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本文从岗巴羊断奶羔羊育肥效果进行了分析研究,采用舍饲养殖方式进行羔羊短期育肥试验,观测其育肥期总增重、平均日增重,并分析育肥经济效益,结果表明:试验组羊活羊出售总价中除去羊只饲料成本20%,总药品成本为500元计算,育肥增加盈利10452元,平均体重增加8.17kg,对照组平均体重增加4.56kg,育肥后平均增重提高了44.19%,试验组育肥增重、饲料报酬、育肥经济效益均显著好于对照组(P<0.05);所以断奶羔羊舍饲育肥增重效果好,此时出栏后经济效益明显. 相似文献
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正确把握育肥杂种公牛品种,育肥月龄,出栏时间可以得到很好的育肥经漳效益和社会效益,[方法]选择健康无病,发育正常,膘情中等的西门塔尔×本地黄牛二代杂种公牛和荷斯坦×本地黄牛二代杂种公牛,从5月份开始统一进行科学饲养管理,测定其增重,饲料消耗及其6,8,10,12,18月龄体重变化,[结果]结果表明,正确把握育肥杂种公牛品种,育肥月龄,出栏时间可以得到很好的育肥经济效益和社会效益,反而牛随月龄的增长,生长速度下降,肌肉组织的生长速度逐渐变缓,日增重和饲料转化率降低,日增重成本上升,经济效益下降;因此根据当地的饲草料资源和实际生产状况.选择合理的杂交后代,适时育肥和出栏时间,以获得较好的增重和饲草料转化效果,提高育肥牛的经济效益和农牧民养牛的积极性。【结论】结果提示：试验A组牛平均日增重为1．18kg,每头牛平均获纯利245老,具有较理想的增重效果和经济效益;试验B组牛平均日增重为1,09kg,每头牛平均获纯刺185l元,A组具有较理想的增量效果和经济效益,说明,对西门塔尔肉牛品种牛杂交所产的二代杂种公牛进行短期育肥比荷斯坦奶牛品种牛杂交所产的二代杂种公牛效果和经济效益高,西门塔尔肉牛品种与本地牛杂交所产的二代杂种公牛进行短期育肥是本地可行的项目之一。 相似文献
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实验选取西门塔尔肉牛品种与本地杂交所生的二代杂种公牛进行育肥。这样的牛具有适应性强、增重快、肉质好、屠宰率高等特点,被选择的育肥年龄不宜过大,体重应在350-400kg为宜。采用异地育肥技术进行舍饲栓系短期育肥、实验其育肥性能和经济效益。结果,经过3个月短期育肥,实验牛平均日增重为1.6kg,每天牛平均获纯利1 137元,具有较理想的增重效果和经济效益,说明对西门塔尔肉牛品种与本地牛杂交所生的二代杂种公牛进行短期育肥是可行的。 相似文献
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实验选取西门塔尔肉牛品种与本地杂交所生的二代杂种公牛进行育肥。这样的牛具有适应性强、增重快、肉质好、屠宰率高等特点,被选择的育肥年龄不宜过大,体重应在350-400kg为宜。采用异地育肥技术进行舍饲栓系短期育肥、实验其育肥性能和经济效益。结果,经过3个月短期育肥,实验牛平均日增重为1.6kg,每天牛平均获纯利1 137元,具有较理想的增重效果和经济效益,说明对西门塔尔肉牛品种与本地牛杂交所生的二代杂种公牛进行短期育肥是可行的。 相似文献
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以天祝藏羊和甘肃高山细毛羊为试验对象,探讨高寒牧区羔羊的最优育肥模式。采用全舍饲方式进行羔羊短期育肥试验,观测其育肥期总增重、平均日增重,并分析育肥经济效益。结果表明:试验组藏羊与细毛羊的日增重都显著高于对照(P0.05);细毛羊增重显著高于藏羊(P0.05)。藏羊在饲喂量为0.25kg/d时,增重效果最优,经济收益达到38.7元/只;细毛羊在饲喂量为0.3kg/d时,增重效果最佳,经济收益达到180.6元/只。说明以甘肃高山细毛羊为育肥品种,以0.3kg/d的饲喂量是高寒牧区最优的育肥模式。 相似文献
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Brackelsberg, C.A., Nolan, L.K. and Brown, J., 1997. Characterization of Salmonella dublin and Salmonella typhimurium (Copenhagen) isolates from cattle. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (6), 409-420Eight Salmonella typhimurium (Copenhagen) and eight Salmonella dublin isolates from cattle were compared by their antibiotic resistance patterns, by their production of colicin, aerobactin, haemolysin and capsule, by their possession of transmissible R plasmids and the spvC gene, and by their ability to invade and replicate within cultured epithelial cells. The two groups differed in their antibiotic resistance profiles, with more of the host-adapted S. dublin isolates resistant to tetracycline than were the non-host-adapted S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) group, but more of the S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) isolates resistant to the other antibiotics tested. None of the isolates produced colicin, but all produced aerobactin. One isolate in each group was encapsulated. All of the S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) and S. dublin isolates contained plasmids, and all of them contained the spvC-homologous sequences. Four of the S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) isolates were able to transfer an R plasmid to a recipient organism by conjugation. One of the five S. dublin isolates, which showed resistance to some of the antibiotics tested, was able to transfer an R plasmid by conjugation. Both groups of isolates invaded cultured epithelial cells to a similar degree after 1 h, but the S. dublin isolates reached significantly higher levels within the cells than did S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) after 9 h. This ability may, in part, explain the association of S. dublin with more severe forms of salmonellosis and prolonged carrier states. Further study of the intracellular growth of these isolates seems warranted. 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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van der Vlugt-Meijer RH Meij BP van den Ingh TS Rijnberk A Voorhout G 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):773-780
