色荧光蛋白标记后,细胞发出绿色荧光,且维持转染前的基本形态,可以表达广谱细胞角蛋白。在超微结构上,转染前后的牛乳腺上皮细胞均有大而明显的核仁,核膜清晰,核内聚集有异染色质,表明遗传物质稳定。细胞表面微绒毛发达,显示物质、能量或信息的交流活动较强;胞质内线粒体、内质网丰富,胞质内均含有大量的脂滴,显示细胞营养物质代谢旺盛。对GFP标记乳腺上皮细胞进行染色体核型分析显示细胞内含有60条染色体,形态正常,呈二倍体核型。试验结果表明,绿色荧光蛋白可以用于标记牛乳腺上皮细胞,不会对细胞体外生长活性和超微结构等造成明显影响。 相似文献
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Andriana BB Kanai Y Kimura J Fukuta K Hayashi Y Kurohmaru M 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2005,34(3):171-175
Leydig and Sertoli cells of the immature lesser mouse deer testes, obtained in East Malaysia, were observed using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The testes were fixed in 5% glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 1% OsO4, dehydrated in ethanol, and embedded in Araldite M. Serial semi-thin sections were cut, stained with toluidine blue and observed using light microscopy. Serial ultra-thin sections were cut, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined using TEM. As a result, ultrastructurally, two types of underdeveloped filament bundles were infrequently recognized in Leydig cells, but not in other testicular cells. One type was the underdeveloped bundles of actin filaments (approximately 5 nm in diameter), which were found in the nucleus of Leydig cells. The other type was the underdeveloped bundles of intermediate filaments (approximately 10 nm in diameter), which were found in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells. A multivesicular nuclear body (MNB)--specifically present in the Sertoli cell nucleus of ruminant testes--was infrequently observed. The MNB is situated in the vicinity of nuclear membrane, still in an underdeveloped stage. 相似文献
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The interaction between Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and ovine alveolar macrophages with and without the addition of antibody was observed by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae organisms had the ability to attach to the plasma membrane of macrophages without inducing phagocytosis although they stimulated mitotic division in early cultured cells. The addition of specific antibody to mycoplasma—macrophage cultures stimulated phagocytosis of the organisms. Macrophages stimulated by antibody showed rapid and extensive spreading on the coverslip and their plasma membrane exhibited prominent ruffling. Many openings and fine cytoplasmic pits were also evident. With transmission electron microscopy numerous micro-organisms were seen within phagocytic vacuoles two hours after the addition of antibody. 相似文献
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旨在用类金属毒性物质——砷对辽宁绒山羊皮肤成纤维细胞的染毒试验，探索砷对绒山羊皮肤成纤维细胞毒性作用和其诱导细胞凋亡的机制，为后续研究砷对绒山羊皮肤细胞生长的影响提供理论依据。本研究随机选取1只7月龄各项机能正常，体重为25 kg左右的雄性辽宁新品系绒山羊，取其腹部皮肤，进行细胞培养。将二甲基砷酸药物配制成11个不同浓度组（0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1、5、10、25、50、100 mmol·L-1），对细胞量为3×104个·mL-1皮肤细胞进行药物染毒24、48、72、96 h后，经MTT法进行3次重复试验，得到绒山羊皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖与抑制情况以及后续试验所选用的时间点和4个浓度组（对照、促进、临界、半抑制浓度（IC50）），进一步借助免疫荧光检测观察细胞骨架形态变化；彗星试验检测细胞DNA损伤情况；流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡；透射电镜观察细胞质与细胞器的变化；测定细胞内荧光染料Mito-Tracker Green的染色强度分析线粒体跨膜电位（ΔΨm）以及观察分析溶酶体的数量情况。结果，24 h时不同浓度的OD值均能明显地反映出二甲基砷酸对绒山羊皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖和抑制趋势，而48、72、96 h时增殖作用逐渐减弱甚至消失，24 h时细胞增殖与抑制效果最佳，因此选取24 h时的对照组（未做任何处理）、促进浓度组（0.8 mmol·L-1）、临界浓度组（1 mmol·L-1）、IC50浓度组（38.68 mmol·L-1）进行后续的试验。24 h时，剂量范围0.1～1 mmol·L-1的二甲基砷酸促进绒山羊皮肤成纤维细胞增殖，此阶段细胞骨架形态完整，细胞DNA未出现拖尾现象，凋亡率较小，线粒体数目增多，膜结构清晰，嵴致密，形态完整，膜电位升高，溶酶体数量增多；浓度大于1 mmol·L-1的二甲基砷酸抑制绒山羊皮肤成纤维细胞生长，引起明显的细胞毒性（P<0.01），此时细胞骨架形态发生改变，DNA未出现拖尾现象，凋亡率显著上升，线粒体发生肿胀，形态不规则，嵴断裂溶解，膜电位降低，溶酶体数量减少。IC50组细胞骨架形态差异很大，细胞DNA出现彗星尾，最多最明显（P<0.01），细胞凋亡数目明显增多，膜电位明显降低（P<0.01），溶酶体数量显著下降（P<0.01）。本研究探索了二甲基砷酸对辽宁绒山羊皮肤成纤维细胞的毒性作用以及诱导细胞凋亡的机制，表明一定浓度的二甲基砷酸对辽宁绒山羊皮肤成纤维细胞具有毒性作用，并具有进一步诱导细胞凋亡作用。 相似文献
