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1.
《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1993,54(4):293-305
The effects on spray drift of nozzle size, angle and operating pressures for boom-mounted hydraulic nozzles operating over a range of meteorological and crop conditions, was investigated using computer simulation. The results showed that the measurements of droplet size, particularly the percentages of spray volume in droplets less than 100 μm in diameter, critically influenced spray drift. Measurements made with an optical imaging system gave data which showed insensitivity to some of the parameters studied, in particular, nozzle size. Results using measurements from this instrument indicated greater spray drift from 80° nozzles mounted at 0·5 m above the crop than from 110° nozzles operating over a comparable range of flowrates and positioned 0·35 m above the crop, despite the coarser spray quality produced by the nozzle with the smaller fan angle. Further simulations were carried out using data from a Phase Doppler analyser in which better resolution of size was possible at droplet diameters <100 μm. Using this data, the model indicated an increase in the mass flux of down-wind airborne spray in conditions that encouraged evaporation; this effect was probably over-estimated because of the assumed constant local air moisture content.Spray drift was shown to increase approximately linearly with wind speed; the rate of increase for a given spray sheet angle and operating pressure was a function of nozzle size. The simulation was also used to demonstrate that a measurement of wind speed made at a height of 2 m above a tall crop signifies a greater drift hazard than the same wind speed measured over a short crop at the same height above the ground. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1996,63(1):35-44
Wind tunnel measurements of spray movement are important for estimating potential spray drift. The movement of airborne spray downwind of a flat-fan hydraulic spray nozzle is influenced by trailing vortices. These can cause entrained spray to be vertically displaced in narrow section tunnels. A two-dimensional vortex flow model has been developed to predict the movement of drops entrained in the trailing vortices. This has been used to predict the influence of tunnel dimensions on airborne spray movement. The results are in qualitative agreement with the measurements. The maximum circulation strength of the vortices induced by flat-fan nozzles is estimated to be 1 m2 s−1for a windspeed of 1 m s−2. Vorticity decreases with windspeed and tunnel cross-sectional area. Simulations and experiments where wind tunnel dimensions were varied, showed that tunnels with widths ⩾2 m and height ⩾1 m are suitable for measurements of airborne spray from 110° flat-fan nozzles. More detailed investigations, and further development of the model, require accurate measurements of vortex circulation strength. 相似文献
3.
为了了解喷雾参数间互作效应对农药雾滴飘移的影响.建立了风速调节是0~6 m/s的低速风洞,采用碳纤维棒收集垂直方向和水平方向上含荧光素钠的雾滴,由荧光分光光度计测定了收集杆上的荧光素钠的含量,利用SPSS软件进行分析.结果发现：雾滴飘移沉积与喷头类型、压力、喷雾介质、风速密切相关,影响雾滴飘移沉积的喷头结构参数和操作技术参数因素次序依次为风速、喷头类型、喷雾介质、压力.喷雾参数之间存在互作效应,喷雾介质与喷头类型、风速与喷头类型、风速与喷雾介质、喷雾介质与喷头类型与风速之间的互作效应较显著,其余喷雾参数之间的互作效应不显著.随着垂直高度和水平距离的增加,雾滴的沉积减少,随着喷雾压力和风速的增大,雾滴飘失严重,为了减少飘移,在实际田间喷雾作业时,要注重风速的选择.防飘移助剂 Greenwet 720有效的控制了雾滴的飘移沉积,表面活性剂Greenwet X-100增大了雾滴的飘移沉积.研究喷雾参数对雾滴飘移的互作效应的机理能减少雾滴飘移,提高施药的作业效率、增强病虫害防治效果、减少环境污染,对农业生产具有重要的理论和现实意义. 相似文献
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5.
扇形喷头雾滴粒径分布风洞试验 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
利用开路式风洞系统和Sympatec激光粒度仪测试了参考喷头的雾谱尺寸以此作为喷头雾谱等级的依据。对扇形雾喷头在不同压力、风速、喷头与激光粒度仪距离情况下的雾滴粒径、数量和范围进行了试验。试验结果表明,压力、风速、喷头与激光粒度仪之间距离的增大,都导致扇形雾喷头的雾滴体积中径变小,尺寸小于150μm的雾滴占全部雾滴体积的百分比变大,增加了农药脱靶飘移的可能性,同时压力和风速的增大都导致部分喷头的雾谱等级降低。为了保证激光粒度仪对雾滴粒径测试结果的可靠性,可以使用风洞试验和调整喷头与激光粒度仪的距离,来减小因细小雾滴通过激光束过程中速度迅速衰减而对测量结果带来的影响。 相似文献
6.
