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中国水貂养殖业与先进国家的差距 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从水貂种群、水貂生产水平和饲养管理水平、水貂饲料加工及饲料营养配制、水貂饲养机械化水平、技术人才培训、水貂的卫生防疫和福利待遇以及水貂养殖行业的管理以及水貂皮产品的出口贸易、国内贸易、走私贸易等方面入手,分析了中国水貂养殖业以及水貂皮产品贸易的现状,并指出了中国水貂养殖业与貂皮产品同北欧、北美水貂养殖大国和强国之间的差距,在对比中找出了中国水貂养殖业与水貂皮产品贸易中存在的亟待解决的问题和影响中国水貂养殖业与水貂皮产品未来健康可持续发展的原因。最后提出了实现中国水貂养殖业和水貂皮产品贸易可持续发展的切实可行的有参考价值的对策。 相似文献
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Birthe M. Damgaard Christian F. Børsting Klaus L. Ingvartsen Rikke Fink 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3):127-135
The effects of carbohydrate-free diets on body weight changes, feed consumption, and plasma concentrations of nutrients, metabolites, and hormones in lactating mink and on growth performance in kits were investigated in a total of 108 litters during the lactation period of seven weeks. The litters were distributed in three experimental groups fed different ratios of metabolisable energy (ME) derived from protein and fat (61:38; 47:52; 33:66). The females and kits were weighed at parturition and 2, 3, 4, and 7 weeks after parturition. Blood samples were collected from females in the second, fourth, and sixth week of the lactation period. Carbohydrate-free diets fed to lactating mink can in principle support normal performance, health of the females, and growth performance of the kits. However, mink need a sufficient supply of available gluconeogenic precursors in the form of amino acids. In the present experiment, the diet with 33% of ME from protein contained insufficient amounts of gluconeogenic precursors for lactating mink, and three weeks post partum this group was excluded from the experiment. The differences in dietary protein level (61% and 47% of ME) and fat level (38% and 52% of ME) influenced the plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) and urea, but had minimal influence on plasma concentrations of other nutrients, metabolites, and hormones. 相似文献
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Horne SM Goplin JL Giddings CW Dyer NW Nolan LK 《Veterinary research communications》2004,28(2):103-112
Colibacillosis is responsible for significant losses to the mink and cattle industries. Previous work in our laboratory and by others has suggested that possession of cnf1, the gene encoding cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF1), may contribute to the virulence of isolates of E. coli from mink and cattle. The cnf1 gene from E. coli isolated from a mink with colisepticaemia and a bovid with scours was amplified and cloned as a 3.5 kb fragment, and the fragment was sequenced. The cnf1 sequences from the mink and bovine isolates of E. coli were compared to each other and to cnf1 sequences of E. coli from urinary tract and diarrhoea-associated infections of humans. The difference was only 7 nucleotides between the cnf1 sequences of the mink and bovine isolates of E. coli, which translated into 7 differences in amino acids. The cnf1 sequence of the mink isolate of E. coli had 15 nucleotide differences from the cnf1 sequences of the human isolate of E. coli (GenBank X70670), which translated into 11 differences in amino acids between these proteins. The cnf1 sequence of the bovine isolate of E. coli had 14 nucleotide differences from the cnf1 sequence of the human isolate of E. coli (GenBank X70670), which translated into 10 differences in amino acids between these proteins. The highly conserved sequences of the amino acids of CNF1 proteins make them a promising target for detection and control of the CNF1-producing E. coli involved in disease among various host species. 相似文献
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Reijo Käkelä Ilpo Pölönen Maija Miettinen Juha Asikainen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(4):217-223