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Objective To characterize conjunctival lymphoid nodules obtained from the nictitans of healthy cats to determine if the follicle‐associated epithelium (FAE) of conjunctiva‐associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) in this species contains membranous (M)‐cells analogous to those described in other regions of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Methods Lymphoid follicles from nictitan bulbar surfaces of 10 healthy cats (20 eyes total) were examined. Nictitans from five cats were harvested immediately post‐mortem and a minimum of 12 lymphoid nodules from each third eyelid were isolated using a Zeiss operating microscope. At least three lymphoid follicles from each eye were examined using light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using standard fixation and embedding protocols. Nictitan‐lymphoid follicles from another five healthy cats were processed for immunohistochemistry to characterize the distribution of T‐ and B‐lymphocytes present beneath the FAE. Results The FAE overlying CALT from 10 healthy cats demonstrated morphology characteristic of M‐cells including attenuated apical cell surface with blunted microvilli and microfolds, invaginated basolateral membrane forming a cytoplasmic pocket, and diminished distance between the apical and pocket membrane. Immunohistochemistry of lymphoid tissue subtending the FAE demonstrated B‐cell dependent regions in the germinal centers surrounded by T‐cell dependent interfollicular zones. Conclusions Healthy feline CALT contains morphologic features analogous to those described in other regions of MALT. Documentation of feline conjunctival M‐cells is of clinical relevance in the study of primary infectious, allergic, and autoimmune ocular diseases, as well as a potential means of vaccination or drug delivery. 相似文献
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Alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P) reactions at the light and electron microscopic levels were performed on eight canine mammary mixed tumours. In the morphologically normal gland next to the tumours, the myoepithelial cells and the stromal tissues near the acinar basement membranes both showed a positive ALK-P reaction by light microscopy. At the electron microscopic level, those parts of the myoepithelial cell membrane that were in contact with other cells--myoepithelial or lumenal epithelial--showed an ALK-P-positive reaction, as did the adjacent stromal tissue. The characteristic tumour cells, at sites of early proliferation, were ALK-P-positive, while in the mucoid and chondroid areas of the mixed tumours they were largely ALK-P-negative by light microscopy. By electron microscopy, those neoplastic cells which were in contact with other cells typically showed a positive ALK-P reaction, while those cells which were in contact with mucoid or chondroid matrix were largely negative. Although the cytoplasmic filaments of the neoplastic cells were 10 nm thick, and those of normal myoepithelial cells were 6 to 8 nm thick, the observations reported provide further evidence for the view that the essential cells of the canine mammary mixed tumour are derived from myoepithelial cells. 相似文献
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G. G. Ortiz A. Feria-Velasco F. P. Pacheco-Moisés S. Rodríguez-Reinoso J. A. Cruz-Ramos S. A. Rosales-Corral R. J. Reiter 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2009,38(4):279-281
The ultrastructure of the Harderian gland of Atlantic bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found the following surface features: the typical round appearance of the ascinar glandular unit with a finely granular surface, a thin cortex and immediately below two types of cells: type I cells (characterized by small lipid vacuoles) and type II cells (characterized by large lipid vacuoles). It has been suggested that different cells forms represent a single cell type in varying activity states. Additionally, a coalescent tubular complex, a small balloon-like structures and large globular structures were observed. These structures may be reservoirs of secretion products. 相似文献
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Bezuidenhout AJ 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2005,34(3):185-191
