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1.
晋西黄土区刺槐林种植密度对植被生长状况的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对山西省方山县土桥沟流域刺槐人工林植被生长指标的比较研究,分析了不同密度刺槐人工林的生长状况,以期为该区刺槐人工林的经营管理提供理论依据和技术支持.研究结果表明,同是林龄为20 a的刺槐人工林,高密度林分内林木的树高、冠幅等生长指标值,均比低密度林分内的低,但郁闭度要比低密度林分高;密度大的林分胸径普遍较小,随着林分密度的降低,胸径逐渐增大.刺槐林下灌木层和草本层植被的平均高度、盖度、生物量、物种丰富度都随着林分密度的降低而升高;各林分林下植被层的含水量也存在着随林分密度的降低而升高的趋势.从人工林的生长状况来看,晋西半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区刺槐人工林的适宜密度为1667株/hm2. 相似文献
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通过实地调查和试验分析,研究了秦岭北坡杨树人工林、刺槐人工林、油松人工林和荒坡等4种植被类型的土壤养分状况和微生物特征.结果表明:①4种植被类型土壤养分存在差异,杨树人工林与刺槐人工林土壤养分含量均较高,油松人工林养分含量相对较低.荒坡最低.②4种植被类型中,土壤微生物数量以细菌最多,其次为放线菌,真菌最少.除真菌数量外,细菌、放线菌和微生物总量依次为杨树人工林最多,刺槐人工林较多,再次为油松人工林,荒坡最少.③4种植被类型土壤养分含量与土壤微生物数量基本均随土层加深表现为减少趋势,表明土壤微生物数量与土壤养分含量有关.④4种植被类型中土壤养分含量和土壤微生物数量比较研究表明,人工林能够较好地改善土壤状况,阔叶林改善土壤状况较针叶林更为有效. 相似文献
3.
晋西黄土残塬沟壑区刺槐人工林土壤水分植被承载力研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确在干旱缺水地区,植被对深层土壤水分的过度消耗以及水资源的承载能力,在晋西黄土残塬沟壑区选取林分密度1 300株/hm~2的刺槐人工林为研究对象,以裸地为对照,利用Enviro-SMART土壤水分监测系统(FDR)和热扩散探针(TDP)技术对当地刺槐人工林地0—150 cm范围内各土层体积含水量与树干液流量进行长期连续定位观测,采用土壤有效水与单株刺槐耗水量的比值来衡量研究区刺槐人工林土壤水分植被承载力。结果表明:(1)月降水量和月土壤储水量是决定刺槐人工林土壤水分植被承载力的主要环境因子,且二者与土壤水分植被承载力之间均呈现显著的正比例关系(P0.05)。(2)根据构建的刺槐人工林土壤水分植被承载力模型,计算出当地林龄为19年的刺槐人工林0—150 cm土层深度的土壤水分植被承载力为1 224株/hm~2,稍小于研究区实际林分密度(1 300株/hm~2),为保证当地刺槐人工林分耗水深度控制在0—150 cm土层范围内,同时也为促进当地林分生产力处于最优水平,建议在今后的营林造林过程中将刺槐人工林密度控制在当地土壤水分植被承载力范围之内,在减少林地深层水分消耗、调整林地土壤水资源平衡的同时,促进当地林业产业的合理发展。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲长期人工林地对土壤有机碳库的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]探讨黄河三角洲长期人工林对盐碱土壤有机碳库的作用效果,为充分发挥其生态功能与经济效益提供科学依据与技术参考。[方法]以刺槐、白蜡、白榆和臭椿纯林以及刺槐—白蜡、刺槐—白榆和刺槐—臭椿混交林等近30a的7个长期人工林为研究对象,并分别设置标准池,采用多点混合采样法,研究土壤活性有机碳、碳库管理指数的变化规律。[结果]3个混交林地土壤的微生物量碳含量较高,并显著高于其他林地,其中刺槐—白蜡混交林较未造林荒地、刺槐、白蜡、白榆和臭椿纯林分别提高26.16%,17.62%,88.41%,47.99%和21.64%。