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1.
Background
The excessive use of inorganic P (Pi) in soils is alarming as it is causing numerous environmental problems and may lead to the depletion of rock phosphate reserves earlier than expected. Hence, to limit the over-dependence on Pi, there is the need to investigate organic phosphorus (Po), which is the dominant P form of soil P pool, as an alternate P source for plant growth.Aim
The present study seeks to investigate organic P use efficiency of eight varieties of faba bean grown symbiotically.Methods
The plants were grown in pots (6 kg soil) under greenhouse condition with three P source, namely, phytic acid (organic P, Po), KH2PO4 (inorganic P, Pi), and no-P. The P was applied at the rate of 1.79 g kg−1 soil.Results
The plants grown with Po and Pi produced similar amounts of root, shoot, and total dry matters. Despite producing statistically similar dry matters, P uptake by Pi-fertilized plants was twofold higher than by Po-fertilized plants. Meanwhile, Pi differed significantly from Po in terms of nodulation characteristics such as nodule dry biomass and individual nodule dry biomass. However, Po varied significantly from Pi in P utilization and acquisition efficiencies. Principal component analysis of Pi and Po revealed no significant variation and close association, confirming the nonsignificant differences between the two P treatments. Among the varieties tested, Tiffany tended to accumulate more dry matter, coupled with highest organic P utilization efficiency (0.48 g mg−1) as well as the highest organic P beneficiary factor (80%).Conclusion
These results provide a solid basis for further comparisons at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels between Tiffany (Po-efficient) and Fuego (Po-inefficient) varieties, offering deep insights into and making it easier to understand the mechanisms that allow soil Po to be utilized under symbiotic conditions. 相似文献2.
Marie Reimer Clara Kopp Tobias Hartmann Heidi Zimmermann Reiner Ruser Rudolf Schulz Torsten Müller Kurt Möller 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(2):217-233
Background
Fertilization with organic waste compost can close the nutrient cycles between urban and rural environments. However, its effect on yield and soil fertility must be investigated.Aim
This study investigated the long-term effect of compost on soil nutrient and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentration, nutrient budgets, and nitrogen (N) mineralization and efficiency.Methods
After 21 years of annual compost application (100/400 kg N ha–1 year–1 [100BC/400BC]) alone and combined with mineral fertilization, soil was analyzed for pH, organic carbon (SOC), nutrient (total N and P, Nmin, extractable CAL-P, CAL-K, and Mg), and PTE (Cu, Ni, Zn) concentrations. Yields were recorded and nutrient/PTE budgets and apparent net mineralization (ANM, only 2019) were calculated.Results
N efficiency was the highest in maize and for mineral fertilization. Compost application led to lower N efficiencies, but increased ANM, SOC, pH, and soil N, and surpluses of N, P, and all PTEs. Higher PTE concentrations were only found in 400BC for Cu. Nutrient budgets correlated with soil nutrient concentration. A surplus of 16.1 kg P ha–1 year–1 and 19.5 kg K ha–1 year–1 resulted in 1 mg kg–1 increase in CAL-P and CAL-K over 21 years.Conclusion
Compost application supplies nutrients to crops with a minor risk of soil-accumulation of PTEs. However, the nutrient stoichiometry provided by compost does not match crop offtakes causing imbalances. Synchronization of compost N mineralization and plant N demand does not match and limits the yield effect. In winter wheat only 65–70% of N mineralization occurred during the growth period. 相似文献3.
William H. Blake Sideris P. Theocharopoulos Nikos Skoulikidis Paul Clark P. Tountas Richard Hartley Yorgos Amaxidis 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(4):671-682
Purpose
The impact of wildfire on (a) slope hydrological processes, (b) soil erodibility, and (c) post-fire hillslope sediment and phosphorus (P; dissolved and particulate) yields are quantified for natural forest areas of the burned Evrotas River basin, Peloponnese, Greece. Further, the geochemical partitioning of P in burned and unburned sediment is evaluated by sequential extraction to assess potential bioavailability of particulate P (PP) in downstream aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献4.