There are conflicting reports in the existing literature on the nature of the epithelial lining and the content of the supporting connective tissue of the respiratory air sacs of birds. The present study describes the light and electron microscopic structure of the thoracic air sacs of the fowl. A simple squamous epithelium lined the greater part of the thoracic air sacs. The squamous cells characteristically contained vesicles filled with lamellar or myelinoid material. Localized areas of cuboidal to columnar ciliated epithelium were randomly distributed and often associated with underlying blood vessels. Isolated ciliated cells first appeared on squamous or low cuboidal cells and increased in frequency as the cells became taller. Occasional basal and goblet cells were seen between the ciliated columnar cells. A fibrous connective tissue stroma supported the epithelium. Fine elastic fibres were particularly prevalent immediately below the epithelium. Isolated smooth muscle myocytes were present in the connective tissue stroma. A sheet of smooth muscle extended some distance into the membrane from the attachment of the latter to the body wall. Numerous small blood vessels, lymphatics and occasional nerve bundles were observed in the stroma. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Acute laminitis is characterised by hoof lamellar dermal-epidermal separation at the basement membrane (BM) zone. Hoof lamellar explants cultured in vitro can also be made to separate at the basement membrane zone and investigating how this occurs may give insight into the poorly understood pathophysiology of laminitis. OBJECTIVES: To investigate why glucose deprivation and metalloproteinase (MMP) activation in cultured lamellar explants leads to dermo-epidermal separation. METHODS: Explants, cultured without glucose or with the MMP activator p-amino-phenol-mercuric acetate (APMA), were subjected to tension and processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: Without glucose, or with APMA, explants under tension separated at the dermo-epidermal junction. This in vitro separation occurred via 2 different ultrastructural processes. Lack of glucose reduced hemidesmosomes (HDs) numbers until they disappeared and the basal cell cytoskeleton collapsed. Anchoring filaments (AFs), connecting the basal cell plasmalemma to the BM, were unaffected although they failed under tension. APMA activation of constituent lamellar MMPs did not affect HDs but caused AFs to disappear, also leading to dermo-epidermal separation under tension. CONCLUSIONS: Natural laminitis may occur in situations where glucose uptake by lamellar basal cells is compromised (e.g. equine Cushing's disease, obesity, hyperlipaemia, ischaemia and septicaemia) or when lamellar MMPs are activated (alimentary carbohydrate overload). POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Therapies designed to facilitate peripheral glucose uptake and inhibit lamellar MMP activation may prevent or ameliorate laminitis. 相似文献
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Oyamada T Tanaka H Park CH Ueki H Komiya T Arai S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(11):1155-1161
Of 197 cases of canine oral malignant melanoma, 29 cases with myxoid, cartilage, and osteoid formation were studied pathologically and immunohistochemically. Tumor tissues were classified into spindle cell type (13 cases), epithelioid cell type (1 case), and mixed type (15 cases). Myxoid matrixes (29 tumors) were formed mainly in the tissues of spindle cell type and were positive for Alcian blue (pH 2.5). Cartilaginous matrixes (12 tumors) were formed in the myxoid tumor tissues. The morphology of atrophied neoplastic cells, which were embedded in the cartilage cavities, significantly differed from that of spindle cells proliferating in surroundings. There were reticular areas in the process of transitioning from myxoid to cartilaginous matrixes. Osteoid matrixes were not continuous with myxoid or cartilaginous matrixes, and arose as eosinophilic trabeculae in the dense collagenous connective tissues. A calcified bone trabecula was present among the osteoid trabeculae in a case. Melanin-producing melanocytes were proliferating in the collagenous matrixes, while amelanotic cells were in the osteoid matrixes. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated proliferating neoplastic cells as melanocytes. All cells in/out of these three matrixes were positive for Melan-A, S-100 protein, NSE, and vimentin. From these results, it is suggested that cartilage and osteoid matrixes are produced by dedifferentiated melanocytes. 相似文献
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A tissue culture system to study respiratory ciliary epithelial adherence of selected swine mycoplasmas 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