与未造林荒地相比,长期人工林地的水溶性有机碳含量均明显升高,而在各个不同造林措施中,刺槐—白蜡混交林的水溶性有机碳含量显著高于其他措施。各人工林地较荒地均显著提高了土壤总有机碳含量,其中3种混交林模式的土壤总有机碳含量明显高于对应纯林;同时,林地土壤不同活性有机碳含量的总体变化规律为:惰活性有机碳中活性有机碳高活性有机碳,其中刺槐—白蜡混交林更利于惰性有机碳的积累。此外,各人工林地土壤碳库指数较未造林荒地明显上升,其中刺槐—白蜡混交林的碳库管理指数达最高值,与刺槐—白榆、刺槐—臭椿混交林无显著性差异,但分别较刺槐、白蜡、白榆和臭椿纯林明显高出46.51,34.88,27.55,33.38。[结论]混交林模式较纯林对林地土壤有机碳库的改善效果更显著,对土壤具有较好的培肥作用,并处于良性管理状态,有利于林木的生长发育。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲盐碱地人工刺槐混交林细根分布研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究黄河三角洲盐碱地人工刺槐混交林及纯林细根空间分布格局,选取绒毛白蜡刺槐混交林、臭椿刺槐混交林、刺槐纯林,采用土柱法取样,从细根生物量密度、表面积密度、体积密度、根长密度等方面研究盐碱地中不同林分中树木细根的垂直分布情况,从细根生物量分析不同林木细根垂直分布情况,研究不同人工林细根分布差异及土壤影响因子。结果表明:绒毛白蜡刺槐混交林在细根的生物量、表面积、体积、根长等方面都显著高于臭椿刺槐混交林和刺槐纯林;绒毛白蜡刺槐混交林95.77%细根生物量分布在0~60 cm土层,臭椿刺槐混交林85.37%细根生物量分布在0~40 cm土层,而刺槐纯林的细根在土壤中分布则比较均匀,0~40 cm土层细根占生物量总量的66.38%。绒毛白蜡细根生物量最高,显著高于其他林木。绒毛白蜡刺槐混交林细根表面积密度、体积密度、根长密度显著高于刺槐纯林;臭椿刺槐混交林高于刺槐纯林,差异不显著。绒毛白蜡刺槐混交林、臭椿刺槐混交林细根总根尖数分别是刺槐纯林的2.34倍、1.23倍,总分叉数分别为刺槐纯林的6.15倍、1.66倍。绒毛白蜡刺槐混交林、臭椿刺槐混交林、刺槐纯林树木细根生物量与土壤有效磷、速效钾含量呈显著正相关关系;绒毛白蜡刺槐混交林细根生物量碱解氮、有机质含量呈极显著正相关关系。适当的混交模式在一定程度上提高了人工林细根生物量,增强植物吸收土壤营养物质的能力,混交使人工林在盐碱立地条件下适应能力提高。 相似文献
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晋西黄土区刺槐人工林林冠截留模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨晋西黄土区刺槐人工林生态水文过程和影响机制,以2007和2008年7-10月的19场降雨和气象及林分结构资料,用修正的Gash林冠截留模型,对刺槐人工林林冠截留进行模拟.结果表明:刺槐人工林林冠持水能力和树干持水能力分别为0.55和0.1091 mm,使林冠达到饱和的降雨量为0.75 mm,使树干达到饱和所必需的降雨量为8.70 mm;修正的Gash模型可以较好地模拟晋西黄土区刺槐人工林的林冠累计截留量,林冠累计截留量相对误差最小值为0.76％,最大值为12.60％,平均林冠累计截留量相对误差为6.40％,林冠累计截留量模拟值小于实测值,截流率比实测值低2.64％. 相似文献
9.
黄土高原沙棘、刺槐人工林对土壤的培肥效应及其模型 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
采用肥力解析断面分析法研究了黄土高原沙棘,刺槐人工林对土壤的培肥效应,结果表明：（1）黄土高原沙棘,刺槐人工林能大幅度提高土壤的肥力水平,与无林地相比,5年生沙棘及33年生刺槐人工纯林可使80cm土层土壤有机质,全N,有效N,有效钾,代换量分别提高41．1％,60.4%,109.7%,12.4%及74.3%,123.65,285.3%,42.4%,63.7%,（2）沙棘,刺槐林对土壤的培肥效应随深度增加而减小,其变化趋势符合Y＝A＋Blnh模型,（30沙棘人工林对土壤有机质,全N及有效N的提高幅度大于刺槐。 相似文献
10.