Jerry Celumusa Dlamini Eyob Habte Tesfamariam Robert Dunn J. Evans Jane Hawkins Martin Blackwell Adrian Collins Laura Cardenas 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(4):406-416
Background
Riparian buffers are primarily implemented for their water quality functions in agroecosystems. Their location in the agricultural landscape allows them to intercept and process pollutants from immediately adjacent agricultural land. Vegetated riparian buffers recycle soil organic matter, which elevates soil carbon (C), which upon processing, processes and releases carbon dioxide (CO2). The elevated soil C and seasonally anoxic environments associated with riparian buffers promote denitrification and fermentation, further increasing soil CO2 production.Aim
Against this context, a replicated plot-scale experiment was established at North Wyke, UK, to measure the extent of soil CO2 emissions in permanent pasture served by grass, willow, and woodland riparian buffers, as well as a no-buffer control.Methods
Soil CO2 was measured using the static chamber technique in conjunction with soil and environmental variables between June 2018 and February 2019.Results
Cumulative soil CO2 fluxes were in the descending order: woodland riparian buffer; 11,927.8 ± 1987.9 kg CO2 ha–1 > no-buffer control; 11,101.3 ± 3700.4 kg CO2 ha–1 > grass riparian buffer; 10,826.4 ± 2551.8 kg CO2 ha–1 > upslope pasture; 10,554.6 ± 879.5 kg CO2 ha–1 > willow riparian buffer; 9294.9 ± 1549.2 5 kg CO2 ha–1. There was, however, no evidence of significant differences among all treatments of the current study.Conclusions
Despite the lack of significant differences, the results from our short-term study show that the woodland riparian buffer had relatively larger soil CO2 emissions than the remainder of the other riparian buffers and the upslope pasture it serves. Our short-term findings may be useful in developing soil CO2 mitigation strategies through careful selection of riparian buffer vegetation and may be useful in calibrating mechanistic models for simulating such emissions from similar agro systems. 相似文献5.
Patricia Miretzky Monica Rodriguez Avendaño Carolina Muñoz Alejandro Carrillo-Chavez 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(4):619-627
Purpose
Tessier's sequential extraction method is usually used to study metal parting among different phases in soils. The main objective of this study was to determine the redistribution of trace metals which were added simultaneously to a sandy loam soil by use of the fractional distribution and reduced partition indexes and the risk of assessment code (RAC). 相似文献6.
Background
In arid and semiarid countries, grain yield of maize is increasingly impaired by soil salinity. Beside soil amelioration, the development of salt-resistant cultivars is a possibility to enhance crop yield on salt-affected soils.Aims
This study aimed at testing yield performance in the field of salt-resistant maize hybrids on a salt-affected soil. In addition, planting density was optimized under the saline conditions.Methods
Four salt-resistant maize hybrids (Zea mays L. SR-05, SR-12, SR-15, and SR-16) were grown under control (EC = 2.0–2.5 dS m−1) and saline (EC = 10.0–12.0 dS m−1) field conditions and compared to the salt-sensitive maize cv. Pioneer-3906. Planting density (5, 8, or 11 plants m−2) was optimized for saline soil conditions for SR-12 and the local hybrid EV-78.Results
Yield of Pioneer-3906 was significantly reduced under salinity because of inhibited kernel setting, whereas the SR hybrids showed no decrease in grain yield. Based on grain yield, the optimum planting density was 8 plants m−2 with no further increase with 11 plants m−2. In contrast to SR-12, for cv. EV-78 no increase of harvest index with 8 relative to 5 plants m−2 was observed.Conclusions
Vegetative growth of Pioneer-3906 and the SR hybrids was decreased due to Phase-I effects but neither due to water deficiency nor ion toxicity. The experiment corroborated the salt resistance of the SR hybrids under field conditions. Under saline conditions, optimum planting density of salt-resistant cultivars may be higher than under nonsaline conditions when sufficient water supply by artificial irrigation is guaranteed. 相似文献7.
Effects of bacteria on metal bioavailability,speciation, and mobility in different metal mine soils: a column study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Purpose
Successful phytoremediation depends mainly on the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil. Recently, soil microbes possess several mechanisms that are able to change metal bioavailability in the soil, which provides a new strategy for investigating biogeochemical cycling of metals in contaminated soils. Three metal mines soils with elevated concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn from China were applied in this column study to (1) evaluate the effects of metal tolerant bacterial inoculation (Burkholderia cepacia, accession number: AB051408) on metal release, (2) monitor the migration of metals in the rhizospheric horizon (0–20 cm), and (3) investigate metal speciation and sequential fractions in soil. 相似文献8.
Miriam Katherine Reid Kate L. Spencer Laura Shotbolt 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(3):518-528
Purpose
The purpose of this research was to assess the precision and accuracy of a BCR and Tessier microwave-assisted sequential extraction procedure, in comparison to the conventional versions for a range of metals using a soil, lake and estuarine certified reference material (CRM). 相似文献9.
