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模拟酸雨对不同园林植物叶片生理生态特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用盆栽方法,以自来水（pH值6.5）作为对照,研究了pH值为1.7,3.0,4.3,5.6模拟酸雨条件下新梢增长量、叶片损伤程度和叶片生理生态特性,并分析了园林植物对酸雨污染的敏感性反应。结果表明:不同pH值的酸雨对园林植物新叶片有不同程度的抑制,酸雨的酸度越大,对园林植物叶片的伤害越大,以pH值1.7的模拟酸雨对园林植物叶片的伤害最为严重,pH值5.6伤害较为轻微,但不同种类之间对酸雨的抗性有明显差异;pH值4.3~5.6处理对园林植物新梢生长率没有显著的影响和抑制作用,而pH值小于3.0处理则严重抑制了园林植物新梢生长;随模拟酸雨强度的增强,园林植物叶片的细胞质膜透性和丙二醛（MDA）含量逐渐升高,当pH值小于3.0时,细胞质膜透性和丙二醛（MDA）含量则急剧增加,当pH值为1.7时,不同园林植物叶片则严重受损;园林植物叶片叶绿素含量、叶片N和P含量随酸雨强度的增加逐渐降低,当pH值小于3.0时,园林植物叶片叶绿素含量、叶片N和P含量则急剧降低,当pH值为1.7时,不同园林植物叶片则严重受损;相关分析表明,酸雨增加了园林植物对环境的敏感性。园林植物对酸雨具有较强的抵抗能力,对园林植物生理活动影响的阈值pH值大致介于3.0~4.3,因此,本研究的6种园林植物可以作为酸雨灾害严重地区园林绿化及植被构建的物种。 相似文献
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试验研究钐-甘氨酸-维生素B_6(Sm-Gly-VB_6)对模拟酸雨伤害大豆幼苗的防护作用结果表明,在pH2.5酸雨胁迫下大豆幼苗叶绿素含量减少,叶绿素a/b值下降,细胞质膜透性增加,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降。而同一强度酸雨胁迫下经50mg/kg Sm-Gly-VB_6预处理的大豆幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、细胞质膜透性与过氧化氢酶活性损伤较轻,对酸雨伤害大豆幼苗有一定缓解效应。 相似文献
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采用人工模拟酸雨的实验设计,以国家农业地理标志产品香青菜（Brassica chinensis L.）为实验材料,以叶片喷施蒸馏水为对照（CK）,设置直接喷施pH3.0的酸雨（SY）和10mg·L−1浓度五酸钾溶液预处理后再喷施pH3.0的酸雨（WS）两个处理组。测定并比较分析各处理组香青菜根系活力、质膜透性（MP）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、超氧阴离子自由基产生速率和脯氨酸（PRO）含量,研究酸雨胁迫对香青菜主要生理指标的影响和五酸钾对酸雨胁迫伤害香青菜的缓解效应,从而探索五酸钾对酸雨胁迫下植物幼苗的防护效果。结果表明,叶面喷施浓度10mg·L−1的五酸钾溶液能够显著提高酸雨胁迫下香青菜根系活力、CAT活性,保护了细胞质膜,有效降低香青菜体内PRO含量及超氧阴离子自由基产生速率。说明五酸钾可缓解酸雨对香青菜的生理伤害,对提高香青菜抗酸雨伤害能力具有优良效果。 相似文献
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酸雨伤害植物的监测技术包括对植物叶片表观伤害监测与生理伤害监测,后者选择的参数主要有植物光合速率、气孔导度、细胞质膜透性、叶绿素含量消长、细胞pH变化、活性氧防御系统的应激反应等。本文在介绍测定方法同时,比较分析了各种方法的优点与不足,探讨了酸雨监测技术在农业环境监测、环境评价、酸沉降区域农业区划与环境保护中的作用,指出今后研究应重视完善监测体系和拓展监测对象。 相似文献
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水稻种子萌发对酸雨胁迫的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大量研究表明[1,2,9],一定pH酸雨能够抑制花生、水稻、小麦及油菜种子的萌发,且酸雨胁迫下,水稻(Oryza sativa)种子的发芽率、发芽势、活力指数、发芽指数及异状发芽率等萌发指标皆随酸雨胁迫强度与胁迫时间的改变而变化,但引发上述萌发指标变化的内在原因尚不明晰。为此研究了水稻种子萌发生理生化反应对酸雨胁迫的响应,为诠释酸雨胁迫影响水稻种子萌发的深层原因提供依据。1试验材料与方法模拟酸雨(含离子构成,以下简称酸雨)配制时先配制pH 1·0酸雨母液,其中硫酸根和硝酸根体积比为4·7∶1。用蒸馏水将母液调制成pH 2·5、3·0、3·5、… 相似文献
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镉和模拟酸雨胁迫对苦楝幼苗镉含量及叶片抗氧化系统的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨苦楝在重金属Cd和酸雨的单一及复合胁迫下的生理响应特征,采用人工配置土壤盆栽试验,研究不同浓度Cd(0、30、60、90、120、150、180 mg·kg-1)和3个梯度模拟酸雨(pH值5.6、4.5、3.5)单一及复合处理对苦楝幼苗生物量、Cd含量及叶片保护性酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)]活性和抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环(AsA-GSH)的影响。结果表明,除低浓度Cd(≤30 mg·kg-1)单一及其与pH值4.5酸雨复合处理对幼苗地上部、地下部生物量有促进作用外,其他处理均表现出抑制作用,其中复合处理对苦楝幼苗的抑制作用更明显,表现为叠加效应;单一Cd处理时,随着Cd浓度的增加,幼苗根、茎、叶中Cd含量逐渐升高,且根系大于茎叶,复合处理抑制了植物对Cd的积累,对叶片的抑制作用最强;Cd和酸雨单一及复合处理下叶片SOD、CAT和POD活性均有所增加,分别在60 mg·kg-1 Cd、pH值5.6,60 mg·kg-1 Cd、pH值4.5和90 mg·kg-1Cd、pH值4.5时出现阈值;在AsA-GSH循环中,单一Cd处理下,AsA、GSH含量和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性均随着Cd浓度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,单一酸雨处理对上述4个指标的影响不尽一致,而复合处理下上述指标在Cd浓度≤60 mg·kg-1、pH值≥4.5时均能保持较高值,且随着胁迫程度的加深均出现了阈值。综上所述,苦楝对重金属Cd和酸雨胁迫具有一定的耐性,可在Cd浓度≤60 mg·kg-1和pH值≥4.5的酸雨双重污染区域正常生长。本研究结果为土壤Cd污染的酸雨区域的修复植物筛选提供了理论基础和参考依据。 相似文献
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用人工模拟制作不同 pH 值的。酸雨”,分别喷洒在萝卜叶片上。取出现伤害症状的叶片,进行透射和扫描电镜观察,可见叶肉细胞的叶绿体肿胀,基粒片层混乱,线粒体解体,叶片表面大多数的气孔关闭。表明叶片受酸雨危害后,叶肉细胞的超微结构已发生变化。 相似文献
