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改进压痕加载曲线法测定小麦籽粒各组分硬度及其仿真验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为检验谷物籽粒压痕加载曲线法优化改进后对单个谷物籽粒硬度的测定效果,应用改进的压痕加载曲线法对小麦品种西旱2号籽粒各组分(胚、胚乳、麦皮)的硬度进行测定和分析。结果表明,含水率为15.6%的小麦籽粒各组分中麦皮硬度最大,硬度值为38.52~42.48 MPa,胚乳硬度次之(21.94~22.76MPa),胚的硬度最小(10.64~11.96 MPa)。运用有限元法建立小麦籽粒各组分的力学模型,证实改进压痕加载曲线硬度检测方法对小麦籽粒各组分硬度值的测定具有可行性,准确性较高。 相似文献
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为明确外源染色体或片段对小麦籽粒灌浆和产量性状的影响,以普通小麦宁春4号和黑麦草远缘杂交后代为材料,借助分子细胞学手段鉴定其BC1代染色体组成,并对其BC1F3代籽粒灌浆和产量性状进行了分析。结果表明,ND99株系出现两个顶端小片段易位类型的GISH杂交信号,为真杂种;ND99的BC1F3后代中分离出有芒(ND99A)和无芒(ND99B)两种类型,并且同一个分子标记3EST-185能够追踪这两种类型。宁春4号和易位系后代(ND99A、ND99B)籽粒的体积、鲜重、干重、水分均表现为先增后降的变化趋势;宁春4号和ND99A的灌浆速率呈双峰曲线变化,而ND99B呈多峰曲线变化。宁春4号的灌浆时间早,快速增长期长,籽粒饱满指数和粒重最大;ND99A灌浆迟,持续期短,籽粒饱满指数最低,粒重仅次于宁春4号;ND99B灌浆的峰值出现较早、较大,灌浆持续期短,籽粒饱满指数居中,粒重最低。易位系后代的穗长、穗粒数和结实小穗数明显高于宁春4号,可能是影响其灌浆的关键因素之一。 相似文献
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小麦单籽粒性状与品质的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前测定小麦单籽粒品质的方法有单籽粒谷物品质测定法和谷蛋白溶涨指数法(SIG)。为了揭示单籽粒品质检测的作用,选用16个小麦品种(系)进行单籽粒性状的研究,结果表明,品种内单籽粒硬度、籽粒直径、单籽粒重量及SIG的变异较大,水分含量变异不大。单籽粒品质指标硬度、粒重、粒径及SIG与磨粉品质、面团流变学特性、蛋白质品质、籽粒品质部分指标呈显著或极显著相关,这些指标对于预测磨粉品质、早代株系品质筛选及食品品质具有快速、方法简单及预测能力强的优点。将单籽粒谷物品质测定参数及SIG相结合,可以有效地进行小麦育种后代筛选及品质预测。 相似文献
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为给小麦高产优质栽培中氮素的合理运筹提供依据,在大田高产栽培条件下,以大穗型小麦品种兰考矮早八为试验材料,研究了返青、拔节、抽德三个关键时期追氮对其籽粒灌浆特征和淀粉糊化特性的影响.结果表明,不同时期追氮处理小麦籽粒灌浆进程均呈"慢-快-慢"的"S"型变化曲线,Logistic方程决定系数均在0.99以上,达到极显著水平,拟合效果良好.籽粒干物重随灌浆进程的推进呈逐渐增加趋势,籽粒灌浆速率与粒重呈显著正相关,而灌浆持续时间与粒重形成无显著相关,表明提高籽粒灌浆速率对增加该品种粒重尤为重要.不同时期追氮对兰考矮早八籽粒灌浆及淀粉特性的效应不同,以抽穗期追氮籽粒干物质积累量和灌浆速率最大.随施氮时期的后移,籽粒直链淀粉含量下降,而支链淀粉、总淀粉含量及淀粉糊化特性则以拔节期追氮处理最高(优). 相似文献
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山西小麦品种籽粒硬度与主要品质性状研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确山西省近十年育成小麦新品种的籽粒硬度和品质状况,利用单籽粒谷物特性测定仪(SKCS)、DA7200多功能近红外分析仪,对来自山西省近十年审定的56个小麦新品种的籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、出粉率等指标进行了检测和分析。结果发现,山西省近十年审定的小麦品种中,硬质麦比例较高,为78%,混合型麦和软质麦比例较低,分别为12%和8%;硬度指数范围较宽,为16.33～78.93。经相关分析,小麦籽粒硬度指数与被测品质性状均呈正相关关系,其中,与出粉率、吸水率、最大拉伸阻力均呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。硬质麦的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、出粉率、沉降值等品质参数均显著高于混合型麦和软质麦。混合型麦的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、出粉率、沉降值等品质参数略高于软质麦。 相似文献
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以春小麦两个品种内麦19和永良4为试材，在不同密度、施肥量处理下对春小麦群体库均形成与特性以及在产量形成中的作用进行了系统研究。结果表明，春小麦籽粒体积(库容量)随生育进程呈单峰曲线变化，籽粒干物重的增长(库的充实)随生育进程呈S型曲线变化；每穗结实粒数(库)与开花期群体干物质源的供应呈显著正相关。籽粒体积与灌浆速率及粒重呈极显著正相关，由此说明扩大库容(籽粒体积)，可以促进源的生产、运转与积累，提高籽粒重量。 相似文献
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9个品种(系)冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以9个冬小麦品种(系)为材料,用Logistic方程拟合籽粒质量增加过程,并推导出次级参数,同时对千粒质量与不同参数进行相关性分析。结果表明:小麦籽粒质量增加过程呈"S"型曲线,籽粒灌浆期可分为渐增期、快增期、缓增期3个阶段。相关分析表明:平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率与千粒质量呈极显著正相关(P0.01);快增期灌浆速率与平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率呈极显著正相关(P0.01);快增期灌浆速率对籽粒质量的作用显著。通过科学合理的栽培措施可以使千粒质量接近或达到最大值。 相似文献
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Nadine Brisson Philippe Gate David Gouache Gilles Charmet François-Xavier Oury Frédéric Huard 《Field Crops Research》2010
The last two decades are witnessing a decline in the growth trend of cereal yields in many European countries. The present study analyses yield trends in France using various sources of data: national and regional statistics, scattered trials, results of agroclimatic models using climatic data. Effects in genetic changes through breeding, agronomy and climate are investigated as possible causes. Our results show that genetic progress has not declined but it was partly counteracted, from 1990 on, by climate change which in general is unfavorable to cereal yields in temperate climates because of heat stress during grain filling and drought during stem elongation. We cannot however, from the decade beginning in 2000, rule out agronomic causes, related to policy and economy, in particular the decline of legumes in the cereal rotations, replaced by oilseed rape and to a lesser extent the decrease in nitrogen fertilization. 相似文献
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不同类型小黑麦饲草产量和品质特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在江苏生态条件下研究不同类型(饲草型、粮饲兼用型和粮用型)小黑麦品种饲草产量和品质特性,结果表明:①不同类型小黑麦随生育进程推移,植株鲜草产量和干草产量逐步上升,鲜草产量多数品种在开花达最大值,少数品种在孕穗期或籽粒形成期达最大值,干重产量至灌浆期或成熟期达最大值,品种间和类型间存在差异。②小黑麦冬前或籽粒形成期割青,鲜草产量显著高于大麦,在拔节期至开花期收割,产量相差较小。③不同类型小黑麦植株蛋白质含量开花之前呈下降趋势变化,积累量呈"S"型曲线变化,整个生育期植株蛋白质含量高于对照大麦品种,粮饲兼用型品种各生育期蛋白质积累量均高于对照。植株中性洗涤纤维含量随生育期推移呈先上升再下降或一直上升的变化趋势,积累量亦呈"S"型曲线关系。植株可溶性总糖含量随生育进程呈一直下降的变化趋势。④综合产量和品质表现,不同类型小黑麦饲用的价值存在差异,粮饲兼用型品种中饲237可于拔节期至孕穗期割青作青或干饲料;饲草型品种OH1881在越冬期、开花期收割作青或干饲料。 相似文献
