首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The leptine glycoalkaloids fromSolanum chacoense Bitter are potential resistance factors to Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. A selected sample of 17 F1 hybrids (4x) from crosses of a 4xS. chacoense clone that synthesizes leptines (8380-1) with 4xS. tuberosum L. lines were selfed to generate F2 hybrids (4x) and were also backcrossed toS. tuberosum. Glycoalkaloid (GA) content in foliage and tubers was measured for 786 sibling genotypes from the two generations in the field at Beltsville, Maryland. Leptines were found in the foliage of all F2 hybrids and in 98% of the backcross genotypes. Leptines were not detected in tubers from either generation. Foliage concentrations of leptines for the F2 hybrids averaged 156 mg/100g fresh weight (FW). The proportion of the total GA content consisting of leptines averaged 42%. By backcrossing the F1 hybrids toS. tuberosum the average concentration of leptines was reduced to 44 mg/100g FW. The proportion of leptines averaged 16%. The tuber contents of solanine plus chaconine glycoalkaloids averaged 52 mg/100g FW for the F2 hybrids and 27 mg/100g for the backcross genotypes.  相似文献   

2.
Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to late blight have been reported in diploid potatoes. The diploid wild potato species Solanum chacoense possesses a high degree of horizontal resistance to late blight. In the present study, we report on QTL mapping for late blight resistance in a diploid mapping population of 126 F1 of Solanum spegazzinii (susceptible) × S. chacoense (resistant). The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values for late blight resistance using the “whole plant in vitro assay” and the “detached leaf assay” on the mapping population displayed quantitative variation. Out of 64 AFLP primer-pairs combinations and SSR markers, a total of 209 significant AFLP loci were placed onto the 12 linkage group of potato covering a total map length of 6548.1 cM. QTL analysis based on the AUDPC dataset of the “whole plant in vitro assay” using the interval-mapping option identified two QTL (LOD?>?2.5) located on linkage groups IX and X, which explained 14.70 and 3.40% variation, respectively. The present study revealed the presence of potential new genetic loci in the diploid potato family contributing to quantitative resistance against late blight.  相似文献   

3.
The aim of this work is the evaluation of tetraploid potato clones with germplasm fromS. chacoense andS. phureja for chipping and resistance to tuber soft rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora). Tetraploid potato clones were obtained via 2n eggs through 2x–4x crosses. Cytological mechanisms were investigated in the diploid hybrid 2n-egg producer used as parent in the unilateral sexual polyploidization scheme; the omission of the second meiotic division and cytokinesis failure at the end of meiosis were identified with a genetic consequence equivalent to second division restitution (SDR). Tuber marketable yield, specific gravity and chip-processing ability evaluated at harvest and after cold storage with and without reconditioning were higher in some clones as compared to theS. tuberosum tetraploid parent. Tuber soft rot resistance, contributed byS. chacoense, was successfully transferred to the4x level. After inoculation withErwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora and estimation of the rotted area, one tetraploid clone proved to be resistant and three partially resistant. The genetic value of exotic germplasm and sexual polyploidization strategy are discussed in relation to potato improvement.  相似文献   

4.
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact).  相似文献   

5.
Summary Genes ofSolanum tuberosum L. ssp.tuberosum were introduced into cytoplasm ofS. tuberosum ssp.andigena (Juz. & Buk.) Hawkes andS. phureja Juz. & Buk. to reduce cytoplasmic sterilities. Alleles that influenced berry set and seed content produced differences between reciprocal progenies. Their expressions were interpreted in terms of genes of the maternal and/or paternal parents. When the ssp.andigena genotype was introduced from the maternal parent if favoured high berry set and low seed number. Maternal ssp.tuberosum favoured lower berry set and higher seed number. The source ofS. phureja cytoplasm, aS. phureja×S. chacoense F1, used as maternal parent favoured lower berry and seed set. During successive backcrosses progeny expressions approached those of the recurrent ssp.tuberosum pollen parents. A low level of pollen sterility occurred in BC2 plants, unrelated to direction of cross or cytoplasmic factors. By BC4, seed set and fertility were as good as ssp.tuberosum, and recurrent backcrossing could be terminated without loss of seed production or fertility. Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 7493.  相似文献   