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木麻黄幼苗渗透调节物对酸雨胁迫的响应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对模拟pH2 .5～4 .5酸雨胁迫3个月后木麻黄幼苗渗透调节物含量测定结果表明,pH4 .0～4 .5酸雨胁迫后木麻黄幼苗小枝可溶性糖含量显著低于对照,但(pH2 .5～3.5 )酸雨胁迫后其含量显著高于对照;与对照相比酸雨胁迫使木麻黄幼苗小枝可溶性蛋白质含量增加,游离脯氨酸和谷胱甘肽含量则极显著增加。酸雨胁迫下木麻黄幼苗具有积累较高浓度的有机渗透调节物及改善渗透调节的生理应答能力 相似文献
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模拟酸雨对龙眼落果及果实品质的影响研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
试验研究模拟酸雨对 8年生龙眼落果及果实品质的影响结果表明 ,pH≤ 3 5的酸雨处理显著增加落果率 ,果实可溶性固形物、固酸比和糖酸比显著下降。pH为 2 5的酸雨处理果实出现伤斑 ,单果重和可食率显著降低。 相似文献
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Soybean seedlings (Glycine max) grown in a glasshouse were exposed to simulated acid rain using a solution of deionized water containing sulfate, nitrate and chloride in concentrations and proportions equivalent to those in ambient rain water. Plants were subjected to acid rain treatment twice a week during the growing season, for a 1 hr period at a rate of 5 mm hr?1. When the acid rain was below pH 3.0, visible symptoms developed in the young trifoliate leaves. However, at a pH above 3.0 there was no evidence of visible leaf injury; also tissue dry weights and leaf areas were not affected even after 7 weeks of exposure. The number of root nodules in plants exposed to acid rain at pH 4.0 tended to be higher than those of control plants maintained at pH 5.6, but decreased subsequently with decreasing pH. Based on our results current ambient levels of rain acidity in Japan should not have an adverse impact on seedling growth in soybean. 相似文献
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Simulated acid rains of pH 5.6, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.5, or 2.0 were applied to leaves of broadleaf tobacco twice per week for 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 weeks. Only those plants receiving rain of pH 2.0 were injured and, among those, the plants receiving fewer applications had less severe injury. Foliar symptoms resembled weather fleck (O3 injury) at first, but become distinguishable from them with time. 相似文献
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Bo Richter Larsen 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1986,31(1-2):401-407
Thein vivo processes in simulated acid rain drops on leaf surfaces of selected crops were studied by means of a micro pH-electrode. Changes in pH were followed for 1 to 4 hr. Large differences among species in acid buffering ability and concentration due to evaporation were measured. Stressed plants showed markedly decreased buffering ability. Mathematical models suggested that the buffering mechanism was controlled by passive diffusion of leachates across the cuticle. Solid surface tensions of the leaves were determined indicating that buffering ability is related to polar forces in the cuticle. A model explaining the varying suceptibility to acid rain among plant species is proposed. 相似文献