Dynamic computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary gland was performed in 55 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) that underwent transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. On routine contrast-enhanced CT images, microadenomas of the pituitary gland often are indistinguishable from nontumorous pituitary tissue because of isoattenuation. Dynamic CT may allow visualization of these adenomas. The changes in the contrast-enhancement pattern of the pituitary during dynamic CT in 55 dogs with PDH were correlated with surgical and histopathologic findings. In 36 dogs, dynamic CT identified distinct contrast enhancement of the neurohypophysis (pituitary flush). In 24 dogs, this pituitary flush was displaced, which indicated the presence of an adenoma. This observation was confirmed surgically and histopathologically in 18 of the 24 dogs. In 19 dogs, there was a diffusely abnormal contrast-enhancement pattern. CT findings agreed with surgical findings in 13 of these dogs and with histopathologic findings in all 19 dogs. It is concluded that a dynamic series of scans should be included in the CT protocol of the pituitary gland in dogs with PDH because it allows for identification of an adenoma or a diffusely abnormal pituitary gland. 相似文献
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Mosaad Hilali 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1973,14(1):22
Norwegian sheep were investigated for globidial schizont infection in the abomasum. The frequency of infection was found to be 78.2 %. Light microscope studies of the various mature schizonts revealed the existence of four morphologically different merozoites, small A, small B, intermediate and long forms. Each globidial schizont was found to contain only one form of these merozoites. However, these four schizont types occurred in the same abomasum.The intermediate form of globidial schizont merozoites was investigated by the aid of an electron microscope, with the aim of comparing its internal morphology with that previously published for Eimeria species. A striking resemblance was observed between the fine structures of the intermediate merozoite and that of Eimeria species, particularly the first generation merozoites described in giant schizonts of Eimeria bovis.The present status of globidial schizonts infecting the abomasum of sheep was discussed. It was concluded that these four forms of merozoites could represent different generations of one Eimeria species or different E. species producing giant schizonts in the abomasum.Due to the practical difficulties in studying the life histories of the different Eimeria species infecting sheep, it was proposed that the in vitro propagation of the individual species in cultured cells may shed some light on the corresponding asexual, as well as the sexual, stages. This would offer a new approach to the study of the ultra-structure of the developing parasite. 相似文献
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Taleski V Zerva L Kantardjiev T Cvetnic Z Erski-Biljic M Nikolovski B Bosnjakovski J Katalinic-Jankovic V Panteliadou A Stojkoski S Kirandziski T 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,90(1-4):147-155
The objective of this paper is to give an overview of the epidemiologic and epizootic status of brucellosis in selected countries of Central and Southeast Europe (Balkan region). Based on dimension of the disease problem, there is a need to establish collaboration in the eradication and prevention of brucellosis between all countries in the region. Although there were no readily accessible data concerning epidemiology and epizootology of brucellosis in these countries, the limited official and published data were analyzed.