6.
Summary Functional female fertility (FFF) and functional male fertility (FMF) were studied in diploid potato clones, includingS. tuberosum haploids, F1 hybrids between haploids and otherSolanum species, and in progenies from subsequent hybridisations. The results of 402 crosses between 91 diploid potato clones revealed that 60% of all genotypes had low levels of FFF as well as low levels of FMF regardless of their origin and degree of hybridity. Failed crosses (without any fruits at all) and those with a low level of success (with less than 3 seeds per pollinated flower) constituted 69% of all studied crosses. Most of these had resulted from parents with low levels of FFF and FMF, and these two characteristics were expressed independently. Functional female fertility affected crossability behaviour no less than FMF, therefore both FFF and FMF should be controlled in diploid potato clones involved in breeding. Reliable FFF and FMF estimates can be based only on crossing results. The coefficient of multiple correlation between seeds per pollinated flower in crosses and FFF and FMF estimates of the parental clones was 0.80 (P<0.01). Hence the compilation and analysis of the results of diploid potato crosses allow a reliable assessment of FFF and FMF and consequently the prediction of crossability with a degree of sufficient accuracy.  相似文献   

7.
Summary Two species of wild potato,S. brevidens andS. fernandezianum, were surveyed for six potato-infecting viruses in their natural habitats in the Puerto Montt Region and Robinson Crusoe Island of Chile, respectively. Potato viruses S (PVS), M (PVM) and X (PVX) and potato yellowing virus (PYV) were found in some clones of the Chilean Potato Germplasm Collection, whereas only one population ofS. brevidens out of six was virus-infected, namely by PVS. The cultivated potatoes on Robinson Crusoe Island were infected by PVS, PVM and PVX and infested byAulacorthum solani andMyzus persicae, whereasS. fernandezianum was infected by PYV and infested byA. circumflexum, A. solani andAphis spp.  相似文献   

8.
Summary Verticillium dahliae causes potato (Solanum tuberosum) early dying disease. Interspecific hybrids containingS. tuberosum, S. berthaultii, S. bukasovii, S. chacoense, S. gourlayi, S. sparsipilum andS. tarijense were identified with resistance toV. dahliae. Clones were grown in replicated trials for three years in a plot containing approximately 50 colony forming units (cfu)V. dahliae per g soil. Clones were evaluated for vine maturity, early dying symptoms and stem colonization. Five resistant 2x clones were identified with early maturity and low levels of stem colonization. A single maturity score and one disease score, each obtained in mid-August, were sufficient to distinguish among clones. An effective threshold level for considering a stem to be infected was determined to be 25 cfu/100 μl sap. Early dying symptoms did not correlate strongly with stem colonization. Numerous stems must be sampled when making resistance assessments. The average cfu/100 μl sap correlated strongly with the number of infected stems.  相似文献   

9.
Summary Tubers of clones from a diploid hybrid population ofSolanum phureja andS. stenotomum were screened for resistance to tuber soft rot caused by strains ofErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (Eca),E. carotovora subsp.carotovora (Ecc) andE. chrysanthemi (Ech). Significant, positive correlations between resistance to the different strains and species were observed, indicating that screening for resistance to tuber soft rot could be accomplished by using just one of the three pathogens. Strains of Ecc and Ech were found to be much more virulent than strains of Eca. Inoculating with Ecc and Ech resulted in more distinct differences among susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant clones than inoculating with Eca.  相似文献   

