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低温及L—精氨酸对肉用鸡腹水综合征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用高能日粮饲养400只1日龄AA肉用鸡，14日龄时保优淘弱，随机分为3组，其中100只为常温（20℃）对照组；150只为低温（11℃）试验组；100只为低温（11℃）及日粮添加10g/kgL-精氨酸试验组，用单因子低温诱发肉用鸡腹水综合征，并不于同时间用红细胞压积、腹水心脏指数和腹水阳性率作为常规指标来判定肉用鸡腹水综合征，结果表明，低温组复制出肉鸡腹水综合征动模型，其发病率为9．33％，对照组为3．00％，与低温组比较差异极显著（P＜0．01）；L－精氨酸组腹水综合征发病率为3．00％。与低温组比较差异极显著（P＜0．01）。 相似文献
3.
探讨组胺H,受体拮抗剂扑尔敏和H。受体拮抗剂西咪替丁对低温诱发肺动脉高压肉鸡右心功能的影响,由此反证内源性组胺在低温诱发肉鸡肺动脉高压形成过程中的作用。采用160只17日龄AA肉鸡随机分为4组,每组40只。（1）常温组：在常温条件下饲养（22～23℃）,每天注射生理盐水2次;（2）低温组：低温环境中饲养（9～11℃）,每天注射生理盐水2次;（3）扑尔敏组：与低温组相同饲养,每天注射扑尔敏2次;（4）西眯替丁组：与低温组相同饲养,每天注射西眯替丁2次。分别于低温处理后1周（24日龄）、2周（31日龄）、3周（38日龄）、4周（45日龄）从每组中各随机抽取7只,利用右心导管法测定右心室内压和右心室压最大变化速率,计算腹水心脏指数（AHI）和右心衰竭率。剖杀后用常规阿尔新蓝法对心脏中肥大细胞（MC）染色,免疫组化方法显示组胺。结果：（1）低温处理后使肉鸡肥大细胞和组胺阳性细胞数量显著降低,但2种组胺受体拮抗剂对肥大细胞数量及组胺阳性细胞数无明显影响;（2）扑尔敏组肉鸡右心内压相对稳定,45日龄时右心室舒张压显著低于低温组（P〈0．05）。西咪替丁组肉鸡右心收缩压和舒张压处于较低水平,且在31和38日龄时显著低于低温组（P〈0．05）;（3）扑尔敏组右心内压最大变化速率相对稳定,31日龄时显著低于低温组（P〈0．05）,而45日龄时显著高于低温组（P〈0．05）。西咪替丁组右心内压最大变化速率处于较低水平;（4）45日龄时,扑尔敏组AHI显著低于低温组（P〈0．05）;（5）扑尔敏组显著（P〈0．05）降低了右心肥大指数和右心衰竭发生率,西咪替丁组仅显著（P〈0．05）降低了右心衰竭率。以上结果表明,内源性组胺可能通过H3受体介导肉鸡右心肥大和衰竭,从而促进肺动脉高压综合征的发生发展。 相似文献
4.
右心功能在肉鸡腹水综合征发病过程中的动态变化 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
20 0只艾维茵商品代肉鸡常规育雏 ,15日龄时随机分为两组 ,10 0只在常规温度下饲养 ( 2 2～ 2 3℃ ) ,为常温组 ;10 0只在低温环境中饲养 ( 9～ 11℃ ) ,为低温组。分别于处理后 0、7、14、2 1d每组随机抽取 10只 ,利用右心导管法测定右心室内压最大变化速率 (±dp/dtmax) (RV) ,并测定腹水心脏指数 (AHI) ,统计至 50日龄出栏时各组腹水发生率。结果为 :( 1)低温处理 1周后 ( 2 2日龄 ) |±dp/dtmax|显著高于 15日龄 (P <0 0 5) ,处理 2周后 ( 2 9日龄 )降至 15日龄水平 ,处理 3周后 ( 36日龄 ) |±dp/dtmax|极显著降低 (P <0 0 1) ,腹水鸡 |±dp/dtmax|较 15日龄极显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ;常温组 |±dp/dtmax|亦有相近变化趋势。 ( 2 ) 2 9日龄之前AHI变化不显著 ,2 9日龄之后AHI较 15日龄极显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,36日龄AHI进一步增加 ,发生腹水鸡AHI达 39 97%± 6 3% ,显著高于15日龄 (P <0 0 1)。常温组AHI变化幅度比低温组小。 ( 3)低温组腹水发生率显著高于常温组 (P<0 .0 5)。结果表明 :反映右心室舒缩功能的±dp/dtmax(RV)出现先升后降变化 ,反映右心肥大程度的AHI逐渐增加 ,证明在肉鸡腹水综合征发生发展过程中右心的功能和结构出现代偿、失代偿直至右心衰竭的动态变化过程。 相似文献
5.