Background
In practical farming, there is often a need for short-term availability of information on the soil nutrient status.Aims
To develop a new express method for the extraction of major plant-available nutrients and measurement of soil nutrients. In future, this method shall serve for in-field measurements of soil samples with an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET).Methods
Various extraction conditions such as type of extractant, soil-to-solution ratio, time, and intensity were investigated on a broad selection of dried soil samples in the laboratory. Based on 83 field-moist soil samples with varying clay contents, these conditions were compared to standard laboratory methods.Results
With increasing extraction time, the nutrient concentrations increased. When the soil-to-solution ratio was reduced, a greater share of nutrients was extracted, independent of soil type. H2O and 0.01 M CaCl2 and standard calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL) solution proved to be too weak in the short period to reach the ISFET sensor measurement range. Higher concentrated CAL solutions performed much better. Finally, a 5-min CaCl2 extraction followed by the removal of an aliquot for the determination of soil pH and NO3− was found to be effective. The remaining solution was then mixed with 0.20 M CAL solution for the analysis of H2PO4− and K+ at 10 min of extra extraction time. This extraction method showed very good correlations with the values based on the German laboratory reference methods for pH (R2 = 0.91) and for nitrate (R2 = 0.95). For phosphorus and potassium, we obtained an R2 of 0.70 and 0.81, respectively, for all soils. When soils were grouped according to clay content higher correlations were found.Conclusions
A new express method based on a wet-chemical approach with a soil preparation procedure was successfully developed and validated. This seems to be a valuable basis for future in-field measurements via ISFET. 相似文献10.
Daniel J. Wanke Jasmin Heichel Sabine Zikeli Torsten Müller Tobias Edward Hartmann 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(5):599-608
Background
Organic farmers frequently report sufficient yield levels despite low or even very low soil phosphorous (P) contents questioning the applicability of widely used laboratory methods for soil P testing for organic farming.Aims
The aim of this study was to compare the validity of a broad range of different soil extraction methods on soils under organic management from South West Germany and to test the correlation of the measured soil P concentration with plant offtake.Methods
Twenty-two soil samples of eight different organic farms were extracted with different solutions: (1) water, (2) CAL, (3) Olsen, (4) Mehlich 3, (5) Bray P1, (6) Bray P2, (7) NaOH+Na2EDTA, and (8) total P. The results were then correlated with above ground plant P.Results
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs) of correlations between above ground plant P and extractable soil P (Water-P, CAL-P, and Olsen-P [+active charcoal {+AC}]) determined with ICP-OES were strong (0.94, 0.90, and 0.93, respectively). Among the tested methods, above ground plant P showed a strong correlation with CAL-P as detected by ICP-OES (rs = 0.90) and colorimetry (rs = 0.91). The comparison of CAL-P data provided by farmers and CAL-P analyzed during this research showed discrepancies between the results.Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that the CAL method can be used in organic farming despite a low extraction of organic P (Porg). Furthermore, it is recommended for farmers to take soil samples for analyses regularly and interpret changes in P in the long-term instead of interpreting individual samples. 相似文献11.
María Nazaret González-Alcaraz José álvarez-Rogel Antonio María-Cervantes Consuelo Egea Héctor Miguel Conesa 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(9):1316-1326
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the behaviour of P in saline Spolic Technosols flooded with eutrophic water, with and without plant rhizosphere, in order to assess the role of these soils as sinks or sources of this nutrient.Materials and methods
Samples were taken from basic (pH?~7.8), carbonated and acidic (pH?~6.2), de-carbonated soils of salt marshes polluted by mine wastes. Three treatments were assayed: pots with Sarcocornia fruticosa, pots with Phragmites australis and pots without plants (bare soil). The pots were flooded for 15?weeks with eutrophic water (PO 4 3? ~6.92?mg?L?1) and pH, Eh and water-soluble organic carbon and PO 4 3? concentrations were monitored in the soil solution. A soil P fractionation was applied before and after the flooding period.Results and discussion
The PO 4 3? concentration in the soil solution decreased rapidly in both soils, with and without plant, being diminished by 80?C90?% after 3?h of flooding. The Fe/Mn/Al oxides and the Ca/Mg compounds played an important role in soil P retention. In pots with S. fruticosa, the reductive conditions due to flooding induced P release from metal oxides and P retention to Ca/Mg compounds. In turn, P. australis may have favoured the release of P from carbonates, which was transferred to Fe/Mn/Al compounds.Conclusions
The retention of P by the soil was the main mechanism involved in the removal of PO 4 3? from the eutrophic flooding water but to evaluate the capacity of these systems as long-term P sinks, the combined effect of metals, Ca/Mg compounds and specific plant species should be considered. 相似文献12.