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Shahryari R Gurbanov E Gadimov A Hassanpanah D 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(10):1330-1335
The present research characterized yield and yield components of 42 wheat genotypes after terminal drought stress. The experiment was in twice replicated simple rectangular lattice design, conducted at irrigated and terminal stress conditions during 2006-2007. These study genotypes had significant differences for grain yield at level of 1%. Genotypes 4057, Viking/5/Gds/4.., Sabalan and 5041 respectively with 6.313, 6.159, 5.793 and 5.774 t ha(-1) had the highest yield and Gascogen has the lowest yield with 2.561 t ha(-1). Mean of total grain yield for under study genotypes was 5.628 t ha(-1) in non-stress and 3.305 t ha(-1) in drought stress conditions. Drought stress decreased amount of grain yield 2.323 t ha(-1) that was noticeable. Interaction of Genotype x environmental conditions was significant at probability level of 1% for grain yield. Yield of all genotypes in drought condition was lower than non-stress condition. Genotypes Viking/5/Gds/4/Anza/3/Pi.., Sabalan, 4061,4057 and 4041 had more yield in non-stress condition and MV17/Zrn, Sabalan, Saysonz and 4032 in stress condition. Stress intensity pay attention to total grain yield was 42%. Genotypes Viking/5/Gds/4/.. and Sabalan had high grain yield and was better than other genotypes and controls (Toos and Crosse Shahi), according to GMP, STI and MSTI. And had the most amount of stress tolerance index as compared with other genotypes confirms this subject. Correlation of yield with other traits was not significant in non-stress condition. In drought condition, correlation of grain yield with 1000 grain weight and total number of tillers per plant was positively significant. ANOVA showed significant differences between osmotic pressures for coleoptile length, between genotypes for mean and maximum coleoptile length and between interactions of genotypes x osmotic pressures for mean and maximum coleoptile length. Mean comparisons showed the highest total, mean and maximum coleoptile length in -7 bar PEG+I ml L(-1) potassium humate treatments. Genotypes Sardari and Sabalan had the highest amounts of total, mean and maximum coleoptile length. With due attention to interaction genotype x osmotic pressures, genotypes Sardari, Sabalan and 4057 in -7 bar PEG+1 ml L(-1) potassium humate had the most amounts of noted characters than others. In conditions of this experiment, potassium humate caused increase in tolerance rate of genotypes against drought stress. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2014,59(3):414-419
The identification of “stay-green” in sorghum and its positive correlation with yield increases has encouraged attempts to incorporate “stay-green”-like traits into the genomes of other commercially important cereal crops. However, knowledge on the effects of “stay-green” expression on grain quality under extreme physiological stress is limited. This study examines impacts of “stay-green”-like expression on starch biosynthesis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain under mild, severe, and acute water stress conditions induced at anthesis. The proportions of long amylopectin branches and amylose branches in the grain of Flagship (a cultivar without “stay-green”-like characteristics) were higher at low water stress, suggesting that water stress affects starch biosynthesis in grain, probably due to early termination of grain fill. The changes in long branches can affect starch properties, such as the rates of enzymatic degradation, and hence its nutritional value. By contrast, grain from the “stay-green”-like cultivar (ND24260) did not show variation in starch molecular structure under the different water stress levels. The results indicate that the cultivar with “stay-green”-like traits has a greater potential to maintain starch biosynthesis and quality in grain during drought conditions, making the “stay-green”-like traits potentially useful in ensuring food security. 相似文献