Male mink kits (n=10 for each group) were fed diets supplemented with different fats for 12 weeks (September-November). The levels of digestible fat (8%) and energy content (7 MJ kg-1) of the diets were equal. The supplements used were beef pork fat, mink fat, broiler offal, rainbow trout offal, capelin oil, soybean oil and linseed oil. The growth and hepatic lipids (analysed by a thin-layer chromatography- flame ionization detection analyser) and fatty acid composition (analysed by gas-liquid chromatography) were studied. The pattern of weight gain of the mink fed the beef pork diet differed from that of the other mink. These kits reached high but delayed weight maxima compared with the other mink but then during November they lost weight rapidly. In liver, both the capelin oil- and linseed oil-fed mink had large concentrations of total lipids and triacylglycerols. The mink fed capelin oil were significantly heavier. The fatty acid analyses of hepatic total lipids and phospholipids revealed that the f -linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) of linseed oil was not efficiently metabolized to longer chain and more unsaturated fatty acids important for cellular membranes. It is discussed that 18:3 n-3 may not be as valuable for growing mink kits as the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the fish oils. 相似文献
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Morag F Dick Jennifer Hurford Sha Lei Anne-Mari Mustonen Petteri Nieminen Kirsti Rouvinen-Watt 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):5
Background
Rapid body fat mobilization, obesity, and an inadequate supply of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been suggested to play roles in the etiology of fatty liver in the American mink (Neovison vison). This study examined the effects of feeding intensity and dietary fat source on fatty liver induced by fasting. In a multi-factorial design, 3 different fat sources (herring oil, rich in n-3 PUFA, soya oil, rich in n-6 PUFA, and canola oil, rich in n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids) were fed to mink at a low and high feeding intensity for 10 weeks, followed by an overnight or a 5-day fasting treatment to induce fatty liver.Results
Fasting led to the development of fatty liver with increased severity in the mink fed at the high feeding intensity. The herring oil diet, high in long-chain n-3 PUFA, was found to decrease the severity of fatty liver in the mink at the high feeding intensity.Conclusion
Preventing excessive weight gain and increasing dietary intake of n-3 long-chain PUFA may help prevent excessive lipid accumulation during prolonged periods of fasting or inappetence by promoting hepatic fatty acid oxidation. 相似文献15.
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Øystein Ahlstrom Anders Skrede 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):74-80
Abstract Nutrient digestibilities were evaluated in comparative experiments with blue foxes and mink by using six diets differing in fat:carbohydrate (F:C) ratios. In mink, apparent digestibilities of N and amino acids decreased with decreasing F:C ratio. N digestibility, and most amino acid digestibilities, were higher in blue foxes than in mink (P < 0.01). Fat digestibility in mink, but not in blue foxes, declined as the F:C ratio decreased (P < 0.05). Fat digestibility was higher in blue foxes than in mink (P < 0.05). Carbohydrate digestibility was not affected by the F:C ratio, but high levels of carbohydrates were digested more completely by foxes than by mink. The use of mink digestibility values in feed evaluations for blue foxes will consequently underestimate digestibility. Thus, to evaluate feed correctly, separate digestibility determinations should be made for mink and foxes. 相似文献
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Monitoring blood glucose levels in female mink during the reproductive cycle: 1. Prevention of hyperglycemia during the nursing period 
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下载免费PDF全文 Nursing sickness, the largest cause of death in female adult mink, is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The impacts of body condition, dietary supplements, and reproductive status on the blood glucose concentration in female mink during the reproductive cycle were investigated. Mink dams on 3 farms were assigned to receive either herring oil (HerO) or chromium picolinate (CrPic) or to be in a control group, receiving only the basal diet, for 6 wk at the onset of lactation. Hyperglycemia was observed throughout the reproductive cycle. Significant differences in blood glucose levels were observed between farms, emphasizing the importance of herd genetics and of animal management and feeding practices in glycemic regulation. Female mink exhibiting hyperglycemia early in the reproductive cycle tended to remain hyperglycemic and to have poorer health and fewer kits. Glucose levels > 7 mmol/L can be considered critical in this regard. Supplementing the diet with CrPic reduced the blood glucose concentration. Results from this study suggest that a diet containing high-quality n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, high levels of carbohydrate, and CrPic supplementation may help the nursing mink dam maintain a normal blood glucose concentration during lactation. 相似文献