The incidence of brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis in sheep, goats and humans is a very significant problem in Macedonia and Greece. In Greece, cattle are also affected either by B. melitensis or B. abortus. The disease is an endemic problem in some regions of Yugoslavia and includes B. suis biovar 2 in pigs and in Croatia, B. melitensis in sheep, goats and human is found occasionally. No problem appears to exist with brucellosis in Bulgaria.
Financial well-supported brucellosis control programs of the European Union that will include all countries, regardless of the magnitude of brucellosis incidence, are needed for eradication and control of brucellosis. 相似文献
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针对亚热带地区暖季型草坪夏季易受丝茅入侵影响的问题,通过设置4个修剪频次(0~3次·月-1),对取代试验设计形成的5个丝茅侵入量(10%、20%、30%、40%、50%)的细叶结缕草草坪,进行留茬高度7 cm,连续3个月修剪处理后,测定丝茅和结缕草地下和地上相对产量、相对产量和、攻击力、竞争平衡指数等竞争参数,分析丝茅和结缕草的株高、分蘖数、叶数、生物量和根茎比等生长参数,以密度、质地、叶色、均一性、草层高度和生物量等指标对草坪质量进行综合评定,研究修剪频次对不同丝茅侵入量下结缕草竞争力、单株生长及草坪质量的影响。结果表明:1)修剪频次对丝茅和结缕草的地上和地下竞争参数产生显著影响(P<0.05),修剪增加了两种植物地上部分的拮抗作用,2~3次·月-1修剪则降低了地下部分的拮抗作用。2)结缕草地上部分受修剪频次和丝茅比例的影响大于地下部分,1次·月-1修剪可提高结缕草地上竞争力,2次·月-1修剪可提高其地下竞争力,修剪频次和侵入量协同作用增加了丝茅对结缕草的根系攻击力。3)修剪频次和侵入量对丝茅和结缕草的后续生长产生显著影响(P<0.05),1~2次·月-1修剪增加了两种植物的分蘖数和叶片数,2次·月-1修剪下结缕草的分蘖数和叶片数增加约40%,丝茅比例≥10%下结缕草生物量降低,≥20%下结缕草分蘖减少,≥30%下结缕草株高增加而叶数减少,修剪频次是影响结缕草株高、分蘖数、叶片数和根茎比的主要因子,丝茅侵入量主要影响结缕草的单株生物量。4)修剪频次主要影响草坪的密度、高度和生物量,丝茅比例主要影响草坪的质地、叶色和均一性(P<0.05),≤10%丝茅比例和2次·月-1修剪下草坪综合质量高于其他处理,草坪质量主要受修剪频次影响,丝茅比例影响次之。5)1~2次·月-1修剪可显著提高受丝茅入侵的细叶结缕草的地上或地下竞争力,促进结缕草分蘖形成,降低草坪高度,提升草坪密度和质地,但修剪无法改变结缕草相对丝茅地上、地下竞争力弱的特点,故控制丝茅侵入量≤10%和2次·月-1修剪是夏季结缕草草坪养护的基本要求。 相似文献
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Moxidectin has broad‐spectrum anti‐nematodal and anti‐arthropodal activities in the horse but is not effective against tapeworms or flukes. Moxidectin and ivermectin have the same efficacy against internal, adult parasites of horses. Moxidectin, however, is highly effective in eliminating encysted and hypobiotic larval stages of cyathostomins, whereas ivermectin is not. Treatment of horses with moxidectin results in an egg‐reappearance period (ERP) of 15–24 weeks. Because of its long ERP, moxidectin is labelled to be used at 12 week intervals. Moxidectin may provide protection against infection by ingested cyathostomin larvae for 2–3 weeks after it is administered. The larvicidal activity of moxidectin has often been compared to that of fenbendazole administered at either 7.5 or 10 mg/kg bwt for 5 consecutive