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1.
Gnotobiotic chickens infected with Eimeria tenella (5 X 10(4) oocysts per bird) received an oral inoculation of 100 Salmonella typhimurium two, four, six or eight days after coccidial infection at four days old. When S typhimurium was given two or four days after E tenella infection, S typhimurium counts in the caecal contents were similar to the counts in birds infected with S typhimurium alone. When S typhimurium was given six or eight days after E tenella infection, counts of the organism were significantly greater than with S typhimurium infection alone. There were no differences in the number of chickens positive for S typhimurium in the caecal contents, bile, liver and spleen between the two groups. 相似文献
2.
The interactive effects of Eimeria tenella and Escherichia coli infection in chickens were investigated. Specific pathogen free chickens inoculated orally with E tenella and challenged four days later with E coli via the air sac showed more severe acute septicaemic lesions and subacute serositis than chickens given E coli alone. Moreover, caecal lesions induced by E tenella were more severe in chickens given both E tenella and E coli than in those given E tenella alone. In contrast, oral inoculation of E coli did not result in acute septicaemic lesions or subacute serositis and had no effect on the severity of the caecal lesions caused by E tenella. 相似文献
3.
Broiler chickens free of maternal immunity to reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) were used in the experiment. Two groups of 25 chickens were inoculated with REV at one day of age. One of these groups and another group of 25 chickens were inoculated with Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts at 7 days of age. Chickens inoculated with E. tenella showed bloody diarrhoea from 12 to 14 days of age. Six out of 25 chickens died (P less than 0.05) at 13 and 14 days of age in the dual infected group. At 14 days of age, when chickens were killed, the lesion score in the combined infection group, was statistically different from that in the chickens inoculated with E. tenella alone. Also the weights of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were lower in the two REV infected groups than in the controls. Although REV infection alone adversely affected the weight gain and feed conversion, with combined infection this effect was much greater. Following REV inoculation most of the chickens showed feathering defects and all the examined chickens were viraemic at 21 days of age. At the same age, all but one chicken failed to show precipitating antigenaemia and about one-half of these chickens showed a very low serum neutralisation titre. None of these chickens showed precipitating antibodies. 相似文献
4.
雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫后脂质过氧化物的变化 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了探讨柔嫩艾美耳球虫 (E.tenella)对感染雏鸡的损伤机制 ,本试验给 10日龄海兰白公雏鸡口服柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊 8× 10 4个 /只 ,在感染后 2、4、6、7、9、12、16和 2 1d分别各取 5只雏鸡剖检 ,取盲肠并采血 ,观察盲肠病理组织学变化 ,测定盲肠组织及血清中的丙二醛 (MDA )、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH- Px)的水平。结果表明 ,雏鸡在感染 E.tenella后 2～ 4d,盲肠开始出现损伤 ,同时 SOD和 GSH- Px活性也开始下降 ;感染后 4～ 7d,盲肠粘膜上皮和肠腺上皮细胞大量变性、坏死崩解 ,发生严重损伤时 ,盲肠及血清中 MDA含量显著增加 ,并持续到 9d,同时 SOD和 GSH- Px活性也显著下降 ;感染 9d后 ,损伤的盲肠组织及 MDA、SOD和 GSH- Px水平逐渐恢复 ,至 2 1d基本达到正常 相似文献
5.
To investigate a possible mechanism involved in the enhancement of Salmonella typhimurium infection in chickens concurrently infected with Eimeria tenella, S typhimurium was given orally to chickens 7 days after E tenella inoculation. The number of viable S typhimurium decreased in the ceca of chickens not inoculated with E tenella, whereas the number gradually increased in the ceca of chickens inoculated with E tenella. Cecal contents were analyzed for pH value, oxidation-reduction potential, and amounts of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids. In the ceca of E tenella-inoculated chickens, the oxidation-reduction potential significantly (P less than 0.05) shifted to the oxidative phase, and the concentration of volatile fatty acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid) significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased. In both aerobic and anaerobic incubations, the number of viable S typhimurium in vitro decreased as the molar concentration of fatty acids increased. Experimental evidence indicated that multiplication of S typhimurium in the ceca of E tenella-inoculated chickens was associated with decreased concentrations of volatile fatty acids. 相似文献
6.