《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1993,54(4):281-291
A semi-empirical model has been developed for predicting the distortion by wind of raingun application patterns. The model can be calibrated from three full-circle wetting pattern field tests and used to predict wetting patterns at any intermediate wind speed and for any sector angle, thus providing data for raingun evaluation.For large sprinklers and rainguns, the water jet induces flow of the surrounding air mass, reducing air resistance and enhancing throw. The model assumes that the distortion of the irrigation pattern by wind is due to the combination of wind drift and range shortening due to disruption of the induced air flow, and that the disruption of the air flow is proportional to the component of the wind velocity perpendicular to the jet near the nozzle.The model was tested against 18 other measured patterns and, except in one case, achieved a reasonable degree of fit with standard deviations of the errors between 1·4 and 3·4 mm/h compared to peak application rates between 23·8 and 30·6 mm/h and a typical standard deviation in the field measurements of 1·55 mm/h due to non-symmetry. 相似文献
7.
随着植保无人飞机作业面积的增加，雾滴飘移风险也日益凸显，尤其以除草剂飘移风险危害最高。为明确除草剂溶液对雾滴粒径的影响及植保无人飞机喷施除草剂雾滴沉积飘移分布特性，本研究通过室内雾化室测定了植保无人飞机安装的离心转盘雾化喷头喷洒清水及常用的15种麦田除草剂溶液的雾滴粒径分布，并通过田间试验在药箱中添加荧光示踪剂（60 g/hm2）测定喷施作业区和飘移区的雾滴沉积量分布。室内测定结果表明，与清水相比，除草剂溶液对雾滴粒径影响显著。除唑草酮水分散粒剂外，其余溶液经离心转盘雾化喷头喷洒后，雾滴体积中径较清水均有所降低，且最大降低22.0%；小雾滴（V<150 μm）比例均有所增加，最大增加50.8%。田间飘移试验表明，植保无人飞机喷洒150 μm雾滴，在环境侧风风速为3.76 m/s时，作业区的雾滴沉积覆盖度和雾滴沉积密度仅为风速0.74 m/s时的41.3%和42.2%，且均匀性显著降低。在飘移区下风向12 m位置，雾滴沉积量为作业区的10%以下；下风向50 m处，雾滴沉积量低于检测限（0.0002 μL/cm2）。飘移比率随风速的增加而增加，当风速达到3.76 m/s时，雾滴飘移比率达到46.4%。不同侧风风速下，90%的累积飘移位置在4.8~22.4 m。对飘移区沉积量与飘移距离、侧风风速拟合，结果表明下风向沉积量与风速呈正比。本研究为植保无人飞机冬麦田不同风速作业下的雾滴飘移距离提供数据支持，为喷雾飘移缓冲带、飘移风险评估提供依据。 相似文献
8.
为实现对靶标杂草的有效覆盖和提高对靶施药精度,减少药液浪费和生态污染,采用基于二自由度机械臂的对靶施药方式,优化了除草机器人的对靶喷施性能;除草机器人药液喷洒模型的建立是提高对靶喷施精度的关键,在考虑风扰的前提条件下,根据液滴粒子轨迹动力学方程,结合机械臂连杆和关节变量参数,建立液滴喷洒轨迹模型,并推导得到液滴理论沉积覆盖区域;在此基础上通过计算机数值模拟,分析了喷头位姿、车速和风速对液滴落地沉积覆盖区域的影响,并对靶标点进行了坐标重构;在室内搭建了小型开口直流低速风洞并进行药液喷洒验证试验,利用图像处理技术获取试验的液滴落地沉积覆盖区域,对比其与理论沉积覆盖区域,形心误差范围为4.1~7.2 mm,区域匹配误差范围为9.1%~17.8%。试验结果表明:理论沉积覆盖区域与试验测定的结果误差较小,两者具有较高的一致性。 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1999,72(1):71-81
Experiments were carried out to check the validity of the method used to calculate gas fluxes in the wind-tunnel technique. This method assumes that the airflow is completely mixed downwind of the emission plot. This hypothesis was tested using a homogeneously distributed CO2source installed on the ground under the tunnel cover. Carbon dioxide was used instead of ammonia to allow measurement of its concentration fluctuation.The measured vertical profiles of wind speed and concentration were non-uniform in the measurement section, showing that the flow was far from being completely mixed, and leading to a recovery rate ranging from 77 to 87%. Using the measured concentration and wind profiles, the efficiency of several sampling systems was numerically simulated.Using this approach, the conventional sampling system led to an underestimation of the actual flux of up to 11%, while the non-uniformity of the wind profiles was responsible for an overestimation of 3%. The turbulent component of the horizontal flux was found to be less than 0·5% of the mean component. This study suggests that an optimal sampling system could decrease the error due to sampling to a small percentage, while a flow modifier could halve the error due to the wind profile. 相似文献
10.