为研究麒麟鸡（卷羽鸡）的肉用开发价值。本试验分别测定并比较了在常温（26±2．0℃）和高温（33±2．0℃）环境饲养12周龄的麒麟鸡屠宰性能及肉品质特性。结果表明：①屠宰性能：在常温和高温环境饲养12周龄的麒麟鸡（公母平均）体重分别达到1581．16g和1540．74g,差异不显著（P〉0．05）;麒麟鸡在高温处理后,其全净膛重显著低于常温组（P〈0．05）;高温处理下的麒麟鸡的腹脂重、腹脂率和肌间脂肪宽显著高于常温组（P〈0．05）;其余各指标差异不显著（P〉0．05）;②肉品质：在腿肌方面,12周龄的高温组麒麟公鸡剪切力显著高于常温组（P〈0．05）,高温组麒麟母鸡的肉色（a值）显著低于常温组（P〈0．05）,高温组麒麟鸡（公母平均）肉色（a值）显著低于常温组（P〈0．05）;在胸肌方面,12周龄高温组麒麟公鸡剪切力显著低于常温组（P〈0．05）,高温组麒麟母鸡的肉色（a值）显著低于常温组（P〈0．05）,高温组麒麟鸡（公母平均）的剪切力显著低于常温组（P〈0．05）：其余各指标差异不显著（P〉0．05）。麒麟鸡的耐热性、较高的屠宰率及肉质鲜美等特点．有望成为一种适合热带高温地区饲养的优质肉鸡。 相似文献
6.
选用１日龄艾维茵仔鸡４０００只随机分成两组，育雏床上分别采用３５℃和３２℃的初温，以后每周降３℃，比较两组仔鸡在２周龄以内的增重和死亡情况。结果显示一周内肉鸡的增重高温组高于低温组，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；第二周内增重差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；二周内鸡的死亡数为高温组低于低温组，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。鸡７周龄出栏时料肉比：高温组为１．９４，低温组为２．０１；７周龄出栏平均体重：高温组为２．４９ｋｇ，低温组为２．３０ｋｇ。３５℃初温育雏肉鸡的效果好于３２℃初温。 相似文献
7.
猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗不同免疫方法的免疫效果试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗按后海穴和常规肌肉免疫注射，对免疫效果进行比较试验。选６０日龄健康三元杂交猪１００头，分为４组。Ａ组：后海穴全量注射疫苗２ｍＬ／头，３０头；Ｂ组：后海穴半量注射疫苗１ｍＬ／头，３０头；Ｃ组；肌肉全量注射疫苗２ｍＬ／头，３０头；Ｄ组：不注射疫苗健康对照，１０头。免疫后３０ｄ测定血凝（ＨＡ）效价，结果显示，Ａ组与Ｃ组相比，差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）；组与Ｃ组相比，差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０ 相似文献
8.
2种组胺受体拮抗剂对低温诱发的肉鸡肺动脉高压的影响 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
为探讨组胺H1受体拮抗剂扑尔敏和H2受体拮抗剂西咪替丁对低温诱发的肉鸡肺动脉高压的影响,并由此推测组胺在低温诱发的肉鸡肺动脉高压形成过程中的作用。140只17日龄AA肉鸡随机分为4组。(1)常温组:40只在常温条件下饲养(22～23℃),每日注射生理盐水2次;(2)低温组:40只在低温环境中饲养(9～11℃),每日注射生理盐水2次;(3)扑尔敏组:40只在低温环境中饲养(9～11℃),每日注射扑尔敏2次;(4)西咪替丁组:20只在低温环境中饲养(9～11℃),于24日龄至38日龄期间每日注射西咪替丁2次。分别于低温处理后1周(24日龄)、2周(31日龄)、3周(38日龄)、4周(45日龄)从常温组,低温组,扑尔敏组中各随机抽取10只,西咪替丁组在低温处理后2周(31日龄)、3周(38日龄)各随机抽取10只,称取体重,然后利用右心导管法测定肺动脉压(PAP),并测定红细胞压积(PCV),腹水心脏指数(AHI)。结果发现:(1)24日龄、31日龄、38日龄时,低温组肺动脉收缩压,舒张压显著高于(P<0105)或极显著高于(P<0101)同日龄常温组。24日龄时扑尔敏组肺动脉收缩压显著低于(P<0105)同日龄低温组。38日龄时西咪替丁组肺动脉收缩压,舒张压极显著低于(P<0101)同日龄低温组。(2)24日龄、31日龄、38日龄、45日龄时,低温组PCV极显著高于(P<0101)同日龄常温组。24日龄时扑尔敏组 相似文献
9.
复方中草药饲料添加剂对江汉土鸡生产性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用３２０只江汉土鸡,对Ａ（混合型基础日粮＋中草药添加剂）、Ｂ（混合型基础日粮＋抗生素添加剂）、Ｃ（玉米型基础日粮＋中草药添加剂）、Ｄ（玉米型基础日粮＋抗生素添加剂）四种饲料进行了饲养试验。结果表明：Ａ组平均日增重比Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ组分别提高２１．５１％、１９．４３％、４８．２３％,与Ｂ、Ｃ组之间差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）,与Ｄ组之间差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）;经济效益Ａ组比Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ各组分别提高２６．３ 相似文献
10.
硫酸鱼精蛋白和谷氨酰胺对鸡精液冷冻效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以农大褐父母代种鸡为材料，进行硫酸鱼精蛋白和谷氨酰胺对鸡精液冷冻效果影响表明，Ａ液＋ＤＭＡ和Ｂ液＋甘油，解冻后精子活力分别为０．５３、０．４９，均显著高于其它（Ｐ〈０．０２５），Ａ液＋硫酸鱼精蛋白、Ａ液＋谷氨安、解冻后分别获得了０．４６、０．４１的精子活力、均显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）；Ｂ组均不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）。 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
13.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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16.
Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
17.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
18.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
20.
Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664