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为了获得高纯度的白细胞介素-4（IL-4）蛋白,对分离得到的水貂外周血淋巴细胞经植物血凝素（PHA）诱导后,提取淋巴细胞总RNA,根据GenBank中登录的雪貂IL-4基因序列,设计并合成特异性引物,通过RT-PCR扩增获得了水貂IL-4基因序列全长399 bp,编码132个氨基酸,与雪貂氨基酸序列同源性高达99.2%,与熊猫、犬同源性均为90.0%。将编码成熟蛋白基因构建到原核表达载体pProEX-HTb,IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE及Western blotting结果显示,IL-4表达产物为15 ku的包涵体蛋白。通过His-Trap HP亲和层析预装柱变性、复性洗脱可获得高纯度的重组IL-4蛋白。本试验为水貂IL-4基因的进一步研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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FAN Si-ning ZHANG Hai-ling ZHAO Jian-jun WANG Yang HU Bo LV Shuang MA Fan-shu LI Xin-tong LING Ming-yu ZHAO Hui LIAN Shi-zhen YAN Xi-jun 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(1):30-37
In order to obtain high purity of interleukin 4 (IL-4) protein,the specific primers were designed and synthesized according to the mink IL-4 gene sequence in GenBank. The IL-4 gene was amplified by RT-PCR using total RNA of the lymphocyte isolated from the peripheral blood that induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The length of IL-4 gene sequence was 399 bp which encoded 132 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the amino acid sequences homology between mink and ferret was 99.2%,90.0% with Ailuropoda melanoleuca and Canis familiaris. Prokaryotic expression vector pProEX-HTb-IL-4 was constructed and induced by IPTG. The recombinant protein of 15 ku was isolated by SDS-PAGE and detected by Western blotting. Highly purified recombinant protein of mink IL-4 was obtained by His-Trap HP affinity columns method. This research laid the foundation for the further studies on the biological function of mink IL-4 gene. 相似文献
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Kirsti Rouvinen-Watt 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2003,67(3):161-168
Nursing sickness, the largest single cause of mortality in adult female mink (Mustela vison), is an example of a metabolic disorder, which develops when the demands for lactation require extensive mobilization of body energy reserves. The condition is characterized by progressive weight loss, emaciation, and dehydration with high concentrations of glucose and insulin in the blood. Morbidity due to nursing sickness can be as high as 15% with mortality around 8%, but the incidence is known to vary from year to year. Stress has been shown to trigger the onset of the disease and old females and females with large litters are most often affected. Increasing demand for gluconeogenesis from amino acids due to heavy milk production may be a predisposing factor. Glucose metabolism is inextricably linked to that of protein and fats. In obesity (or lipodystrophy), the ability of adipose tissue to buffer the daily influx of nutrients is overwhelmed (or absent), interfering with insulin-mediated glucose disposal and leading to insulin resistance. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family play an important role in modulating insulin signalling and glucose uptake by peripheral tissue. The increasing demand on these fatty acids for milk fat synthesis towards late lactation may result in deficiency in the lactating female, thus impairing glucose disposal. It is suggested that the underlying cause of mink nursing sickness is the development of acquired insulin resistance with 3 contributing key elements: obesity (or lipodystrophy), n-3 fatty acid deficiency, and high protein oxidation rate. It is recommended that mink breeder females be kept in moderate body condition during fall and winter to avoid fattening or emaciation. A dietary n-3 fatty acid supplement during the lactation period may be beneficial for improved glycemic control. Lowering of dietary protein reduces (oxidative) stress and improves water balance in the nursing females and may, therefore, prevent the development and help in the management of nursing sickness. It is also surmised that other, thus far unexplained, metabolic disorders seen in male and female mink may be related to acquired insulin resistance. 相似文献