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不同杀菌剂对马铃薯疮痂病的防效试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2013,(2):83-86
马铃薯疮痂病(Streptomyces spp.)是目前内蒙古马铃薯生产的重要病害之一,更是影响微型薯生产的主要病害。缺少有效杀菌剂是病害严重的主要原因,2012年选用10种杀菌剂进行了网棚蛭石消毒防治该病害试验。结果表明:疮痂治200倍液防效86.8%,99%硫酸铜40倍液防效55.1%、50%克菌丹可湿性粉剂500倍液防效50.9%、77%冠菌铜可湿性粉剂500倍液防效42.9%、80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂500倍液防效41.2%。疮痂治对防治马铃薯疮痂病具有优越效果。 相似文献
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4种杀菌剂防治棉花烂铃病田间药效比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选防治棉花烂铃病的新型高效低毒低残留农药,2012和2013年在江苏省大丰市开展了25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂700倍液、50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂1000倍液、46.1%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂850倍液和70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂200倍液防治棉花烂铃病的田间药效试验。结果表明:4种杀菌剂对棉花烂铃病都有一定的防治效果,其中25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂700倍液对棉花烂铃病的防治效果最好,2012年的防治效果为50.70%,2013年的防治效果为75.21%,适宜推广应用。 相似文献
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中国小麦黄矮病的发生及综合防控研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
小麦黄矮病是中国小麦上的重要病害之一,由麦蚜持久性传播大麦黄矮病毒引起,具有间歇式流行的特点.为了综合运用小麦黄矮病各种防控措施.本文综述了小麦黄矮病在中国的发生及流行因素、蚜虫及小麦黄矮病的预测预报、抗病品种培育、化学防治、农业防治等方面的研究,并展望了未来的研究和防治策略,即寻找和利用多种抗黄矮病(BYDV)基因,培育具有优良农艺性状的多聚品种;综合运用各种防控措施进行蚜虫防治,切断BYDV的传播;筛选和研发病毒抑制剂,特别是对环境无污染的植物源和微生物源病毒抑制荆,减轻BYDV对小麦的危害. 相似文献
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小麦上的大麦黄矮病是由大麦黄矮病毒(BYDV)引起的。大麦黄矮病不仅侵染小麦和大麦,还能侵染燕麦、玉米等谷类作物,是世界上谷类作物主要病害之一。近年来大麦黄矮病对小麦的危害面积逐渐扩大,危害程度日趋严重。这种现象引起了小麦工作者的极大关注。大麦黄矮病毒是由蚜虫传播的。根据蚜虫的种类,大麦黄矮病毒至少有5种类型。由麦长管蚜(Macrosikphum avenae)传播的黄矮病 相似文献
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安克防治马铃薯晚疫病的药效试验 总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4
用50%安克湿性粉剂进行马铃薯晚疫病的防治,不同浓度的药剂,不同的喷药次数,有不同的防治效果。在马铃薯生长期喷500倍的安克50%可湿性粉剂的防治效果最佳。 相似文献
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甜菜根腐病的生物和化学控制初步研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
采用小区和大区对比相结合的试验方法,探讨了生物和化学药剂防治甜菜根腐病的效果。研究结果表明,５０％福美双可湿性粉剂与７０％土菌消可湿性粉剂等量混合后种子重量的０．８％拌种、荧光假单胞菌１００倍液浸种２４ｈ、５％菌毒清水剂３００倍液浸种２４ｈ与５０％福美双可湿性粉剂种子重量０．８％拌种（对照）比较,防治甜菜根腐病效果均达５０％以上,差异显著,并且具有兼防甜菜立枯病和明显的增产增糖作用 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献