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马铃薯渣的综合利用与研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马铃薯渣是马铃薯淀粉生产过程中产生的一种副产物,由于其难以利用,多以废物直接排放,不仅是生物资源的浪费,同时造成了严重的环境污染。马铃薯渣含水量高、含有大量的纤维素、果胶和淀粉等可利用成分,具有很高的开发利用价值。本文综述了马铃薯渣目前综合利用的主要途径和相关技术,分析了目前存在的问题及发展趋势。 相似文献
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甘肃省定西市马铃薯种植面积大,马铃薯渣的产量丰富.仅通渭县年生产的马铃薯渣可达4.9万t,马铃薯渣的主要加工季节为每年9～11月,季节性比较明显.并且马铃薯渣鲜样含水量高达87％,自带菌多达33种,不易储存、运输,腐败变质后产生恶臭,造成环境污染;若烘干则成本过高,增加企业负担.但是,马铃薯渣中含有大量的淀粉、纤维素、半纤维素、果胶等可利用成分,同时含有少量蛋白质,可作为发酵培养基,具有很高的开发利用价值.为了更好开发和利用马铃薯渣,变废为宝,减少马铃薯渣对环境污染,制成饲料饲养牛羊具有重要的意义. 相似文献
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我国是世界上最大的马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）生产国,马铃薯生产导致大量的副产物产生。随着我国畜禽养殖业规模化程度的不断提高,对畜禽饲料原料需求与日俱增。马铃薯副产物中粗纤维、粗脂肪、氨基酸含量丰富,且含有大量的矿物质,其作为反刍动物非常规粗饲料已逐渐受到重视。但是由于目前马铃薯副产物的开发利用技术研发滞后,导致其饲用价值和利用率较低,因此,如何提高马铃薯副产物的利用率,充分发挥其饲用价值和营养价值是亟待解决的问题。综述了马铃薯秸秆、马铃薯渣、马铃薯淀粉渣及淀粉、马铃薯蛋白的饲料化利用研究进展,以期为马铃薯副产物饲料化利用研究提供参考。 相似文献
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选择4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,利用尼龙袋法研究了马铃薯渣和红薯渣青贮前后干物质和淀粉瘤胃降解规律。结果表明,青贮后马铃薯渣和红薯渣的干物质和淀粉的瘤胃72 h消失率及有效降解率均极显著降低（P＜0.01）,马铃薯渣干物质和淀粉消失率由青贮前的95.72%和99.60%下降为53.43%和86.51%,红薯渣则由97.65%和99.81%下降为66.72%和84.69%,马铃薯渣干物质和淀粉的有效降解率降低了47.34%和35.98%,红薯渣则下降了51.48%和57.39%;马铃薯渣青贮和红薯渣青贮干物质的有效降解率差异不显著（P＞0.05）,淀粉差异显著（P＜0.05）;马铃薯渣和红薯渣青贮后过瘤胃淀粉分别增加了57.43%（42.94 g/kg）和151.37%（122.52 g/kg）,且红薯渣极显著高于马铃薯渣（P＜0.01）。因此,青贮处理有效降低了2种薯渣干物质和淀粉的瘤胃降解率,并提高了其过瘤胃淀粉量,红薯渣的过瘤胃淀粉量明显高于马铃薯渣。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探究马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛生产性能、血液生化指标和经济效益的影响。试验将60头健康状况良好、产奶量（45.72±1.27）kg、泌乳天数（79.64±2.95）d、泌乳胎次（2.63±0.23）相近的60头荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,每组15头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别使用2%、4%和8%的马铃薯淀粉渣替代基础日粮中的玉米粉。试验为期72d（其中预饲期14d,正试期58d）。试验结果表明,马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛产奶量有显著影响,产奶量随马铃薯淀粉添加量增加而升高（P <0.05）;马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛饲料转化率有显著影响,饲料转化率随马铃薯淀粉添加量增加而降低（P <0.05）;马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛干物质采食量（DMI）、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和乳干物质含量均无显著影响（P> 0.05）。马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛血清总蛋白含量有显著影响,随马铃薯淀粉渣添加量提高,奶牛血清总蛋白含量先升高后降低（P <0.05）;马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛血清尿素氮含量有显著影响,随马铃薯淀粉渣添加量升高,奶牛血清尿素氮含量不断升高（P <0.05）;马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛血清白蛋白、总胆... 相似文献
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试验采用常规营养成分分析、碳水化合物组分和蛋白质组分分析、能量价值预测和体外人工瘤胃法对马铃薯渣和红薯渣的营养价值进行评定。试验所用的5种马铃薯渣采自承德、张家口、吉林、乌兰察布、西安的淀粉加工厂，7种红薯渣采自石家庄、保定、唐山、济南、秦皇岛的淀粉加工厂。结果显示：红薯渣中的粗脂肪（EE）含量（0.80%）显著高于马铃薯渣（0.58%）（P<0.05）；马铃薯渣的粗蛋白质（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和木质素（ADL）含量（6.53%、26.03%、20.77%和4.38%）极显著高于红薯渣（4.57%、16.46%、12.66%和1.51%）（P<0.01）；马铃薯渣和红薯渣的淀粉含量均较高，分别达41.05%、41.71%（P>0.05）；马铃薯渣的不可利用中性洗涤纤维（CC）含量（9.76%）极显著高于红薯渣（3.67%）（P<0.01）；马铃薯渣和红薯渣的蛋白质组分中非蛋白氮（PA）含量最高，分别达到2.77%和2.41%（P>0.05）；马铃薯渣的中速降解真蛋白质（PB2）含量（1.39%）显著高于红薯渣（0.74%）（P<0.05）；马铃薯渣的慢速降解真蛋白质（PB3）和不可利用氮（PC）含量（0.56%和1.01%）极显著高于红薯渣（0.28%和0.47%）（P<0.01）；红薯渣总可消化养分（TDN）、消化能（DE）、代谢能（ME）、维持净能（NEm）、泌乳净能（NEL）和增重净能（NEg）（81.58%、15.03、13.31、9.09、8.50和6.24 MJ/kg）极显著高于马铃薯渣（75.11%、13.82、12.10、8.08、7.66和5.40 MJ/kg）（P<0.01）；红薯渣24 h干物质消化率（DMD24 h）和48 h干物质消化率（DMD48 h）（53.78%和62.48%）极显著高于马铃薯渣（49.34%和58.66%）（P<0.01）。综上所述，马铃薯渣和红薯渣的营养价值均较高，具有成为肉牛饲料原料的潜力，且红薯渣优于马铃薯渣。 相似文献
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马铃薯淀粉渣富含养分、成本低、产量高,是良好的饲料来源。文章分析马铃薯的饲用价值,从青贮和发酵两方面综述马铃薯渣的饲用化研究现状,并提出马铃薯渣饲用潜力开发的主要制约因素,展望其饲用化的应用前景,为马铃薯渣的饲用化研究提供参考。 相似文献
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1.?Potato pulp is the industrial waste produced during starch extraction from potatoes. Its discharge has become an environmental pollution problem and a decisive cost factor due to stricter environmental legislation and associated expense in the potato starch industry.
2.?To date, little information has been provided regarding the nutritive value and any possible toxic effects of potato pulp for poultry feed.
3.?In the present paper, a model was developed to assess potato pulp for use as a new poultry feed, which will help starch factories to decrease waste discharge.
4.?First, a solid-state fermentation technique to change potato pulp to poultry feed is briefly described; then, the major nutrient compositions of this feed are analysed; lastly, related toxicological effects are studied and the safety of the feed assessed.