Na Ding Tahir Hayat Jie Wang Haizhen Wang Xingmei Liu Jianming Xu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(8):1355-1362
Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the composition and structure of microbial communities in rhizosphere soils in response to the presence of Aroclor 1242 with low (8 mg kg−1 soil) and high (16 mg kg−1 soil) concentrations in the hope to provide more information on potential dissipation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at contaminated sites. 相似文献13.
David L. Achat Laurent Augusto Christian Morel Mark R. Bakker 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(3):452-466
Purpose
For economic and environmental reasons, and for biomass production, appropriate concepts and diagnostic systems based on relevant processes are required to assess the phosphorus (P) supply capacity of the soils in the long term and to adapt P fertilization accordingly in forests. The amount of available phosphate ions (iP) can be quantified using an isotopic dilution procedure. However, this method is difficult to apply since it requires the use of radioactivity (32P or 33P). Our objective was thus to build pedotransfer functions for the prediction of available iP from physical–chemical soil properties. 相似文献14.
Effect of agronomic management on risk of suspended solids and phosphorus losses from soil to waters 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Teresa Borda Luisella Celi Laura Zavattaro Dario Sacco Elisabetta Barberis 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(3):440-451
Purpose
Fertilisation may cause an accumulation of phosphorus in soil, which may increase risk of P transfer to waters both in colloidal and dissolved forms. This study evaluated the effect of agronomic management on the potential risk of P losses from soil to water bodies in a long-term experimental platform (NW Italy) subjected for 15 years to different maize-based crops and mineral or organic fertilisation based on nitrogen crop requirements. 相似文献15.
Purpose
The vertical patterns of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry are still controversial, and relative contribution of their controlling factors also is rarely understood for the whole soil profile. This study aimed to assess the vertical variation of both C/N, N/P, C/P ratios and their determining factors along soil profiles in subalpine forests of the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Materials and methods
Soil samples at five depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–50, and 50–100 cm) were collected from 132 forest sites to evaluate the vertical distribution of soil C/N, N/P, and C/P ratios. Eleven relevant environmental factors (e.g., altitude, latitude, longitude, soil pH, soil bulk density, relative stone contents, soil order, slope, position, forest type, and dominant tree species) were measured to examine their relative contribution on stoichiometric ratios within each soil layer using boosted regression tree (BRT) analysis.Results and discussion
Soil C/N, N/P, and C/P ratios consistently decreased with increasing soil depth. BRT models accurately predicted the soil C/N, N/P, and C/P ratios in the upper four layers (R 2 = 49–97 %). For soil C/N and N/P ratios, altitude associated with latitude had the highest contribution across five soil layers, while the contributions of soil pH and bulk density were significant within soil layers closer to the surface. Independently, soil bulk density and altitude were the most important factors of C/P ratios in 0–30- and 30–100-cm soil layers.Conclusions
This study indicated that soil C/N/P stoichiometric ratios, and the relative importance of their controlling factors, shifted within soil profiles across Tibetan Plateau forests. Further research will be needed to understand the regulatory mechanism of soil stoichiometry and biogeochemistry in response to environmental change at whole soil profiles.16.
Tongbin Zhu Jinbo Zhang Zucong Cai Christoph Müller 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(7):1178-1189
Purpose
Rapid soil degradation occurring under intensive vegetable cultivation, an increasingly common agricultural strategy in China, is characterized by soil acidification, salinity, and NO3− accumulation. However, to date, the reasons for rapid NO3− accumulation in soils at the nitrogen (N) levels have not been completely understood. In this study, we explored the underlying mechanisms for rapid NO3− accumulation in soils used for intensive vegetable cultivation and implications of altered gross N transformation rates on soil properties and sustainable cultivation. 相似文献17.