An in vitro culture system for swine tracheal epithelial cells was developed to study the adherence of swine mycoplasmas. Swine tracheal epithelial cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion and cultured on microporous membranes. Growth medium was placed under the membrane support to create air-liquid interface feeding resulting in the cells growing cilia and microvilli on the apical surface. Two strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (pathogenic strain 91-3 and non-pathogenic type strain J) and two strains of Mycoplasma flocculare (type strain Ms42 and field isolate 7160T) were used in this study. The morphology of the cultured tracheal cells was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Adherence of M. hyopneumoniae and M. flocculare and damage to the cilia were demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy. The pathogenic M. hyopneumoniae strain 91-3 adhered to cilia inducing obvious damage. The non-pathogenic M. hyopneumoniae strain J did not adhere to mature cilia. Both M. flocculare strains Ms42 and 7160T adhered to mature and budding cilia. No obvious ciliary damage was observed with strain Ms42. Minimal damage consisting of a slight tangling of the cilia occurred after adherence by strain 7160T. This model will enable us to further study the role of adherence of mycoplasmas on the pathogenesis of swine pneumonia. 相似文献
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Distribution of actin filaments in the seminiferous epithelium of the Habu,Trimeresurus flavoviridis
Masamichi Kurohmaru Toshiyasu Matsui Hitomi Igarashi Shosaku Hattori Yoshihiro Hayashi 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(5):505-507
The distribution of actin filaments was examined in the seminiferous epithelium of the Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis; snake), by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence histochemistry. By transmission electron microscopy, actin filaments were clearly found only at the site between Sertoli cell and spermatid without a lattice‐like structure. Fluorescence histochemistry showed a weak labelling of actin filaments in the seminiferous epithelium, whereas these findings seem to be common among reptiles, they are different from those in mammals. Additionally, the bundles of actin filaments adjacent to the plasma membrane of Sertoli cells, appeared in other reptiles, were not observed in the Habu. 相似文献
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对霉形体进入DK传代细胞内,并进行增殖的情况,作了详细的电镜观察.结果如下:(1)霉形体靠近传代细胞膜表面呈串珠样排列;霉形体与传代细胞膜表面接触部位融合增厚,电子密度增高,向内凹陷,将霉形体裹入细胞质,形成由膜结构包着的包涵体.(2)在传代细胞质中,除可见由膜结构包裹着的霉形体性包涵体外,还可见没有任何膜包着的散在的霉形体,并且均可见到霉形体的裂殖增殖相和出芽增殖相.(3)在传代细胞核的核周池和核质中,均见到典型的霉形体及其裂殖增殖相.(4)霉形体在传代细胞中大量的增殖,致使细胞崩解,霉形体即被释放出来.(5)霉形体使传代细胞出现严重的超微病变.本文还讨论了传代细胞培养污染霉形体后难以救治的根本原因是,霉形体在传代细胞内增殖,故仅仅着眼于消除培养液中的霉形体是不能达到预期结果的. 相似文献
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Donelli G Fiorentini C Matarrese P Falzano L Cardines R Mastrantonio P Payne DW Titball RW 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(3):145-156
To investigate the mode of action of Clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin, MDCK cells were treated with purified toxin and incubated at 37 degrees C for up to 24h. Exposure to epsilon-toxin caused a time-dependent decrease in cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions. After 30min of treatment retraction of the cell body and the emission of filopodia were detectable in a number of cells. Longer exposure resulted in cell rounding and cell blebbing which reached a maximum after 5h of toxin treatment. A parallel modification in the cytoskeleton was also detected. Actin marginalization and the entanglement of microtubules and intermediate filaments were observed by fluorescence microscopy after 30min of toxin exposure. Functional alterations of the plasma membrane of MDCK cells were assessed by flow cytometry. After 10 or 30min of intoxication an increase in cell volume was detected, indicating an alteration in plasma membrane permeability. These findings provide evidence for cytoskeletal changes and plasma membrane functional alterations in the in vitro cell response to C. perfringens epsilon-toxin. 相似文献
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R J Hidalgo E W Jones J E Brown A J Ainsworth 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(12):2028-2032