10.
A breeding scheme is outlined which broadens the genetic base of the potato by incorporation of germplasm fromS. chacoense (Argentina) with Group Phureja and haploids of Group Tuberosum. Selection for adaptation to cultivation and production of 2n gametes is carried out at the diploid level, with the benefits of disomic ratios.S. chacoense provides increased genetic diversity, vegetative vigor and profuse flowering. About one-fifth of the 654 plants examined produced 2n eggs; clones with high 2n egg production may be obtained either by screening within particular introductions or by intercrossing known 2n egg producers. Only 16 of 1,212 plants screened produced 2n pollen —one by first division restitution. There is great variation among introductions and individuals for tuberization in the greenhouse. Selection for early tuberization in the field may be difficult due to extremely long stolons, but it would be facilitated by incorporation of the short stolon characteristic from the topiary mutant typeS. infundibuliforme. Male sterile Tuberosum haploids hybridize withS. chacoense to give male fertile interspecific F1 progeny, some of which produce 2n eggs or 2n pollen.  相似文献   

11.
Summary Attempts have been made to differentiate 9Solanum species and 8 Slovakian cultivars ofS. tuberosum using soluble proteins, isoesterases and antigenic properties of tuber proteins. Soluble proteins were shown to possess the highest diagnostic value in discriminating between individual species and varieties.S. brevidens of the subsectionEstolonifera deviated from the rest of the species belonging to the subsectionPotatoe. The electrophoretic profiles and immunological responses of individual species only partially correlated with their taxonomic positions. The highest similarity was observed between the pairs of speciesS. bulbocastanum, S. stenotomum, S. maglia-S. phurea andS. gourlayi-S. vernei. It was possible to differentiate also between individual potato cultivars or between their groups according to both soluble protein and isoesterase patterns.  相似文献   

12.
Common scab caused by the soil-borne bacterium Streptomyces scabies is a serious disease for the potato industry. We have identified a strong source of resistance in the diploid wild relative Solanum chacoense. This resistance has been introgressed into tetraploid cultivated potato via unilateral sexual polyploidization. This paper describes three hybrid clones (M8, M16, M17) for use by potato breeding programs to enhance resistance to common scab. They were created by crossing a diploid clone (50% S. tuberosum, 50% S. chacoense) to tetraploid cultivars, producing hybrids with 75% cultivated and 25% wild germplasm. The clones are male and female fertile, and are adapted to temperate zone production environments.  相似文献   

13.
Summary Tubers of diploid interspecific hybrids, hexaploid somatic hybrids ofSolanum tuberosum andSolanum brevidens, a fusion parental line (S. tuberosum) and several Polish and American commercial cultivars were screened for resistance toErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica andErwinia chrysanthemi, in laboratory tests. Both groups of hybrids showed a high level of resistance to soft rot and gave a similar type of resistant reaction, which distinguished them from the cultivars and fusion parent. Tubers of the diploid interspecific hybrids had a high starch content. Our results indicate the possibility of obtaining breeding material with a high starch content and resistance to bacterial soft rot.  相似文献   

14.
Summary The objectives of these experiments were to evaluate male sterility (MS) and 2n pollen frequency in 77 4x×2x families and 26 4x×4x families. The 2x parents were haploid-species hybrids and the 4x parents mainly clones withS. tuberosum ssp.tuberosum (tbr) andS. tuberosum ssp.andigena (adg) in their genetic background. The female parents had different cytoplasms: adg, tbr,S. demissum (dms), andS. stoloniferum (sto). Families from female parents with adg or dms cytoplasm did not have MS plants. However, families derived from crosses of many tbr females with 2x hybrids and a 4x adg clone had a high percentage of MS plants; all the progenies from cv. Serrana (sto cytoplasm) possessed tetrad sterility. These results can be explained as due to an interaction between a dominant male sterility (Ms) gene with tbr and sto cytoplasms. Some MS 4x hybrids (tbr×adg) used as females had the Ms gene, but male fertility was restored in some plants of their progenies when they were crossed with 4x tbr clones. This indicates that some tbr clones have a fertility restorer gene (Rt). The results from both 4x×2x and 4x×4x families fit the expected ratios assuming chromatid segregation for both the Ms and Rt loci. The gene frequency of parallel spindles was estimated in the 4x population as 0.74.  相似文献   