Stephen W. Potter Christar Kin Steven J. Hall John E. Sawyer Marshall D. McDaniel 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(4):428-440
Background
Labile carbon (Clabile) limits soil microbial growth and is critical for soil functions like nitrogen (N) immobilization. Most experiments evaluating Clabile additions use laboratory incubations. We need to field-apply Clabile to fully understand its fate and effects on soils, especially at depth, but high cost and logistical difficulties hinder this approach.Aims
Here, we evaluated the impact of adding an in situ pulse of an inexpensive and 13C-depleted source of Clabile—crude glycerol carbon (Cglyc), a by-product from biodiesel production—to agricultural soils under typical crop rotations in Iowa, USA.Methods
We broadcast-applied Cglyc at three rates (0, 216, and 866 kg C ha−1) in autumn after soybean harvest, tracked its fate, and measured its impact on soil C and N dynamics to four depths (0–5, 5–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm). Nineteen days later, we measured Cglyc in microbial biomass carbon (MBC), salt-extractable organic C, and potentially mineralizable C pools. We paired these measurements with nitrate N (NO3−–N) and potential net N mineralization to examine short-term effects on N cycling.Results
Cglyc was found to at least 45-cm depth with the majority in MBC (18%–23% of total Cglyc added). The δ13C values of the other measured C pools were too variable to accurately track the Clabile fate. NO3−–N was decreased by 13%–57% with the 216 and 866 kg C ha−1 rates, respectively, and was strongly related to greater microbial uptake of Cglyc (i.e., immobilization via microbial biomass). Crude glycerol application had minor effects on soil pH—the greatest rate decreased pH 0.18 units compared to the control.Conclusions
Overall, glycerol is an inexpensive and effective way to measure in situ, Clabile dynamics with soil depth—analogous to how mobile, dissolved organic C might behave in soils—and can be applied to rapidly immobilize NO3−–N. 相似文献18.
Petra Tallberg Kaarina Lukkari Antti Räike Jouni Lehtoranta Mirja Leivuori 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2009,9(6):594-603
Purpose
A sequential phosphorus (P) fractionation procedure for sediments was applied to silicon (Si) to test its applicability. We wanted to know (1) whether it would be used in a cost-efficient way to study the finding of both elements, defining Si pools corresponding to the respective P pools, and in particular, (2) whether it could be shown that redox-sensitive processes affect Si mobility in sediment. 相似文献19.
Impact of manure application on forms and quantities of phosphorus in a Chinese Cambisol under different land use 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Qiao Yun Xue Imran Haider Shamsi Da Sheng Sun Anne Ostermann Qi Chun Zhang Yong Song Zhang Xian Yong Lin 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(5):837-845
Purpose
It is critical to understand the effect of manure application on the availability of phosphorus (P) and the potential environmental contamination by runoff and leaching. However, previous studies generally focused on cultivated soil layer in single cropping systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of manure application on soil P forms and quantities to the 200 cm depth in a Chinese alkaline Cambisol in different cropping systems and the potential environmental implications.Materials and methods
The sampling site, Shunyi District, is located in the peri-urban area of Beijing in the North China Plain, where large quantities of manure generated from intensive animal operations have been applied to agricultural fields. A field survey was carried out before sampling to identify soil sampling sites with long-term manure application and an adjacent area receiving no manure used for the same crop production. Soil samples from three cropping systems (vegetables, cereals, and trees) were vertically collected to a depth of 200 cm with the following depth increments: 0–20, 20–60, 60–90, 90–120, 120–160 and 160–200 cm. Soil samples were analyzed for plant-available P (Olsen P) and various P fractions by sequential P fractionation. Degree of P saturation (DPS) was also determined.Results and discussion
Soil calcium bound P was the most abundant P fraction, followed by the residual P. Organic P only accounted for less than 5 % of total P in most of the soils. Manure application increased the levels of inorganic P (Pi), with higher proportions of Pi in labile forms than stable forms. After manure application for 8–15 year, available P (Olsen P) and DPS values of the 0–20 cm layer in all sites exceeded the threshold for Olsen P (60 mg?kg?1) and DPS (30 %) and the risk of P loss by runoff is expected to significantly increase. The DPS values were generally lower than 30 % below 20 cm, indicating a minimal risk of P loss via leaching from deeper soil.Conclusions
The results indicated that in typical peri-urban areas of the North China Plain, the on-going practice of manure application not only increased the size of each of the labile and non-labile P pools, but also caused a shift in the relative sizes of the different pools, regardless of the cropping systems. However, contrary to what was expected, soil P loss through surface runoff would be a greater concern than leaching following long-term manure amendment. 相似文献20.
Effects of rainfall and manure application on phosphorus leaching in field lysimeters during fallow season 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Qiao Yun Xue Pei Bin Dai Da Sheng Sun Cheng Liang Sun Ling Yu Qi Anne Ostermann Yao He Xian Yong Lin 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(9):1527-1537