5.?The results indicated that no unintended effects were found on layer quails during a 30-d feeding study, and the new feed initially showed its safety for poultry in our assessment procedure. However, additional work on limiting nutrients analysis, appetite depressant effects, and egg-laying in a large-scale experiment is required to further establish the findings. 相似文献
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M Klein M Neubert L Hoffmann W Jentsch M Beyer H Scholze S Kuhla 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2001,55(3):207-220
Energy balances of cocks and chickens were measured using the nitrogen-carbon-balance method. In Experiment 1 twelve adult White Leghorn cocks were fed alternately on a basal ration or on a supplemental ration composed of 75% basal diet and 25% carbohydrate source as a supplement. In Experiment 2 six groups of 12 male broiler chickens were fed successively on two diets each with different carbohydrate sources (40% of DM) and on two energy levels. The investigated carbohydrate sources were glucose, fructose, sucrose, maize starch, raw and steamed potato starch, dried sugar beet pulp, tapioca, wheat, maize, rye and barley. In both experiments the energy digestibility of the diets with raw potato starch, beet pulp and barley was significantly lower compared to the other diets. Digestibility of those ranged from 88 to 81%. By simple linear regression no significant differences in efficiency of utilisation of ME of the diets between the carbohydrate sources sugars, starches and cereal grains could be proved. The corresponding MEm values agreed very close among the diets (411 to 429 kJ.kg BW-0.75.d-1). 相似文献
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Hindle VA Vuuren van AM Klop A Mathijssen-Kamman AA van Gelder AH Cone JW 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2005,89(3-6):158-165
Prediction of the supply of glycogenic precursors to dairy cows and the site of degradation of wheat, maize and potato starch (PS) were determined in an in vivo experiment and the results were compared with data obtained from experiments involving in situ nylon bag and in vitro gas production techniques. In a Latin square design experiment four lactating dairy cows fitted with a rumen cannula and T-piece cannulae in the duodenum and terminal ileum, received either a low-starch control diet or diets in which sugar beet pulp in the concentrate mixture had been replaced by wheat, maize or PS. Starch from the different sources was almost completely degraded in the total gastrointestinal tract. For all starches, the rumen was the main site of degradation in vivo. No digestion of PS in the small intestine was observed. In situ results suggested that 14% of wheat starch (WS), 47% of maize starch and 34% of PS escaped rumen fermentation. According to the gas production technique WS ferments quickest and potato slowest. PS had a low degradability during the first 8 (gas production) to 11 (in situ) h. However, according to both in vitro and in vivo measurements rumen degradability of PS was high. The results suggest that in situ and in vitro techniques should be performed in animals that have adapted to starch source to provide a more accurate simulation of the in vivo situation. 相似文献
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Masahito SUGIMOTO Waka SAITO Motoki OOI Yukinobu SATO Toshiro SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(3):280-285
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate (0, 15, 30 or 45%; on a dry matter basis) and roughage sources (rice straw or wheat straw) on finishing performance and carcass quality of cull beef cows. Sixteen Japanese Black (Wagyu) mature cull cows (490 ± 31 kg of BW) were used in this experiment. Increasing the levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate and roughage sources did not significantly affect feed intake in cows. In addition, the final body weight, daily gain and feed : gain ratio were not influenced by the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate and the type of roughage. Increasing the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate would probably decrease the marbling score. The L* values of the longissimus muscle (LM) tended to respond quadratically ( P = 0.078) as the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate increased, and was lowest for cows fed the concentrate which included 30% potato pulp silage. The a* and b* values of the LM and fat color were not affected by the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate. No effects of roughage sources on finishing performance were observed. 相似文献