15.
Five diploid hybrid families derived from crosses between haploids of three Argentinian cultivars and three diploid wild species,Solanum gourlayi, S. chacoense andS. spegazzinii, were evaluated in a field experiment in Balcarce. All plants were androsterile and, thus, could not be screened for 2n pollen production. Data on agronomic tuber traits were statistically analyzed. Differences among families were non-significant for tuber number/plant, but were significant for tuber weight/plant and dry matter content (with values above 21.0% in two of them). The relative frequencies of tubers in the categories established for size, skin texture, and eye depth were family dependent, but they were familiy independent in the categories established for tuber shape and skin color. Great morphological variability was detected for all the traits studied, and plants with high yield and high dry matter content were identified. These families can be used as sources of germplasm in breeding and to explore heterotic responses in 2x × 4x crosses, given the capacity of some plants to produce 2n eggs, as found in a related investigation.  相似文献   

16.
Summary Accessions of tuber-bearingSolanum spp. related toS. tuberosum subsp.tuberosum were obtained from the German-Dutch collection (Braunschweig, Germany) and the Inter-regional potato collection (Sturgeon Bay, USA). They were screened for resistance toG. rostochiensis Rol andG. pallida Pa2/3. Among 1567 clones from 52 accessions, 135 clones (23 accessions) were resistant toG. rostochiensis. They mainly representedS. andigena, gourlayi, spegazzinii andvernei. Among 1689 clones (74 accessions), 105 clones (32 accessions) were resistant toG. pallida. They representedS. gourlayi, spegazzinii, sparsipilum andvernei. About 25 clones were resistant to both species.  相似文献   

17.
Summary Recurrent backcrosses (BC) were used to introduce nuclear factors ofS. tuberosum L. ssp.tuberosum into the cytoplasm of Andean potatoesS. tuberosum ssp.andigena (Juz. and Buk.) Hawkes andS. phureja Juz. and Buk. Each generation BC was produced in reciprocal directions to test the effect of cytoplasmic substitution on yield. This report analyses tuber number, tuber weight, and tuber length of BC2 and BC3 substitution into ssp.andigena cytoplasm and BC2 and BC2 substitutions intoS. phureja cytoplasm. Direction of cross had no consistent significant effect on yield components of ssp.andigena substitution lines. InS. phureja reciprocal progenies direction of cross was responsible for significant differences of some reciprocal sets. When there were significant differences the higher yield usually occurred when ssp.tuberosum was the pistillate parent, but in some progenies when ssp.tuberosum was the pistillate parent the yield was significantly lower than in the reciprocals. It is suggested that differences between reciprocals resulted from chromosomally encoded gene action, resulting from maternal and/or paternal effects, rather than cytoplasmic factors. Authorized for publication as paper No. 7494 in the Journal Series of The Pennsylvania Agriculture Experiment Station.  相似文献   

