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1.
基于HJ-1A/1B影像的冬小麦开花期主要生长指标遥感定量监测研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为建立冬小麦开花期生长状况的遥感监测方法和技术,结合2011-2013年定点观测试验,以环境减灾卫星HJ-1A/1B数据为遥感影像源,着重分析了样本试验区冬小麦开花期主要生长指标间及其与籽粒品质、产量和卫星遥感变量间的定量关系,分别构建及评价基于HJ-1A/1B影像遥感变量的开花期叶面积指数、生物量、SPAD值和叶片含氮量监测模型。结果表明,在冬小麦开花期,作物氮反应指数(NRI)、绿色归一化植被指数(GNDVI)可分别作为监测冬小麦叶面积指数和生物量的敏感遥感变量,结构加强色素植被指数(SIPI)和SIPI可作为监测冬小麦SPAD值和叶片含氮量的敏感遥感变量,所构建的遥感监测模型可靠,模型的决定系数(r2)分别为0.73、0.69、0.62和0.61,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.79、1 068kg·hm-2、4.66和0.42%。利用遥感数据绘制的冬小麦开花期主要生长指标遥感监测等级分布空间量化表达图与实际相符。 相似文献
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为进一步深化作物长势遥感监测机理与方法,给大田管理及时提供信息与技术,结合2011-2013年定点观测试验,以HJ-1A/1B数据为遥感影像源,研究了返青期冬小麦主要生长指标、籽粒品质参数和产量间及其与遥感变量间的定量关系,分别构建及评价基于HJ-1A/1B影像遥感变量的返青期叶面积指数、生物量、SPAD值和叶片含氮量监测模型。结果表明,返青期,归一化植被指数（NDVI）、比值植被指数（RVI）、蓝光波段反射率（B1）和RVI可分别作为监测冬小麦叶面积指数、生物量、SPAD和叶片含氮量的敏感遥感变量,所构建的遥感监测模型可靠且精度较高,模型的决定系数（R2）分别为0.62、0.56、0.46和0.58,均方根误差（RMSE）分别为0.42、452.3 kg·hm-2、4.39和0.54%。同时,对冬小麦不同等级主要生长指标进行遥感监测并制图,量化表达了主要生长指标区域空间分布。 相似文献
3.
关中冬小麦叶片氮素含量高光谱遥感监测模型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为给黄土高原大范围的冬小麦氮素营养遥感监测提供理论依据,通过田间试验,研究了冬小麦叶片氮素含量遥感监测的最佳生育时期、最敏感波段及其他最优光谱参量。结果表明,灌浆期是利用高光谱遥感监测冬小麦叶片氮素营养状况的最佳生育时期;在拔节、抽穗和灌浆期680nm波段光谱反射率R680均能较好地反映冬小麦叶片氮素含量,基于光谱位置以及叶面积指数的光谱参量也能较好地反映冬小麦叶片氮素含量。拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期分别以680nm波段光谱反射率R680、绿峰反射率Rg和植被指数(SDr-SDb)/(SDr+SDb)对小麦叶片氮素含量的拟合效果最佳,其回归方程分别为Y=27.54-280.247 X+1456.245 X2、Y=8.632 X-0.24和Y=25.83 X1.012。 相似文献
4.
基于不同玉米品种叶片高光谱的SPAD值估测模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过研究不同玉米品种叶片SPAD值与高光谱参数的关系,建立玉米叶片SPAD值估测模型,并对模型进行品种间精度检验。通过两年试验,测定不同玉米品种的叶片SPAD值及其高光谱数据,综合分析叶片SPAD值与高光谱反射率、反射率一阶导数及其光谱参数的相关关系,对玉米叶片SPAD值估测模型进行构建。玉米叶片SPAD值与高光谱反射率最敏感波段在550和710 nm附近,反射率一阶导数最敏感波段出现在500~750 nm范围内。叶片SPAD值与单波段反射率的相关性要高于其一阶导数,以550 nm附近光谱反射率构建的模型对大多数品种的叶片SPAD预测值平均误差最小。 相似文献
5.
为探讨利用近地高光谱和TM遥感影像数据评估作物冠层水分状况的可行性,以北京顺义通州为研究区域,以冬小麦为研究对象,首先基于Landsat TM5的光谱响应函数,利用地面实测的冬小麦全生育期冠层高光谱窄波段反射率数据来模拟TM5卫星宽波段反射率,然后利用模拟的TM5数据的NIR波段(第4波段)和2个SWIR波段(第5和7波段)反射率分别构建水分指数(WI)和归一化差异水分指数(NDWI),并利用地面实测数据建立冠层叶片含水量(LWC)和等效水厚度(EWT)的遥感估算模型,最后选取最优的水分估算模型,利用TM5卫星遥感影像数据对研究区域小麦冠层水分含量进行反演与应用。结果表明,利用TM5数据中SWIR第5波段比第7波段构建的水分指数更有优势;WI对估算LWC的效果较好,而NDWI在EWT估算方面效果较好,应用TM5宽波段模拟数据模型验证的冬小麦冠层含水量的r2和RMSE分别为0.57和0.51、3.89%和0.024。同时从TM遥感影像的反演结果来看,开花期的冬小麦冠层水分高于拔节期。 相似文献
6.