黄土丘陵区典型人工林有机碳分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了黄土丘陵区典型人工林刺槐、沙棘和柠条0-60 cm土层土壤有机碳(SOC)储量及分布特征的差异,研究了不同类型人工林随生长年限的增加对SOC产生的影响.结果表明,人工林建造对SOC积累具有积极作用,各人工林进入生长稳定期后,对SOC有一定补给作用,有机碳补给能力表现为:沙棘＞刺槐＞柠条,这种差异因根系生长特点不同产生,沙棘主要在20--40 cm土层,年平均补给量为0.357g/kg;刺槐和柠条为40-60 cm,年平均补给量分别为;0.010和0.005 g/kg.回归分析结果表明,土壤物理性状与SOC含量相关性显著(p＜0.01),SOC含量随土壤容重增大而减小,随团聚体稳定性增大而增大,相关系数分别为-0.82和0.79. 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
18.
Dhritiman Ghosh Velusamy Srinivasan Olli H. Tuovinen Aaron Peacock Mark Radosevich 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1331-1334
We examined the community composition of microbes that colonized atrazine-containing beads buried in agricultural soils that differed in atrazine treatment history. Bacterial abundance was 5-40-fold greater in atrazine-fortified beads. In beads containing 20 mg atrazine kg−1 buried in soil with a history of atrazine application (conditioned soil), the abundance of Actinobacteria increased approximately 80-fold whereas in control soil, Actinobacteria were enriched only 10-fold and the gamma-Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes increased by 60- and 25-fold, respectively. The gamma-Proteobacteria were enriched by 120- and 230-fold in beads containing 200 mg atrazine kg−1 in conditioned and control soil, respectively. The results demonstrate that BioSep® beads are a suitable matrix for recruiting a diverse subset of the bacterial community involved in atrazine degradation. 相似文献
19.
Pilar García Juan-Vicente Monte Carlos Casanova Consuelo Soler 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(1):103-109
Arbitrary oligonucleotides were used as primers to amplifygenomic DNA of 48 wild Spanish populations of Agropyroncristatum, Elymus hispanicus,E. caninus,E. repens,Thinopyrum curvifolium, Th.junceum and Th.intermedium. Genetic diversity was analysedusing nineteen primers. The number of amplified products ranged from8 to 18 per primer and a total of 240 markers were scored. Differentlevels of intraspecific genetic diversity were found, the allogamousspecies E. repens andTh. intermedium being themost variable. Jaccard's similarity coefficients for internalmeasure within and between populations were used to produce a clusterdiagram. The results demonstrate differences in the degree ofsimilarity between taxonomic units. Interpopulational variability andinterspecific genomic relationships of these species arediscussed. 相似文献
20.
The effects of three commonly used fungicides on the colonization and sporulation by a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi consisting of Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.), Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, and Gigaspora rosea (Nicol. & Schenck) in symbiosis with pea plants and the resulting response of the host-plant were examined. Benomyl, PCNB, and captan were applied as soil drenches at a rate of 20 mg active ingredient kg-1 soil 2 weeks after transplanting pea seedlings in a silty clay-loam soil containing the mixed inocula of AM fungi (AM plants). Effects of fungicides were compared to untreated plants that were inoculated with fungi (AM control). The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth was also examined by including nonmycorrhizal, non-fungicide-treated plants (non-AM control). Fungicides or inoculation with AM fungi had only a small effect on the final shoot weights of pea plants, but had greater effects on root length and seed yield. AM control plants had higher seed yields and lower root lengths than the corresponding non-AM plants, and the fungicide-treated AM plants had intermediate yields and root lengths. Seed N and P contents were likewise highest in AM control plants, lowest in non-AM plants, and intermediate in fungicide-treated AM plants. All three fungicides depressed the proportion (%) of root length colonized by AM fungi, but these differences did not translate to reductions in the total root length that was colonized, since roots were longer in the fungicide-treated AM plants. Pea plants apparently compensated for the reduction in AM-fungal metabolism due to fungicides by increasing root growth. Fungicides affected the population of the three fungi as determined by sporulation at the final harvest. Captan significantly reduced the number, relative abundance, and relative volume of G. rosea spores in the final population relative to the controls. The relative volume of G. etunicatum spores was greater in all the fungicide-treated soils, while G. mosseae relative volumes were only greater in the captan-treated soil. These findings show that fungicides can alter the species composition of an AM-fungal community. The results also show that AM fungi can increase seed yield without enhancing the vegetative shoot growth of host plants. 相似文献