18.
Summary Haploid-wild species hybrids have been produced that incorporate desirable traits and genetic diversity from wild species into the cultivated potato. Nine wild species were represented in 210 hybrids which were evaluated in a yield trial with ten haploid parents and four cultivars. Haploid-wild species hybrids yielded up to 3.1 kg/hill, compared to 1.8 kg/hill for the haploids; the species parents did not tuberize. Some 2x hybrids outyielded three of the 4x cultivars. Tubers of most hybrids, especially those withSolanum berthaultii, S. canasense, S. chacoense, andS. tarijense as parents, were very smooth. Tuber set in many haploid-wild species hybrids was low. Extensive variability for dormancy and mass density (specific gravity) was also observed. Haploid-wild species hybrids which produce 2n pollen have been brought to the 4x level via 4x×2x crosses.
Zusammenfassung Es wurden Haploid-Wildarten F1-Hybriden erzeugt, um aus Wildarten in Zuchtkartoffeln wünschenswerte Merkmale und genetische Mannigfaltigkeit hineinzubringen. Vier Sorten, zehn Haploide und 210 Haploid-Wildarten F1-Hybriden, einschliesslich der folgenden 2x-Wildarten, wurden in einen Ertragsversuch einbezogen:S. berthaultii (ber),S. boliviense (blv),S. canasense (can),S. chacoense (chc),S. infundibuliforme (ifd),S. microdontum (mcd),S. sanctae-rosae (sct),S. raphanifolium (rap), andS. tarijense (tar). Die Ertr?ge vieler Haploid-Wildarten Hybriden waren erstaunlich hoch, bis zu 3,1 kg/Hügel und gr?sser als bei jeweils beiden Eltern (Tabelle 1). Haploide ergaben bis zu 1,8 kg/Hügel, die Arten-Eltern bildeten keine Knollen. Die Abb. 1 veranschaulicht den Unterschied zwischen dem Ertrag einer Hybride und ihrer Eltern. Einige 2x-Hybriden übertrafen 4x-Sorten (Tabelle 2): Gr?ssere Pflanzweiten und eine lange Wachstumszeit m?gen den Hybriden einen Vorteil gegenüber den Sorten gegeben haben. Die Knollen der meisten Haploid-Wildarten Hybriden waren sehr weich, besonders diejenigen mit ber, can, che und tar als Eltern. Bei einigen Haploid-Wildarten Hybriden hatten alle Klone gleicher Abstammung eine lange Knollenkeimruhe, bei anderen waren einige Klone innerhalb der gleichen Abstammung mit langer, andere mit kurzer Keimruhe (Tabelle 3). Die Massendichte (spezifische Gewicht) variierte innerhalb der Haploid-Wildarten Hybriden von 1,050 für eine US-W2838 x tar Hybride und eine US-W457 x tar Hybride bis 1,110 für eine US-W2236 x tar Hybride; Haploide variieren von 1,058 bis 1,079 und Sorten von 1,051 bis 1,076. Die Erzeugung von Haploid-Wildarten Hybriden ist eine wirkungsvolle Methode, um nicht adaptiertes Wildarten-Erbgut in eine Form zu bringen, die Knollen ausbilden wird. Dies erlaubt die leichte Erhaltung wertvoller Genotypen und die Absch?tzung der Beitr?ge von Wildarten-Genotypen zum Ertrag und zu den Knollenmerkmalen. Auch erh?lt man damit ein hoch variables Material für genetische Untersuchungen. Haploid-Wildarten Hybriden, die 2n-Pollen erzeugen, wurden in 4x×2x Kreuzungen verwendet, um 4x-Hybriden herzustellen, die in Kartoffelzuchtprogrammen eingesetzt werden k?nnen.
Résumé Des hybrides F1 issus d'espèces haplo?des sauvages ont été produits dans le but d'introduire des caractères désirables et la diversité génétique dans les pommes de terre cultivées. Quatre variétés, dix haplo?des et 210 hybrides F1 issus d'espèces haplo?des sauvages, incluant les espèces sauvages 2x, entraient dans l'essai de productivité:S. berthaultii (ber),S. boliviense (blv),S. canasense (can),S. chacoense (chc),S. infundibuliforme (ifd),S. microdontum (mcd),S. sanctae-rosae (sct),S. raphanifolium (rap) etS. tarijense (tar). La production de nombreux hybrides issus d'espèces haplo?des sauvages était notablement élevée, plus de 3.1 par pied, et plus forte que celle de leurs parents (tableau 1). Les haplo?des produisaient 1.8 kg/pied; les espèces parentales ne tubérisaient pas. La figure 1 illustre les différences observées entre le rendement de l'hybride et celui de ses parents. Quelques hybrides 2x surpassaient les variétés 4x (tableau 2). Un espacement important et une longue durée de végétation pourraient avoir donné un avantage aux hybrides sur les variétés. Les tubercules de la plupart des hybrides issus d'espèces haplo?des sauvages, notamment de ceux dont les parents étaient ber, can, chc et tar, étaient lisses. Quelques hybrides d'espèces haplo?des sauvages, tous apparentés, présentaient une longue dormance; pour d'autres la dormance était courte (tableau 3). Parmi les hybrides issus d'espèces haplo?des sauvages, la densité (le poids spécifique) variait de 1.050 pour US-W2838 x tar et US-W457 x tar à 1.100 pour US-W2236 x tar; les haplo?des s'échelonnaient de 1.058 à 1.079 et les variétés de 1.051 à 1.076. La production d'hybrides à partir d'espèces haplo?des sauvages est une méthode efficace pour introduire le caractère tubérifère chez des espèces sauvages qui ne le sont pas. Elle permet la maintenance facile de génotypes valables et l'évaluation de l'apport des génotypes d'espèces sauvages au rendement et aux caractéristiques des tubercules. Elle fournit aussi un matériel hautement variable pour les études génétiques. Des hybrides issus d'espèces haplo?des sauvages produisant du pollen 2n étaient utilisés dans les croisements 4x et 2x pour obtenir des hybrides 4x qui pourront contribuer aux programmes d'hybridation de la pomme de terre.
  相似文献   