在离心式喷头喷雾系统中,转速和水平风速是影响其喷雾漂移的主要原因。为此,对雾滴建立能量方程,从理论方面描述了雾滴漂移的程度;搭建了离心式喷雾系统试验平台,分析不同转速下雾滴直径变化情况以及不同转速、不同水平风速对离心式喷头喷雾漂移的影响规律。雾滴漂移率的理论计算和试验结果表明:水平风速不变时,理论漂移率与试验漂移率都随着转速增大而增大;转速不变时,理论漂移率和试验漂移率也随着水平风速的增大而增大;当喷头转速和水平风速都较大时,漂移率急剧上升且达到了非常大的数值;理论漂移率和试验漂移率之间的误差不超过3%,说明从能量角度对雾滴的喷雾性能进行理论描述是合理、可行的。该理论分析和试验研究可为离心式喷头喷雾系统实际应用提供参考。 相似文献
11.
风幕式气力辅助静电喷雾沉积特性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
针对传统农业施药过程中雾滴漂移量大和雾滴冠层穿透力不足的问题,以风幕式气力辅助喷雾系统为研究对象,采用称重平面沉积量方法,研究了风幕式气力辅助下荷电喷雾和非荷电喷雾在不同高度面上的沉积规律,以及不同风幕风速影响下荷电喷雾和非荷电喷雾的沉积特性,分析了风幕射流流场对喷雾液滴沉积分布的影响.研究表明:风幕式气力辅助有效减少了液滴的横向扩散,使喷雾沉积集中在靠近喷雾中心的狭窄区域,有效抑制雾滴漂移;风幕流场加强喷雾流场的扰动,使非荷电喷雾和荷电喷雾沿喷杆轴向沉积都更加均匀.气体射流增加了液滴的动量,射流速度越大风幕对喷雾沉积分布影响越大. 相似文献
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气力辅助静电雾化的PIV试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究气力辅助作用下静电雾化的流场特性,采用粒子图像测速技术（PIV）对风速、荷电电压及通气管与喷头间距等参数影响下的喷雾流场进行测量,并结合Tecplot后处理软件对所储存图片进行处理和分析,获得了不同参数下的静电喷雾流场特性.结果表明：通气管和喷头的间距以及风速一定时,不同的荷电电压形成不同程度的卷吸,且电压越大,卷吸现象越明显,卷吸区域沿着喷雾的轴向逐渐向下延伸;通气管和喷头的间距以及荷电电压一定时,随着风速的增大,气动力的主导作用越来越明显,在气流区的卷吸程度逐渐减弱,卷吸现象逐渐消失,卷吸区域逐渐向喷雾核心区收缩;风速以及荷电电压一定时,随着通气管与喷头间距的拉大,雾滴的漂移现象越来越严重,同时喷雾流场的卷吸现象越来越明显并逐渐向喷雾核心区靠近. 相似文献
14.
为了描述风幕式喷杆喷雾雾滴特性与飘移性能之间的关系,运用激光粒度分析仪、粒子图像测速(PIV)和集雾试验测量装置对Lechler标准扇形喷头ST110-01在不同喷雾压力、风幕出风口风速和喷雾高度情况下的雾滴粒径、速度分布和飘移进行了试验,但飘移率逐渐变大;在400~600mm时,增大喷雾高度使雾滴粒径变大,雾滴的运动速度逐渐变小且飘移率变小;增大风幕出风口风速使雾滴粒径变小,此时喷雾高度对雾滴飘移率有着很大的影响。该研究可为正确设定喷雾系统运行参数等提供参考,对风幕式喷杆喷雾能够合理地喷施药液、减少雾滴的飘移和增大雾滴覆盖面积具有重要意义。 相似文献
15.
Attila Yazar 《Agricultural Water Management》1984,8(4):439-449
Quantitative determinations of evaporation and drift losses from sprinkler systems were carried out under different operating conditions.Evaporation losses determined by an electrical-conductivity method ranged from 1.5 to 16.8% of the total sprinkled volume. Wind velocity and vapor pressure deficit were the most significant factors affecting the evaporation losses. Exponential relationships between the evaporation losses and both wind velocity and vapor pressure deficit have been found. For the operating pressures used in this study the least effect on evaporation was found.Drift losses measured by the magnesium-oxide method varied from 1.5 to 15.1%. Drift losses increased with the second power of the wind velocity, and decreased with increasing distance in the downwind direction.Combined losses from a sprinkler system for a given set of operating conditions have been estimated by using the results obtained from the experiments. Combined losses ranged from 1.7 to 30.7% of the applied water. 相似文献
16.