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Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a genetically diverse cereal crop grown in many semiarid regions of the world. Improving drought tolerance in sorghum is of prime importance. An association panel of about 300 sorghum genotypes from different races, representative of sorghum globally, was assembled for genetic studies. The objectives of this research were to (i) quantify the performance of the association panel under field conditions in Kansas, (ii) characterize the association panel for phenological, physiological and yield traits that might be associated with tolerance to limited moisture (drought), and (iii) identify genotypes with higher yield potential and stability under different environments that may be used in the sorghum breeding program. Results show large diversity for physiological and yield traits such as chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, grain numbers and grain weight per panicle, harvest index and yield. Significant differences were found for plant height, grain weight and numbers per panicle, harvest index, and grain yield among and within races. The US elite lines had the highest number of grains and grain weight per panicle while the guinea and bicolor races recorded the lowest. Harvest index and yield was highest for the US elite lines and the caudatum genotypes. Overall, there was a negative correlation between plant height and grain weight, grain numbers and yield. Harvest index and grain numbers were negatively affected by moisture limitation for all the races. Among the races, the caudatum genotypes were more stable in grain yield across the different environments. Overall, there was a wide variability within the association panel for physiological and yield traits that may prove to be useful for improving drought tolerance in sorghum. 相似文献
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Peter W. Gous Jovin Hasjim Jerome Franckowiak Glen P. Fox Robert G. Gilbert 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013
The identification of “stay-green” in sorghum and its positive correlation with yield increases has encouraged attempts to incorporate “stay-green”-like traits into the genomes of other commercially important cereal crops. However, knowledge on the effects of “stay-green” expression on grain quality under extreme physiological stress is limited. This study examines impacts of “stay-green”-like expression on starch biosynthesis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain under mild, severe, and acute water stress conditions induced at anthesis. The proportions of long amylopectin branches and amylose branches in the grain of Flagship (a cultivar without “stay-green”-like characteristics) were higher at low water stress, suggesting that water stress affects starch biosynthesis in grain, probably due to early termination of grain fill. The changes in long branches can affect starch properties, such as the rates of enzymatic degradation, and hence its nutritional value. By contrast, grain from the “stay-green”-like cultivar (ND24260) did not show variation in starch molecular structure under the different water stress levels. The results indicate that the cultivar with “stay-green”-like traits has a greater potential to maintain starch biosynthesis and quality in grain during drought conditions, making the “stay-green”-like traits potentially useful in ensuring food security. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2014,59(3):245-256
Increasing cereal yield is needed to meet the projected increased demand for world food supply of about 70% by 2050. Sirius, a process-based model for wheat, was used to estimate yield potential for wheat ideotypes optimized for future climatic projections for ten wheat growing areas of Europe. It was predicted that the detrimental effect of drought stress on yield would be decreased due to enhanced tailoring of phenology to future weather patterns, and due to genetic improvements in the response of photosynthesis and green leaf duration to water shortage. Yield advances could be made through extending maturation and thereby improve resource capture and partitioning. However the model predicted an increase in frequency of heat stress at meiosis and anthesis. Controlled environment experiments quantify the effects of heat and drought at booting and flowering on grain numbers and potential grain size. A current adaptation of wheat to areas of Europe with hotter and drier summers is a quicker maturation which helps to escape from excessive stress, but results in lower yields. To increase yield potential and to respond to climate change, increased tolerance to heat and drought stress should remain priorities for the genetic improvement of wheat. 相似文献