When monoflora chickens with Lactobacillus acidophilus or Streptococcus faecalis were inoculated with Clostridium perfringens either in broth culture or resuspended in Gifu anaerobic medium broth or supernatant fluid, few or no chickens died. Approximately 50% of germ-free chickens died after inoculation of C. perfringens culture, whereas no conventional birds died after inoculation of broth culture. C. perfringens in the contents of duodenum from germ-free chickens numbered about 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU)/g after inoculation 10(8) CFU broth culture per bird, but in gnotobiotic and conventional chickens this organism decreased or was not detected. When C. perfringens was cultured in intestinal contents collected from germ-free chickens, C. perfringens proliferated but alpha toxin was not detected. These findings indicate that the pathogenicity of C. perfringens was suppressed by L. acidophilus or S. faecalis administered previously or inhibited by normal intestinal flora. 相似文献
7.
Experimental infections of Salmonella typhimurium, S. agona, S. enteritidis or S. infantis were studied in chicks infected with Eimeria tenella. In all experiments, 4-d old birds were given 5 daily oral doses of approximately 10(4) salmonella organisms per bird. One day before this inoculation one group of birds received a single dose, in the range 1 X 10(4) to 4 X 10(4) sporulated oocysts of E. tenella per os whilst the other group was not inoculated and served as the control. Chicks were examined post morten 7, 10 or 14 d after receiving coccidia. With S. typhimurium infection, the number of salmonellas in the caeca of the E. tenella-infected birds was greater than in those infected only with salmonella. With S. agona and S. enteritidis, the counts of salmonella in the caeca and the numbers of birds positive for salmonella in the caeca and liver were greater in the E. tenella-infected birds. The rate of infection of S. infantis was not increased by caecal coccidiosis. 相似文献
8.
E Baba H Wakeshima K Fukui T Fukata A Arakawa 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(2):194-197
When Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens were tested in conventional chickens, larger numbers of S typhimurium and C perfringens adhered to Eimeria tenella-infected ceca than to uninfected ceca. In germ-free chickens, S typhimurium and C perfringens adhered to the E tenella-infected cecal mucosa more than to the uninfected cecal mucosa, but fewer Bacteroides vulgatus and Bifidobacterium thermophilum adhered to the E tenella-infected ceca than to the uninfected ceca. Many bacteria adhered to the lesions caused by E tenella as observed by scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of our findings, we suggest that infection with E tenella upsets the balance of competitive adherence of bacteria, allowing more colonization of S typhimurium and C perfringens. 相似文献
9.
药物对球虫感染鸡血液及生化指标的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
1日龄艾维因肉鸡分为 4个组 ,即中药组、马杜霉素组、感染不给药组和不感染不给药组 ,每组 2 0只。中药组从 1日龄开始即投喂含 0 .1%中草药复方制剂 (由绞股蓝皂甙、去油鸦胆子仁等组成 )的饲料 ;马杜霉素组从 12日龄起投喂含马杜霉素 5 mg/ kg的饲料。前 3组于 14日龄感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊。卵囊攻击前及攻击后 4、7d分别采血 ,测定血液红细胞数、血钾、血钠、血磷、血清白蛋白和血清总蛋白含量。结果表明 ,卵囊攻击后 4、7d,感染不给药组的红细胞数显著低于其他各组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,卵囊攻击后 7d,血钾浓度显著高于其他各组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,血清白蛋白和血清总蛋白显著低于其他各组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;卵囊攻击后 7d,中药组血液红细胞数显著低于不感染不给药组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但显著高于感染不给药组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;马杜霉素组的各项测定指标与不感染不给药组相比无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;卵囊攻击后 ,各组间的血磷和血糖值无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结果提示 ,药物能抵抗球虫感染 ,血液各项指标得以保持相对恒定。 相似文献
10.
El-Abasy M Motobu M Na KJ Shimura K Nakamura K Koge K Onodera T Hirota Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(8):865-871
The effects of oral administration of sugar cane extracts (SCE) on Eimeria tenella oocysts infection in chickens were studied with 2 different experiments. In Experiment 1, 3-week-old inbred chickens (MHC; H.B15) were inoculated into the crop with SCE (500 mg/kg/day) for 1 day or 3 consecutive days, and then challenged with E. tenella sporulated oocysts (2 x 10(4) cells/chicken). In Experiment 2, 1-week-old chickens were orally administered SCE at the same dose for 3 consecutive days, and then initially infected with E. tenella sporulated oocysts (2 x 10(3) cells/chicken). At 2 and 3 weeks of age, these chickens were immunized intravenously with the mixed antigens of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus (BA). At 4 weeks of age, chickens were challenged with E. tenella sporulated oocysts (1 x 10(5)/chicken). Challenged chickens with E. tenella oocysts showed markedly decreased body weight gain/day, severe hemorrhage and great number of shedding oocysts in feces and high lesion scores. Oral administration of SCE and initial infection with oocysts (2 x 10 (3)/chicken) resulted in a remarkable improvement in body weight gain/day, hemorrhage, the number of shedding oocysts and lesion score, compare to other infected groups. In addition, SCE-inoculated chickens with the initial infection showed a significant increase in antibody responses against SRBC and BA and also improvement in decreased relative proportions of Bu-1a(+) and CD4( )cells in cecal tonsil lymphocytes of E. tenella-challenged chickens. Cecal tissues of chickens administered SCE and initially infected with E. tenella oocysts showed lower numbers of schizonts, gametocytes and oocysts than those of infected control chickens. These results suggest that SCE have immunostimulating and protective effects against E. tenella infection in chickens. 相似文献
11.
J K Skeeles M Slavik J N Beasley A H Brown C F Meinecke S Maruca S Welch 《American journal of veterinary research》1980,41(9):1458-1461
Specific-pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens were inoculated with a field strain of infectious bursal disease virus. One group (A) was inoculated at 17 days after the chicks were hatched, and the other groups (C and E) were inoculated at posthatch day 42. Blood samples were obtained for determination of clotting times (whole blood recalcification, prothrombin, and activated partial thromboplastin times), virus-neutralizing antibody, and total hemolytic complement. There were significant increases in clotting times for groups C and E at 3 and 5 days after they were inoculated. There were no significant increases in clotting times at 3 days after inoculation in the group A chickens (inoculated at 17 days after hatching). There were no significant decreases in total complement activity in any of these chickens (groups A, C, and E). This study indicates that the mortality and clinical symptoms observed in chickens experimentally infected with infectious bursal disease virus may be associated with a clotting abnormality because it was noted only in chickens that developed severe clinical disease (inoculated at 42 days after hatching) and was not noted in chickens that remained clinically normal (inoculated at 17 days). 相似文献
12.
H S Lillehoj 《Avian diseases》1988,32(3):437-444
Various parasite- and host-related factors influencing disease susceptibility and development of protective immunity against Eimeria tenella infection were investigated in two inbred strains of chickens. Chickens that received a primary inoculation of 10(3), 10(4), or 10(5) oocysts showed a significant reduction in packed cell volume and produced significantly more oocysts than chickens inoculated with fewer oocysts. Younger chickens were as susceptible as older chickens to identical parasite doses. However, upon a secondary inoculation 5 weeks following primary inoculation, FP chickens 1 to 21 days old at the time of primary inoculation developed resistance to reinfection, whereas SC chickens less than 3 weeks old at the time of primary inoculation were highly susceptible to secondary infection. Flow cytometric analysis of spleen lymphocytes showed a substantial reduction in T-cell number in 1-day-old SC but not FP chickens. Furthermore, 1-week-old SC chickens showed depressed mitogenic responses to concanavalin A compared with 1-week-old FP chickens. There was no significant difference between SC and FP chickens in speen B-cell number, regardless of age. 相似文献
13.
同一日龄雏鸡接种不同剂量的柔嫩艾美尔球虫,研究接种不同剂量柔嫩艾美尔球虫对雏鸡血清抗氧化酶的影响。将60只健康鸡随机分为6组(n=10),分别接种0、0.5×104、1×104、2×104、4×104和8×104个孢子化卵囊。接种后7 d颈静脉采血,分离血清,测定血清脂质过氧化物(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果表明雏鸡感染不同剂量的柔嫩艾美尔球虫后,按接种剂量从低到高,血清中MDA含量先降低后升高变化差异极显著(P0.01);血清SOD活性先升高后降低,差异极显著(P0.01);血清GSH-PX活性先升高后降低,差异极显著(P0.01);血清CAT活性较对照组极显著性降低(P0.01)。不同剂量柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染对雏鸡血清MDA含量和SOD、GSH-PX、CAT活性有一定的影响。 相似文献
14.
15.
1. This study investigated the effect of Eimeria spp./Clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis and traditional antibiotic preventatives on intestinal micro-architecture and mucin profile. 2. A total of 600 Cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to the following three groups: (i) unchallenged, (ii) challenged, and (iii) zinc bacitracin/monensin (ZnB/monensin) (n = 25 chickens/pen, 8 pens/group). The challenged and ZnB/monensin chickens were individually inoculated with Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella and C. perfringens type A (EHE-NE18) at 9 and 15 d post-hatch respectively, to induce necrotic enteritis. 3. The challenge procedure significantly decreased villus height, increased villus width and increased crypt depth in the challenged compared to the unchallenged chickens. Zinc bacitracin and monensin maintained villus-crypt structure similar to that of the unchallenged chickens. 4. Mucin profile was not affected by Eimeria spp./C. perfringens challenge as demonstrated by periodic acid-Schiff and high iron diamine-alcian blue pH 2 x 5 staining. Zinc bacitracin and monensin decreased the number of intestinal mucin-containing goblet cells. 5. Lectin histochemistry showed a trend towards greater Arachis hypogea (PNA) reactivity in unchallenged chickens. 6. In summary, Eimeria spp./C. perfringens challenge disrupted intestinal micro-architecture; however, challenge did not appear to affect intestinal mucin profile. Traditional antibiotics, zinc bacitracin and monensin maintained micro-architecture. 相似文献
16.
The effect of Corynebacterium parvum on resistance to Salmonella typhimurium infection was evaluated in young chickens. One-day-old chickens were inoculated subcutaneously (SC) or intraperitoneally (IP) with 1.4 mg killed C. parvum and challenged by IP injection with 5.0 X 10(7) S. typhimurium 4 days later. Spleen and bursa of Fabricius weights were not altered in the C. parvum-inoculated chickens. A transient increase in thymus weight occurred 3 days after inoculation with C. parvum. Phytohemagglutinin-elicited cutaneous hypersensitivity was significantly suppressed in the C. parvum-inoculated chickens. Morbidity due to Salmonella infection increased significantly from 15% and 21% in the control groups to 43% and 46% in the chickens inoculated IP or SC with C. parvum. The results indicated that inoculation of 1-day-old chickens with C. parvum suppressed cell-mediated immune responsiveness and decreased resistance to peritoneal infection with S. typhimurium. 相似文献
17.
An experiment was carried out to study the effects of vaccination with Paracox, a live, attenuated vaccine against avian coccidiosis, on broilers isolated from extraneous Eimeria parasites. The study involved 3200 broiler chickens raised in floor pens similar to commercial conditions, but in an initially Eimeria-free environment. Forty percent of the chickens were vaccinated at 3 days of age and given either a basal unmedicated feed or a feed supplemented with the feed antibiotic virginiamycin. Unvaccinated birds were given either the basal feed or feed supplemented either with virginiamycin or the anticoccidial ionophore narasin. At slaughter at 36 days of age vaccinated birds had a lower live weight than non-vaccinated birds. The difference was 4.6% in unmedicated, and 6.0% in virginiamycin medicated chickens. Feed conversion ratio at slaughter was 2.5% higher for unmedicated vaccinated birds, and 1.3% higher for virginiamycin medicated vaccinated birds, compared to respective non-vaccinated groups. There was no significant difference in overall performance of unvaccinated birds given narasin as compared to virginiamycin. At 10 days post vaccination vaccinated birds had a higher number of Clostridium perfringens in the caeca, but there was no difference thereafter. Throughout the experiment, caecal clostridial counts were considerably higher in vaccinated unmedicated birds than in unvaccinated birds given narasin. The number of oocysts shed in the vaccinated groups was very low, but during a subsequent challenge with E. maxima and E. tenella the birds' immunity was found to be satisfactory. 相似文献
18.
The effect of concurrent cecal coccidiosis infections on severity of Histomonas meleagridis (blackhead disease) in chickens was investigated in a series of experiments. Cecal lesions from H. meleagridis were severe in all inoculated control groups and did not appear to be affected by the introduction of Eimeria tenella infection. However, the severity of liver lesions and number of birds positive for liver lesions of H. meleagridis increased significantly with the presence of E. tenella. The increase was similar when 10(3) or 10(4) oocysts of E. tenella were given and was the same when oocysts were given at the same time as H. meleagridis or 4 days prior. The liver lesions increased directly as doses of H. meleagridis increased from 7.5 x 10(3) cells to 30, 100, or 300 x 10(3) when E. tenella was given along with H. melelagridis but not when H. meleagridis was given alone. Administration of a live coccidiosis vaccine containing very low levels of E. tenella also gave a significant boost to liver lesions but at a much lower level than that observed with larger doses of E. tenella. The positive relationship between infections of cecal coccidiosis and H. meleagridis in chickens suggests that such dual exposure may contribute to increased clinical outbreaks of blackhead disease in chickens under field conditions. 相似文献
19.
Donor chickens given feed medicated with one or two levels of decoquinate or given non-medicated feed were infected with oocysts of Eimeria tenella or E. maxima per os. Twelve hours after inoculation with oocysts liver, mid-intestine or ceca homogenates were fed to previously uninfected recipient chickens. The results showed that continuous medication with decoquinate was effective in preventing the transfer of sporozoites from the intestine to the liver. Oocysts were detected in the feces of all recipients of tissue from non-medicated donors, showing that some sporozoites of E. maxima and E. tenella are normally transferred to liver. Young broiler chickens were immunized by oral inoculation of E. maxima oocysts. The immune status of similar chickens inoculated with sporozoites of the same species directly into the liver or spleen were assessed. During the experimental period half of the chicks were provided with non-medicated food and the remainder were given feed supplemented with decoquinate; decoquinate was effective in arresting the development of the sporozoites. Two weeks after initial infection the birds were challenged with oocysts of E. maxima per os. Injection of sporozoites into the spleen did not protect against challenge. Birds inoculated with sporozoites into the liver were unable to develop a significant level of immunity. When the drug pressure was removed from these birds, parasitism of the intestine occurred and immunity developed. 相似文献
20.
Experimental chicken/guinea fowl hybrids, guinea fowl, and chickens were orally inoculated with Eimeria acervulina or E. tenella, which are specific for chickens, or with E. grenieri, which is specific for guinea fowl. No intact oocysts were found in feces within 24 hr of inoculation, suggesting that excystation occurred in the normal and abnormal hosts. No oocysts were found in the feces of hybrids during a 9-day postinoculation period. The guinea fowl passed oocysts of guinea fowl coccidia (E. grenieri) but not those of chicken coccidia, and the chickens passed oocysts of chicken coccidia (E. acervulina and E. tenella) but not those of guinea fowl coccidia. Some asexual development (schizogony) occurred in hybrids inoculated with E. tenella, but sexual development (gametogony) did not. In contrast, quail/chicken hybrids became infected with oocysts of chicken coccidia (E. acervulina, E. tenella, and E. maxima) and quail coccidia (E. bateri) and passed a few oocysts during the normal patent period; control chickens and quails became heavily infected with oocysts of chicken and quail coccidia, respectively. 相似文献