多旋翼无人机旋翼下方风场对航空喷施雾滴沉积的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
风场是影响航空喷施雾滴沉积分布特性的重要因素之一。为了揭示多旋翼无人机旋翼下方风场对雾滴沉积分布的影响机理,通过无人机旋翼风场测量系统测量多旋翼电动无人机旋翼下方的风场分布,同时结合航空喷施雾滴在水稻冠层的沉积情况,分析旋翼下方X、Y、Z 3个方向的风场对雾滴沉积分布的影响,并对试验结果进行了方差分析和回归分析。结果表明:在无人机旋翼下方3向风场中,X和Y向风速对有效喷幅区内雾滴沉积量的影响不显著,Z向风速的影响极显著;X向风速对有效喷幅区内雾滴沉积穿透性的影响不显著,Y和Z向风速的影响分别为显著和极显著;X和Y向风速对雾滴沉积飘移的影响均不显著,Z向风场的影响显著;且当水平方向上X、Y向风速峰值越小、垂直方向上Z向风速峰值越大时,雾滴沉积均匀性越好,最佳值达到36.44%。另外,有效喷幅区内雾滴沉积量与因素Z向风速之间的回归模型及有效喷幅区内雾滴沉积穿透性与因素Y和Z向风速之间的回归模型的决定系数R~2分别为0.868和0.842,表明模型可以为实际作业提供指导。 相似文献
17.
气流辅助防飘移流场三维数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用离散相模型、标准k-ε湍流模型与Couple算法,应用计算流体力学软件Ansys Fluent,对气流辅助喷雾流场进行了三维数值模拟.研究气流辅助的防飘移机理,分析不同条件气流辅助喷雾对雾滴飘移的影响.计算结果表明:气流辅助通过改变自然气流运动方向,胁迫雾滴运动,可以明显减少雾滴的飘移量;风量越大,产生的飘移越小;气流方向与垂直方向成30.时,产生的雾滴飘移率最小;喷头越接近辅助气流,产生的飘移越小.自然风速小于5m/s时,辅助气流能够有效地防止雾滴飘移;自然风速大于5m/s时,雾滴飘移率大于40％. 相似文献
18.
基于葡萄叶片宽大,存在叶幕穿透性差和液滴分布不均匀的问题,采用螺旋风喷雾施药,利用螺旋风的强扰动性和流体螺旋运动来提高叶幕穿透性和喷雾均匀性。利用Solidworks和Fluent搭建模型,优化风罩内部结构和流体分布,对比内挡板安装角为20°、30°、40°的工况,依据仿真结果进行室内喷雾试验,以有无螺旋风、喷头孔径、喷头压力为变量,以雾滴均匀度作为评价指标,对正交试验结果用Design Expert进行方差分析和响应曲面分析。仿真结果表明：内挡板安装角度为30°时,距出风口0.1 m处有螺旋风特征、风速24.8 m/s,试验结果表明：对雾滴均匀性的影响强弱依次为有无螺旋风、喷雾孔径、喷雾压力,有螺旋风辅助、喷头孔径为0.9~1.1 mm、压力为0.28~0.32 MPa时,雾滴均匀性扩散比最优。螺旋风罩内挡板安装角度为30°、有螺旋风、喷雾压力为0.3 MPa、喷雾孔径为1.0 mm时,扩散比为0.783 6,即雾滴均匀性最好。 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1999,72(3):217-229
Chemical products for crop protection are usually distributed on the field as liquids by field sprayers. Unwanted horizontal and vertical sprayer boom movements create local under- and over-applications of spray liquid. A non-linear finite element model of a tractor and a mounted sprayer is developed to simulate these unwanted boom vibrations during field operations. Representative disturbance signals at the hitch point of the boom suspension are calculated for a tractor with a mounted sprayer driving over a standardized bumpy track. These disturbances are applied as input excitations to simulate boom movements for several types of suspensions (pendulum, single and double trapezium). Validation experiments with a simple 12 m boom on a hydraulic test rig indicate that this non-linear finite element modelling technique is a promising method for simulating boom movements of field sprayers. Further simulation results show that the modelled suspensions approximately halve the vertical motion of the boom compared with a rigidly mounted boom. Standard deviations of the vertical boom tip movements around the equilibrium position are, respectively, 0·44, 0·25 and 0·27 m for a fixed boom, a boom with pendulum suspension and a boom with trapezium suspension. This proves the effectiveness of existing vertical boom suspensions. 相似文献