19.
Most wild potato germplasm in genebanks is collected, preserved, and evaluated as botanical seed populations that may be highly heterozygous and heterogeneous. However, some species are selfers so potentially very homozygous, perhaps also homogeneous. Intrapopulation heterogeneity increases sampling error that can undermine consistency in seed regeneration in the genebank, screening results, germplasm collecting, and estimates of taxonomic relationships. Thus, knowledge of genetic heterogeneity (GH) can predict the need to commit more resources for larger sample sizes or replication when populations of a given species are being regenerated, evaluated, collected, and classified. This study investigated withinpopulation GH in 32 potato populations comprising four different breeding systems observed inSolatium species:S. fendleri (2n=4x=48, disomic selfer),S. jamesii (2n=2x=24, outcrosser),S. sucrense (2n=4x=48, tetrasomic outcrosser), andS. verrucosum (2n=2x=24, selfer). RAPD markers were used to estimate heterogeneity among 24 individuals per population. Populations ofS. verrucosum were quite homogeneous with an average GH of 6.0%. Similarly low heterogeneity was detected among the eight populations ofS. fendleri (average GH=7.1%). In contrast,S. jamesii andS. sucrense had a much higher GH of 29.4% and 44.1%, respectively. These results demonstrate and quantify the great difference in intrapopulation heterogeneity among wild potato species. Calculations based on intrapopulation heterogeneity indicate that samples should be composed of 25 to 30 random plants for low sample variation that is uniform for all species.  相似文献   

20.
Wild Solanum species are characterized by several types of glycoalkaloids (GAs), which are usually not found in commercial potato cultivars. These alkaloids serve as defence compounds against herbivores and microorganisms, especially fungi. In this study, the GA composition of tuber and leaf material of 17 wild Solanum species was analysed qualitatively by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography. The GAs identified were α-solanine, α-chaconine, β-chaconine, solasonine, solamargine, demissine, dehydrodemissine, α-tomatine, dehydrotomatine, commersonine, dehydrocommersonine, leptine I and leptine II. Most species accumulated the common potato GAs α-solanine and α-chaconine in tubers and solasonine and solamargine additionally in leaves. In some species, such as S. acaule ssp. acaule, S. demissum and S. polyadenium, substantial amounts of unusual alkaloids were detected. By using LC-ESI-MS, we detected several minor alkaloids such as dehydrogenated forms of α-tomatine, demissine and commersonine for the first time. Total GA content, expressed as the sum of the four main alkaloids α-solanine, α-chaconine, solamargine and solasonine differed from species to species. In general, GA contents in leaf tissue were higher and GA patterns were more complex than those of tubers.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号