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J Wünsche M Meinl U Hennig E Borgmann F Kreienbring H D Bock 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1987,37(2):169-188
In addition to a basic ration (barley, dried green fodder, fishmeal) pigs (castrated males, 100 ... 130 kg live weight) received a supplement of raw potato starch, raw ensiled potatoes, cooked potato starch or steamed ensiled potatoes; nutrient and amino acid passage and digestibility (absorption) were measured in the small intestine, the upper large intestine and the total digestive tract with the help of simple cannulae at the distal ileum and the middle of the hind gut and the estimation of the HCl insoluble ash as an indicator. In addition, the amounts of bacteria in faeces were determined and the influence of raw and cooked potato starch on N retention was ascertained. When raw potato products were fed, distinctly higher amounts of dry matter, organic matter and starch pass the ileum, which get into the colon undigested, i.e. the digestibility of these substances is low at the end of the ileum (raw potato starch 24%, starch of raw ensiled potatoes 36%). Up to the middle of the colon there is intensive bacterial starch degradation so that in this place the difference between raw and thermically treated potatoes is only small. No matter what the previous treatment of the potatoes was, there is hardly any starch in faeces, i.e. it was nearly 100% digested up to the end of the digestive tract. The passage and digestibility resp. of ash and crude cellulose from the basic ration is not influenced by the supplement of raw or thermically treated potato products in the individual sections of the digestive tract. At the end of the ileum there are no differences between the apparent digestibility of the crude protein and absorption of amino acids of supplemented raw or cooked potato starch or steamed ensiled potatoes; after the use of raw ensiled potatoes they are, however, significantly more reduced than the comparison of analyses of faeces shows. In the large intestine the high amount of potato starch stimulates the metabolism and the reproduction of faecal bacteria as is shown by an increase by 20-30% in bacteria N excretion in faeces. Apparent crude protein digestibility and amino acid absorption are diminished by that. The increased N excretion in faeces after the supplement of raw potato starch to the basic ration is-in comparison with the supplement of heated starch-compensated by a commensurately lower N excretion in urine so that N retention practically remains uninfluenced by the supplement of variously treated potato starch.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
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Monteils V Jurjanz S Colin-Schoellen Blanchart G Laurent F 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(1):235-241
Wheat and potato are rich in starch but their starches differ in their rate of ruminal degradation. Kinetics of in sacco disappearance and profiles of ruminal fermentation were studied for these two concentrates in total mixed rations based on grass silage or corn silage. Wheat starch was more rapidly (34%/h) degraded by rumen microorganisms than potato starch (5%/h). The differences in starch degradation in sacco were found again in the VFA concentrations, mainly in grass silage-based diets. Overall ruminal pH, total VFA concentration, and proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate are more variable for wheat during the kinetic (amplitude and quickness) than for potato in grass silage-based diets. In these diets, risks of acidosis were more elevated with wheat than with potato but the VFA concentrations were also higher. These differences of fermentation profile were so reduced in corn silage-based diets that, in this case, wheat can be substituted by potato without any effect on digestion and no risk of acidosis. 相似文献