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The abilities of foliage of selected agricultural crop and native boreal forest species to neutralize acidic raindrops were compared. The species differed widely in their responses. Neutralization was influenced to a large extent by leaf wettability and was poorly related with species' susceptibility to foliar injury from acid rain sprayings. Little neutralization of pH 3.0 droplets occurred on very waxy leaves, e.g. cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), due to the small contact area between the leaf surface and raindrops. In contrast, on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves, which are pubescent and easily wettable, neutralization was considerable. For all agricultural crop species examined, the pH of droplets drying on cotyledons was consistently higher than on the leaves. The pH values of raindrops were also higher when the foliage was injured by the acid rain, probably due to leakage of cellular contents. Among boreal forest species examined, bunchberry (Cornus canadensis L.) was particularly good at neutralizing natural acid rain, increasing the pH from 3.9 to 6.6 after 9 hr of foliar contact, while the response of other boreal species ranged from a final pH of 4.8 to 5.7 under the same conditions. Simulated raindrops on wild sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis L.) were never neutralized but increased in acidity as they evaporated. Chemical analyses of droplets collected from foliage showed calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) to he the major cations entering the neutralized droplets. Neutralization of acidic raindrops appears to occur through two processes: solubilization of alkaline dusts and exudates on the leaf surface, and ion exchange removal of H+ by the foliage. 相似文献
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本文研究了两种蔬菜在γ射线的作用下叶片组织电阻和离子外渗电导率的变化。结果表明 :①γ射线对植株造成的辐射损伤首先表现在叶片上 ,叶片是植株对电离辐射比较敏感的部位 ;②叶片组织电阻动态变化曲线的峰值幅度与叶片抗γ射线辐射的能力相对应 ,对γ射线抗性强的叶片 ,其峰值的幅度也高 ,曲线峰值的高低可作为衡量和预测蔬菜对γ射线抗性强弱的指标 ;③与离子外渗电导法相比 ,叶片组织电阻法可以灵敏地反映出同一植株上、下部叶片之间对γ射线抗性的差异 ;④从叶片组织电阻和叶片离子外渗的动态曲线可以定量地确定蔬菜的致死剂量。 相似文献
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Eight plant species were subjected to artifical acid rains of pH 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5 in order to determine the threshold for and symptoms of damage. The plants were Erechtites, Robinia, Pinus, Quercus, Carya, Liriodendron, Acer and Corpus from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory near Franklin, North Carolina Droplets of pH 2.0 produced brown necrotic spots on all species except Pinus while droplets of pH 1.0 produced necroses on leaves of all species examined. The size of necrotic spots increased with increasing acidity. Comparison of these results with the literature suggests that developing leaves are more easily damaged than are the mature leaves used in this study. The volume weighted average rainfall pH for Coweeta is 4.6 with observations ranging from 3.2 to 5.9. Results of this study suggest that a 10-fold increase in acidity from pH 3.2 to 2.2 in a single spring or summer storm could bring damage or death to mature leaves of dominant flowering plants in the Southern Appalachians. 相似文献
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为探究川西北高原植物的生理适应特征,以川西北高原生态系统中13种主要植物为研究对象,分析其叶片的化学计量特征以及这些特征在海拔、生活型和植被类型等因素影响下的变化。结果表明,这13种植物叶片C、N和P含量分别为441.74、18.58和0.71 mg·g~(-1),C∶N、C∶P和N∶P分别为28.29、688.61和26.59。C、N、P含量之间,N∶P与C、N含量之间呈显著正相关(P0.05)。海拔、生活型和植被类型对植物叶片的化学计量特征影响明显,生长在高海拔样地的植物具有较高的C∶N和较低的N∶P,但不同植物对海拔梯度变化的响应不同;与草本植物相比,木本植物叶片具有更高的P含量,且其C∶N更低;8种生长于草地和灌丛草地植物的叶片N含量及N∶P均差异显著。本研究结果对当地生态系统管理和资源植物筛选等实践工作具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献