SPOT-5与HJ遥感影像用于冬小麦氮素监测的效果对比 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨HJ遥感影像对冬小麦氮素监测的适用性,利用同期获取的SPOT-5和HJ-1B遥感影像,结合同步地面取样测试,从传感器的光谱响应、监测模型精度以及叶片氮含量空间填图3个方面,对冬小麦氮素的遥感影像监测效果进行了分析与评价.结果表明,两类遥感影像的3个波段反射率及植被指数与小麦叶片氮含量均密切相关,其中,SPOT-5影像的最优模型植被指数为GNDVI(绿色归一化植被指数),HJ-1B影像的最优模型植被指数为NDVI(归一化植被指数),SPOT-5影像在监测精度上优于HJ-1B影像,但差别不大.填图结果表明,除地块较破碎地带外,利用HJ-1B影像反演填图所得的小麦叶片氮含量在空间分布上与SPOT-5影像结果比较一致.说明利用SPOT-5与HJ遥感影像监测小麦氮素营养状况都是可行的,而HJ遥感影像在一定精度要求范围内能够替代SPOT-5等遥感影像的监测效果. 相似文献
7.
探讨遥感植被指数随作物生育进程的变化规律,对于作物面积信息提取、遥感估产时相选择以及作物长势监测等具有重要意义。Sentinel-2卫星数据具高时空分辨率以及其特有的红边参数波段,可为作物生育期监测提供理想数据源。本研究获取了研究区棉花实测冠层光谱以及连续2年Sentinel-2卫星数据,通过对比Sentinel-2卫星多光谱反射率与实测冠层光谱反射率差异,以及单波段反射率和3类植被指数随棉花生育进程的变化规律, 初步分析Sentinel-2卫星多光谱数据用于棉花生育期监测的特点。结果表明,Sentinel-2卫星多光谱反射率与实测冠层光谱反射率变化趋势一致, 在可见光波段吻合较好,在近红外波段Sentinel-2卫星光谱反射率略高于冠层; 基于Sentinel-2卫星的红边参数波段反射率,随棉花生育进程呈现从苗期到开花盛期逐渐增大而后逐渐减小的变化规律;增强植被指数EVI（Enhanced vegetation index）、归一化植被指数NDVI（Normalized difference vegetation index）以及土壤调节植被指数SAVI（Soil adjusted vegetation index）的归一化值具有相似的变化趋势,其中基于实测冠层光谱和Sentinel-2卫星光谱的EVI指数归一化值变化最为一致和稳定,具体表现为在6月中下旬（棉花从现蕾期向开花期过渡的阶段）,从负值逐渐增大至正值,直到开花盛期（7月20日左右）达到最大正值,而后进入吐絮初期开始减小,至吐絮后期变为负值。 相似文献
8.
模拟多光谱卫星传感器数据的冬小麦白粉病遥感监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解利用遥感技术快速大范围监测小麦白粉病病害情况的可行性,以Landsat5TM波段响应函数为基础,将地面实测冠层高光谱数据模拟为TM多光谱数据,从而分析卫星传感器多光谱波段对病害的响应情况,并构建多光谱指数(PMSI)估测白粉病严重度。在此基础上,采用2010年星-地配套数据对PMSI估测精度进行验证。结果表明,PMSI能够较准确地反映冬小麦白粉病发生的程度,获得较理想的病情严重度反演精度(r2=0.475,RMSE=0.129)。因此采用多光谱卫星遥感影像在小麦大面积种植区域进行病害监测具有应用潜力。 相似文献
9.
为了比较不同机器学习算法在干旱半干旱区春小麦叶片水分含量(leaf water content, LWC)遥感监测中的应用效果及筛选最佳波段组合,在田间尺度上,以春小麦冠层高光谱数据为基础,采用两波段组合形式,计算15种光谱参数(比值植被指数RVI、归一化植被指数NDVI、差值植被指数DVI和12种水分植被指数),通过对抽穗期叶片含水量与光谱参数拟合效果进行对比与分析,分别构建了基于机器学习[人工神经网络(artificial neuralnetwork, ANN)、K近邻(K-nearestneighbors, KNN)和支持向量回归(support vector regression, SVR)]和光谱参数的春小麦LWC反演模型,并对模型精度进行验证,以确定有效波段组合。结果表明,小麦抽穗期LWC与冠层高光谱反射率(R784～950)、12种水分植被指数均显著相关(P<0.01);波段组合形式有效地优化了两波段指数的波段组合,在800～1 000 nm区间光谱参数(RVI1046,1057、NDVI1272,1279 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献