Anaplasma marginale was propagated in a tick cell line derived from Dermacentor variabilis embryos. The rickettsial organism was identified and monitored in culture by transmission electron microscopy and the indirect immunofluorescence technique, using specific monoclonal antibodies. Inoculation of the embryonic tick cell line with midguts of infected adult ticks (culture 1), nymphal ticks (culture 2) and adult ticks that were infected as nymphs and dissected as adults (culture 3) resulted in 3 continuous cultures of A marginale. Culture 1 had been maintained through 22 passages over a 11-month period; cultures 2 and 3 had been maintained for 18 passages over a 9-month period. Growth of A marginale in the cell line began in the area of the nuclear membrane at approximately 4 days after inoculation or transfer. Thereafter, the organisms were observed in inclusions scattered throughout the cytoplasm of the host cells. Maximal growth of the organism occurred at 7 to 14 days, after which numbers of inclusions rapidly decreased to minimal or undetectable levels. The organism began new cycles of growth with each 1:5 to 1:10 split and transfer of the host cells. Electron microscopy of recently infected cells revealed a morphology of the organism that closely resembled that observed in marginal bodies of infected erythrocytes. After several passages, A marginale organisms had a varied morphology and resembled the organism described in midgut cells of naturally infected ticks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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Andriana BB Mizukami T Kanai Y Kimura J Fukuta K Kurohmaru M Hayashi Y 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2003,32(6):370-372
Leydig cells of lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) testes were observed using light and transmission electron microscopies. Sexually mature lesser mouse deer were obtained in East Malaysia. The testes were perfused with 5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed with 1% OsO4, dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in Araldite. The semithin sections were cut, stained with toluidine blue and observed under light microscopy. The ultrathin sections were cut, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined using a JEM-1200 transmission electron microscope. As a result, two types of filament bundles were frequently recognized in Leydig cells, but not in other testicular cells. These bundles were clearly seen at even a light microscopic level. One type was bundles of actin filaments (approximately 5 nm in diameter). These structures were found not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus. The other type was bundles of intermediate filaments (approximately 10 nm in diameter). These structures were found only in the cytoplasm. The existence of filament bundles has never been reported in the testicular cells of another mammalian species. Thus, while bundles of actin and intermediate filaments are specifically present in the Leydig cells of the lesser mouse deer, their functions are still unclear. 相似文献
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The morphology of six strains of Mycoplasma iowae was studied at various stages of growth by scanning electron and light microscopy. The six strains, which formerly represented avian mycoplasmal serotypes I, J, K, N, Q, and R, produced filaments and branching filaments, sometimes with centrally or terminally located bulbous swellings. During cell division, the filaments appeared to develop into chains of coccal, coccobacillary, and elongated cells. Mycoplasmas that appeared as chains of cocci under light microscopy were often observed as coccobacillary or fusiform when viewed with scanning electron microscopy. The morphology of single or paired cells of all strains included cocci, rods, coccobacilli, and pleomorphic forms. Fusiform and teardrop-shaped cells with bleb-like structures were also observed. Some cells of all strains deteriorated by the latter growth stages, forming clumps of flattened irregular-shaped cells, sometimes intertwined with fragmented filaments. The formation of filaments, branching filaments, and the other cell morphology indicated that the six strains of M. iowae were similar in morphology and growth characteristics. 相似文献