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1.
为了解胡杨春尺蠖Apocheima cinerarius的发生蔓延过程,以新疆叶尔羌河流域中下游巴楚县夏河林区胡杨林分布区为研究区,利用ENVI+IDL软件提取2001—2016年的MODIS 13Q1数据得到16年的胡杨春尺蠖发生区域,借助CLUE-S模型对其发生分布规律进行分析和预测,反演并验证2006年该虫的发生分布范围,进而预测2020年胡杨春尺蠖各发生等级的空间分布。结果显示,2001—2016年,胡杨春尺蠖的发生范围在逐步扩散,且扩散较为明显;该虫的发生面积在逐步增加,极重度发生、重度发生、中度发生、轻度发生的面积占比分别提高了4.98、11.36、19.52、24.62个百分点,而无虫害面积占比则下降了59.48个百分点,降至37.18%;借助CLUE-S模型反演并验证2006年胡杨春尺蠖发生分布范围,模拟结果正确率达88.85%,一致性检验Kappa系数达0.86;2020年该虫的空间分布模拟预测结果显示,该年胡杨春尺蠖各发生等级的分布空间格局变化相对明显,各程度虫害发生面积均不断增加,无虫害面积占比降至30.57%。表明胡杨春尺蠖为害形势非常严峻,必须针对极重度发生区域进行专项治理,运用CLUE-S模型反演虫害发生区域是一种能准确预测虫害发生的高效方法,模拟结果可指导实施飞防作业。 相似文献
2.
The hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenée), is a serious forest pest in North America with three subspecies that vary in their geographical range and larval host preferences. Both broadleaved and coniferous trees are infested, though the largest impacts are on coniferous forestry where trees can be completely defoliated and killed. The pest was identified as a potential threat to forestry on the island of Ireland during a horizon‐scanning exercise to identify pests of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. (Sitka spruce) and was subject to a rapid pest risk analysis (PRA). Though judged to be unlikely, pathways identified were uncontrolled wood commodities and mosses and lichens harvested from forests in North America and exported for use in ornamental displays. Lambdina fiscellaria is found in a range of climate types, and is likely to be able to complete its lifecycle in the Irish climate – although there is uncertainty concerning its ability to adapt to European trees. Lambdina fiscellaria has only a limited capacity for spread, as virgin females are burdened by their eggs and are poor fliers. This was judged to reduce potential impacts in the PRA area – as the slow rate of spread would provide time to develop monitoring and control methods well ahead of the pest reaching its maximum extent on the island of Ireland. The pest still poses a considerable risk to coniferous forestry not only on the island of Ireland but across the EPPO region where climate is suitable for the pest to establish. Regulation and implementation of phytosanitary measures prevent introduction of the pest should be considered. 相似文献
3.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
4.
G. Farrell M. G. Hill F. L. O. Nang'Ayo A. Stabrawa 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》1996,1(4):251-263
A 4-year project in Kenya to develop management strategies for the larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) in smallholder maize stores is described. The entomological investigations included behavioural and ecological studies of pest activity in experimental and farmers' maize stores and the natural environment, the use of insecticides to protect maize stored as grain and cobs and the release of a biological control agent. The latter was a predatory beetle; this marks the first release of a biological control agent against a storage pest in East Africa. The operation of a national trapping network to assess the extent and future spread of the pest and predator and target control campaigns is outlined. Recommendations for the control of the stored product pests, resulting from these investigations, were tested for likely adoption and modification in the light of socioeconomic surveys and a cost-benefit analysis. A decision tree approach to managing stored product pests is suggested which allows extension workers and farmers to decide the necessity of pesticide application when assessing how best to protect stored maize. 相似文献
5.
番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta源自南美洲,是一种具有恶性入侵性、暴发性和毁灭性的害虫。该害虫自2017年入侵我国新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州,目前已在我国云南、贵州和四川等近20个省（区）相继发生,对番茄等茄科类作物造成严重威胁,亟需开展害虫综合治理研究与田间应用。该文基于土壤-作物-害虫-天敌互作系统中上行效应与下行效应的生态学原理,综述土壤氮素、根际微生物、作物抗性、作物和非作物多样性以及天敌昆虫在番茄潜叶蛾种群控制中的作用,对番茄潜叶蛾综合防控进行展望。 相似文献
6.
Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a major disease threat to apple, pear and other pome fruit worldwide. The disease is widespread in Europe and has recently become established in Switzerland. Antibiotics are the most effective controls used in North America but these are not permitted for agricultural use in most European countries. A newly registered biological control product Biopro®, based on the antagonist Bacillus subtilis strain BD170, is being used as an alternative strategy for fire blight management. A specific molecular marker was developed for monitoring the spread of this agent on blossoms after Biopro® spray application in a Swiss apple orchard throughout the bloom period for 2years. Direct spraying resulted in efficient primary colonisation of pistils in flowers that were open at the time of treatment. Subsequent bacterial dissemination (secondary colonisation) of flowers that were closed or at bud stage at the time of treatment was observed but was found to be dependent on the timing of treatments relative to bloom stage in the orchard. Foraging honeybees were shown to be disseminators of Biopro®. We also report detection of the biocontrol agent in honey collected from hives where bees were exposed by placing Biopro® at the entrance or in the hatching nest and from hives that were simply placed in sprayed orchards. 相似文献
7.
地中海实蝇Ceratitis capitata(Weidemann)是全球分布范围最广、为害最大的害虫之一。为评估地中海实蝇入侵中国风险并制定针对性的检疫措施,基于其在全球的分布数据,选取与其发生相关的温度、湿度等7个变量,利用MaxEnt模型预测其适生区,并结合我国进境口岸截获数据及寄主分布情况评估其入侵风险。结果显示,地中海实蝇在全球的适生区范围主要集中在热带、亚热带地区,在我国的适生区范围主要集中在南部地区。该虫在越南、老挝、缅甸、印度、不丹和尼泊尔等我国邻国多地适生,且在我国进境口岸每年也均有截获,2003—2015年共截获274批次;其主要寄主苹果、咖啡、榅桲和无花果在我国的适生区范围内种植面积及产量均较高。因此中国具备了该虫进入、定殖的适生条件,具有较高的扩散风险。为预防其入侵,需完善边境疫情监测体系,加强进境口岸管理力度,并制定科学管理措施以降低其进入、定殖及扩散的风险。 相似文献
8.
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(Smith)是一种重要的经济作物害虫,在美洲玉米种植区均有发生。近几年该害虫迅速蔓延至非洲和东南亚等地区,并于2018年12月下旬在中国云南省被发现,对玉米生产造成严重威胁。化学农药和Bt作物是目前防治草地贪夜蛾的最主要手段,但大量研究表明,草地贪夜蛾已经形成了具有高抗药性和Bt抗性的种群。本文介绍了草地贪夜蛾抗药性和Bt抗性现状,从抗性相关因子的表达调控和靶标位点变异2个方面论述了草地贪夜蛾抗药性和Bt抗性机制,总结了目前草地贪夜蛾抗药性和Bt抗性的治理策略,并结合中国实际情况探讨了草地贪夜蛾综合防控的发展方向,以期为该害虫的防控提供参考。 相似文献
9.
Mary F. Purcell 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》1998,3(2):63-83
The biological control of pest tephritid flies using parasitoids has been successful in relatively few subtropical and tropical regions. The best documented successes were in Hawaii and Florida, USA, Fiji and southern Europe. There were relatively limited successes in Australia, Costa Rica and Mexico. With the accidental establishment of new pest tephritids, such as Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) in Hawaii or Bactrocera papayae Drew and Hancock in Australia, foreign exploration for new parasitoids is essential. A renewal of interest in classical biological control has recently occurred, although not at the same level as in the 1940s and 1950s. New parasitoid species are currently being obtained for several tephritids, such as Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann), B. latifrons and Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). The advances in mass rearing and quality control technology for parasitoids has enabled researchers to perform large-scale field testing of these parasitoids to determine the potential of augmentative releases. Numerous studies on the augmentative release of parasitoids have been done. