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1.
对阜新低山缓丘区大扁杏、南国梨林农复合系统构建初期土壤酶活性演化动态进行研究。结果表明,每种林农复合系统土壤酶活性都显示土壤表层高于下层。在植物生长期,过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性呈现不同的变化特征：过氧化氢酶都呈“山脊”状变化且7月活性最高。在南国梨林农复合系统中,脲酶活性呈直线增长,在9月活性达到最高值;在大扁杏林农复合系统中,脲酶活性呈先升后降的变化特征。在各种林农复合系统中,蔗糖酶活性在6月较低,7-8月升高,9月开始逐渐降低。3种土壤酶活性间具有相关性,其中脲酶和蔗糖酶活性关系最为密切,相关系数在0．713以上。 相似文献
2.
为给底部渗灌应用于育苗生产提供理论依据,以薄壳山核桃1年生容器实生苗为试材,研究了底部渗灌对不同生长时期的幼苗根系活力及保护酶类的影响。结果表明,底部渗灌显著促进了生长初期薄壳山核桃容器苗根系TTC还原强度,达到362.83μg/(g·h),显著高于上方喷灌苗木根系还原强度,且生长中后期也能保持较高水平的根系活力;底部渗灌处理后,苗木根系MDA含量及SOD、POD和CAT保护酶活性变化趋势与上方喷灌苗木一样,均表现出先上升后下降的趋势,说明底部渗灌对生长初期苗木根系有一定的胁迫,苗木通过提高根系中保护酶的活性减轻伤害,不断适应根系环境。 相似文献
3.
Sucrose synthase (SS) was the dominant enzyme of sucrose metabolism in both stem and root vascular cambial zone tissues of nursery-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings. Acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NT) activities were generally less than 10% of the SS activity in both tissues. In both cambial tissues, seasonal patterns of enzyme activity were observed for SS but not for AI or NI. The seasonal patterns of SS activity in stem and root cambia paralleled the periodic growth of stems and roots. Stems had high SS activity and growth during summer and early fall. Roots had substantial SS activity and growth during summer and fall, but SS activity and growth were even higher in winter. When seedlings were transplanted, about eight months elapsed before stem and root cambia resumed rates of growth and sucrose metabolism similar to those in control nontransplanted seedlings. Two months after transplanting, root SS was at its lowest, whereas AI activity in transplants was 50% higher than in control nontransplanted seedlings. In stems, SS activity decreased in response to transplanting, whereas AI and NI activities did not change appreciably. In loblolly pine tissues, SS was specific for uridylates, whereas the nucleotide triphosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (NTP-PFK) had similar activity with either UTP or ATP. Except in winter, the NTP-PFK was less active than the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PPi-PFK) during all seasons. The PPi-dependent PFK activity in nontransplanted seedlings followed similar seasonal and spatial patterns to those of SS activity. In actively growing tissues, such as stem cambial tissues in summer and root cambial tissues in winter, the measured total PFK to SS ratio ranged between 1.5/1 and 3/1. In contrast, in less actively growing tissues or transplanted seedlings, a greater decrease occurred in SS than in PFK activity, hence the ratio rose to as high as 12/1. It was concluded that: (1) SS was the dominant enzyme for sucrose metabolism in root and stem cambial tissues of loblolly pine seedlings; (2) both SS and PPi-PFK in the cambial tissues can be used as biochemical indicators of growth sink strength in stems and roots; and (3) both enzymes can be used as indicators of seedling stress caused by events such as transplanting and winter freezing. 相似文献
4.
We determined changes in cell-wall peroxidase activities and isoform patterns in response to wounding in seedlings of Prosopis tamarugo Phil. (an endemic species of the Atacama Desert) and Prosopis chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz (a native species of central Chile), to assess tolerance to predation. In seedlings of both species, the maximal increase in peroxidase activity occurred 48 h after wounding, reaching three times the control value in P. tamarugo and twice the control value in P. chilensis. The activity of ionically bound cell-wall peroxidases increased only locally in wounded embryonic axes, whereas the activity of soluble peroxidases increased systemically in unwounded cotyledons. Analysis of ionic peroxidases by isoelectrofocusing revealed two groups of peroxidases in the cell walls of both species: four distinct acidic isoforms and a group of basic isoforms. In response to wounding, there was a large increase in activity of the acidic isoforms in P. tamarugo, whereas there was an increase in the activity of the basic isoforms in P. chilensis. In P. chilensis, the wound-induced increase in activity of the basic isoforms corresponded with one of the two isoforms detected in P. tamarugo prior to wounding. Experiments with protein and RNA synthesis inhibitors indicated that a preexisting basic peroxidase is activated in P. chilensis after wounding. Assays of ionically bound peroxidase activity with four different substrates corroborated the differences found in isoform patterns between species. In P. tamarugo, the largest increases in activity were found with ortho-phenylenediamine and ferulic acid as substrates, whereas in P. chilensis the largest increase in activity was found with guaiacol as substrate. Because the same basic cell-wall peroxidase that accumulated after wounding in P. chilensis was present in P. tamarugo prior to wounding, and the activity of acidic cell-wall peroxidases increased after wounding in P. tamarugo but not in P. chilensis, we conclude that P. tamarugo is more tolerant to wound stress than P. chilensis. 相似文献
5.
The object of this study was to elucidate the seasonal activity ofIxodes ricinus nymphs in Denmark. The activity was estimated by counts from the vegetation. The nymphs appeared to have a bimodal activity, with the highest peak in May and a smaller one in September.With 2 figures 相似文献
6.
The analgesic activity of methanol extract of Cleome viscosa, given orally at the doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg was evaluated for its analgesic activity in mice using the acetic acid-induced writhing and the tail flick, tail clip, tail immersion methods. The extract showed promising activity in all the tests. 相似文献
7.
From March to October, acid phosphatase activity and phosphorus (P) concentration were measured in four needle age classes of the upper and lower crowns of fertilized and unfertilized Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees. Negative correlations between acid phosphatase activity and P concentration were observed in current-year needles and in needles in the upper part of the crown, whereas there was a positive correlation between enzyme activity and P concentration in older needles and in needles in the lower part of the crown. In May and October, needles of all ages showed increased acid phosphatase activity. The most sensitive response of acid phosphatase activity to phosphate supply and phosphorus status of the whole tree was seen in current-year needles on the first whorl where a 300% increase in acid phosphatase activity was observed in response to a decrease in foliar P concentration of 1.7-1.8 mg P g(DW) (-1). 相似文献
8.
9.
M Rosado-Vallado W Brito-Loeza G J Mena-Rejón E Quintero-Marmol J S Flores-Guido 《Fitoterapia》2000,71(5):570-573
The methanol and water extracts of six Fabaceae species, traditionally used in Mayan medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea and eye infections, were phytochemically screened and tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity. Four species showed activity against Gram positive bacteria, five exhibited some activity against Candida albicans, two exhibited activity against Aspergillus niger and only one, Mimosa pigra, inhibited growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. None of the extracts was active against Escherichia coli. 相似文献
10.
We investigated changes in photochemical activity and cold hardiness of detached needles of three clones of Picea abies (L.) Karst. by measuring variable chlorophyll fluorescence (F(v)/F(m)), before and after artificial freezing, from September to June. Photochemical activity varied considerably during the study, but only minor differences in photochemical activity among the clones were observed before freezing. Photochemical activity was high during early fall and then declined from November until April. Photochemical activity was at a minimum in April and then increased quickly to high values in May. During the period from late September to October, and also during the winter, differences in F(v)/F(m) ratios after artificial freezing to below -10 degrees C were observed among clones, indicating clonal differences in cold hardiness and hardiness development. The clone having an average height of 2.3 m after 11 years showed consistently lower cold hardiness than clones that had reached average heights of 4.0 and 5.0 m. There were also differences in the temperature requirement for bud flushing among clones. 相似文献
11.
毛白杨抗虫、感虫无性系树皮内酶活性的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对14年生抗虫、感虫毛白杨无性系树皮内过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)的酶活力进行了比较分析，结果表明抗、感虫无性系间树皮内多酚氧化酶的酶活力差异显著，抗虫无性系大于感虫无性系；而感虫无性系内的过氧化物酶的酶活力大于抗虫无性系，但二者差异不显著，多酚氧化酶的酶活性与抗虫性有一定的关系，是造成抗性差异的原因之一，可以将多酚氧化酶活性作为毛白杨抗性育种的一个指标。 相似文献
12.
It has previously been suggested that plasma membrane ATPase (PM H+-ATPase, EC 3.6.1.3.) is a site of incipient freezing injury because activity increases following cold acclimation and there are published data indicating that activity of PM H+-ATPase is modulated by changes in lipids associated with the enzyme. To test and extend these findings in a tree species, we analyzed PM H+-ATPase activity and the fatty acid (FA) composition of glycerolipids in purified plasma membranes (PMs) prepared by the two-phase partition method from current-year needles of adult red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) trees. Freezing tolerance of the needles decreased from -56 degrees C in March to -9 degrees C in May, and increased from -15 degrees C in September to -148 degrees C in January. Specific activity of vanadate-sensitive PM H+-ATPase increased more than two-fold following cold acclimation, despite a concurrent increase in protein concentration. During de-acclimation, decreases in PM H+-ATPase activity and freezing tolerance were accompanied by decreases in the proportions of oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids and increases in the proportions of palmitic (16:0) and linolenic (18:3) acids in total glycerolipids extracted from the plasma membrane fraction. This pattern of changes in PM H+-ATPase activity and the 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3 fatty acids was reversed during cold acclimation. In the PM fractions, changes in FA unsaturation, expressed as the double bond index (1 x 18:1 + 2 x 18:2 + 3 x 18:3), were closely correlated with changes in H+-ATPase specific activity (r2 = 0.995). Changes in freezing tolerance were well correlated with DBI (r2 = 0.877) and ATPase specific activity (r2 = 0.833) in the PM fraction. Total ATPase activity in microsomal fractions also closely followed changes in freezing tolerance (r2 = 0.969). We conclude that, as in herbaceous plants, simultaneous seasonal changes in PM H+-ATPase activity and fatty acid composition occur during cold acclimation and de-acclimation in an extremely winter hardy tree species under natural conditions, lending support to the hypothesis that FA-regulated PM H+-ATPase activity is involved in the cellular response underlying cold acclimation and de-acclimation. 相似文献
13.
八角林地土壤酶活性和养分的分布特点及其相关分析 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
研究了广西高峰林场和大明山自然保护区八角林地土壤酶活性(包括过氧化氢酶、转化酶、脲酶、蛋白酶和酸性磷酸酶)和养分的分布特点及土壤酶活性与土壤养分的关系。结果表明:(1)土壤养分含量和酶活性以表层土壤的最大,随土壤深度的增加逐渐下降;(2)坡位不同,土壤养分含量和主要酶活性也不同,呈现下坡>上坡的趋势;(3)土壤酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、水解氮、速效磷和速效钾密切相关,不同的土壤酶活性之间存在极显著的相关性。因此,土壤酶活性可作为八角林地土壤肥力的指标之一。 相似文献
14.
Morphology,biomass,nitrate reductase(NR)and nitrogenase activity in Albizia chinensis(Osb.)Merr.nodules were assessed on monthly and seasonal basis for 1 year.Average NR and nitrogenase activity was higher during the rainy season,reaching a maximum in August.Thereafter,activity decreased through autumn and reached a minimum value during winter.Fresh and dry biomass of nodules increased gradually from summer to the rainy season and then started decreasing with the onset of winter as nodules began to senesce.Among four developmental stages of the nodules that correspond to their increasing age,NR and nitrogenase activity remained low in stage 1 nodules and peaked in stage 2.The activity of both enzymes further decreased with increasing age(stage 2 to stage 4).Morphological features such as shape,diameter and color varied considerably among the developmental stages.Stage 1 nodules were cream-colored,oval to heartshaped with smallest average diameter whereas at stage 2,they became bilobed to tetralobed.On the other hand,stage 3 nodules had the largest average diameter and were multilobed in structure.Stage 4 nodules that correspond to the senescing stage were dark brown to black,multilobed,flattened and hollow due to degeneration of nodular tissue. 相似文献
15.
居住区儿童活动场所景观设计 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过实地调查分析发现一些居住区儿童活动场所设计时出现的问题。通过对儿童身体发育和心理发育特点的分析，给出儿童活动场所的设计原则，提出儿童活动场所景观规划设计方法，解决儿童在户外活动时面临的各种问题，旨在创造一个培养儿童创造力和好奇心、有益于儿童身心健康的居住区儿童活动空间。得出好的环境对儿童的成长起到积极的作用、居住区儿童活动场所是居住区整体环境的重要组成部分之一的结论，应该给予足够的重视。 相似文献
16.
Activities of NAD(+)-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), sorbitol oxidase (SOX), sucrose synthase (SS), acid invertase (AI), and neutral invertase (NI) in 'Encore' peach (Prunus persica L.) fruits and developing shoot tips were assayed during the growing season to determine whether carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes could serve as indicators of sink strength. In fruit flesh, SS activity was detected during Stage I of growth, when cells were actively dividing, and SDH activity was detected during Stage III, when cells were actively enlarging. Acid invertase activity was detected during Stage I and showed a closer correlation with relative increase in fruit weight during the growing season than SS activity. During seed filling and pit hardening (Stage II), when relative fruit growth rate was slowest, activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in fruit flesh were not detectable. No SOX activity was detected during Stages I and II. The highest sucrose content occurred near the end of fruit development when the activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes were low. In developing shoot tips, the sorbitol:sucrose ratio was 2:1 (w/w) and SDH activity was low at the beginning and end of the season when vegetative growth was slowest. The sorbitol:sucrose ratio changed to 1:1 (w/w) along with an increase in SDH activity in shoot tips during the mid-growing season. In 'Nemaguard' peach, SDH exhibited higher activity in root tips than in other organs. Among the sorbitol- and sucrose-metabolizing enzyme activities, only SDH activity was positively correlated with shoot growth in 'Nemaguard' plants. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):400-408
Plant biomass, root colonization by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi and root peroxidase (POD) activity were monitored in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) nursery seedlings during the first growing season after planting (after 4, 8 and 16 weeks, in July, August and October, respectively) in forest humus in outdoor open-top chambers with gaseous atmospheric pollutants (combinations of low levels of ozone, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides). The number of ECM morphotypes as well as root biomass increased towards the end of the growing season, while root POD activity decreased. Fungal biomass estimated as ergosterol concentration peaked in August, 8 weeks after planting. The seedling growth, mycorrhizal status and POD activity in the roots were not affected by the gaseous pollutants. 相似文献
18.
指出了行为可塑性反应许多小型哺乳动物对环境、食物的变化,从而提高它们在不同环境条件下生存能力。本研究对横断山两个地区大绒鼠进行了限食和重喂食对其日活动行为的研究。结果发现:地区、食物限制和重喂食的时间对冬季香格里拉和剑川地区大绒鼠的日总活动行为影响差异极显著。食物限制可以导致两地区大绒鼠活动显著下降,重喂食后,活动行为增加,并逐渐恢复到对照水平。限食第1 d香格里拉地区大绒鼠的活动行为降低,而剑川地区大绒鼠则活动行为增加。此外,限食第28 d香格里拉地区大绒鼠的活动行为降低幅度要高于剑川地区。重喂食后香格里拉大绒鼠的活动行为在第29 d的增加幅度高于剑川地区。这些结果表明大绒鼠的活动行为在短时间内具有显著的可塑性,同时大绒鼠这种特定的适应性行为反应,在大绒鼠适应横断山地区难以预测的食物资源变化时起着重要的作用。 相似文献
19.
以蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica）林、杂木林和胡桃楸（Juglans mandshurica）林3种天然次生林土壤为研究对象,通过生长季节内表层土壤（0～30 cm ）淀粉酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及土壤微生物呼吸速率的测定,探讨了辽东山区土壤酶活性与土壤微生物呼吸之间的关系。结果表明：辽东山区蒙古栎林、杂木林、胡桃楸林土壤酶活性与土壤微生物呼吸具有一定的季节波动,但相关性不显著。除胡桃楸林微生物呼吸与过氧化氢酶活性之间具有显著关系外,蒙古栎林和杂木林微生物呼吸与4种酶活性之间均无显著相关性。研究结果为进一步系统了解辽东山区次生林植物群落土壤碳循环过程提供了参考。 相似文献
20.
对华北地区主要经济树种仁用杏树各器官在不同生育期问四种不同处理下的多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性进行了测定，结果表明：(1)仁用杏树体各器官内的多酚氧化酶活性在整个年循环周期内呈规律性变化。叶中PPO活性整体水平在10月份最高；枝、干、主根、侧根中的PPO活性均以5月和3月极显著地高于7月和10月。(2)PPO活性与仁用杏树体的抗寒性、地上部分的生长发育有关，并可作为仁用杏树抗寒性的生化指标。(3)Cu、Zn两种营养元素通过影响PPO活性来影响仁用杏树生长。 相似文献