days. The efficacy of fenbendazole, when administered daily for 5 consecutive days at 7.5 or 10 mg/kg bwt, against all stages of cyathostomins is often less than that of moxidectin because resistance of cyathostomins to benzimidazoles is prevalent worldwide, and the 5 day course of fenbendazole does not overcome this resistance. There are now reports of resistance of ascarids to moxidectin. Overt resistance of cyathostomins and a shortened egg re‐emergence period after treatment with moxidectin have been reported. Rapid removal of manure by natural fauna can significantly reduce larval nematode concentrations and thereby reduce intervals of anthelmintic treatment. Of the macrocyclic lactones, moxidectin has the least deleterious effect on faecal fauna. 相似文献
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In a seroepidemiological survey using an indirect haemagglutination assay, the prevalence rate of toxoplasmosis in central Ethiopia was 22.9% of 899 sheep, 11.6% of 753 goats and 6.6% of 785 cattle. There were high titres of 1:256 or more which suggest current infections. These results indicate that toxoplasmosis may be an important cause of reproductive wastage in small ruminants. The public health significance of this disease is discussed. Improved hygiene and management could reduce the prevalence of the disease. 相似文献
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针对亚热带地区伏旱频发条件下,丝茅入侵细叶结缕草草坪引起功能退化的问题,通过设置4个干旱梯度(水分充足、轻度、中度和重度干旱),采用取代试验设计了5个不同比例的丝茅入侵细叶结缕草草坪试验,进行60 d干旱处理后,测定丝茅和结缕草地下和地上相对产量、相对产量总和、攻击力、竞争平衡指数等竞争指标,分析两种植物的株高、分蘖数、叶片数、生物量和根冠比等生长指标,比较超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)等生理指标,研究干旱对两种植物之间的竞争、生长及抗性系统的影响。结果表明:1)干旱程度和丝茅入侵比例对两种植物的地上和地下竞争指标产生显著影响(P<0.05),轻度干旱且丝茅入侵比例≤30%时,结缕草地下攻击力指数和地下竞争平衡指数为正值,中度和重度干旱使结缕草种间竞争力丧失,当丝茅入侵比例≥20%时,拮抗作用使结缕草易被排挤出群落。2)干旱主要影响结缕草地下竞争力,丝茅入侵主要影响结缕草地上竞争力,干旱和丝茅入侵协同作用对结缕草地下攻击力和地下平衡指数影响大于地上部分,随干旱程度和丝茅入侵比例增加结缕草地上和地下竞争力降为负值。3)轻度干旱利于两种植物生长,中度和重度干旱降低了结缕草的株高、分蘖数、叶片数和单株生物量,对丝茅影响较少;>10%丝茅入侵比例限制了结缕草分蘖数和叶片数,>20%则降低了结缕草单株生物量和根冠比,干旱和丝茅入侵协同作用抑制了结缕草生长与再生能力。4)结缕草SOD、POD和CAT含量随干旱程度增加而显著增加(P<0.05),轻度干旱对丝茅SOD无影响而降低了CAT活性(P<0.05);>10%丝茅入侵比例增加了结缕草SOD活性,>20%增加了CAT活性,>30%增加了POD活性(P<0.05)。干旱对结缕草影响为CAT>SOD>POD,对丝茅为SOD>POD>CAT,丝茅入侵比例对两种植物影响均为SOD>CAT>POD,干旱对结缕草抗氧化酶系统影响大于丝茅入侵。5)轻度干旱增加了结缕草SS和SP的含量(P<0.05),增加了丝茅SP的含量,中、重度干旱使两种植物的SS、SP、Pro和MDA含量增加(P<0.05);>10%丝茅入侵比例增加了结缕草SS、SP和MDA的含量(P<0.05),>20%时增加了Pro的含量(P<0.05),干旱程度和丝茅入侵比例协同作用加剧了两种植物的受伤程度,对生境胁迫时结缕草反映为SS>Pro>SP>MDA,丝茅反映为MDA>Pro>SS>SP。故夏季避免重度干旱和控制丝茅侵入比例≤10%是维持结缕草草坪健康的基本养护要求。 相似文献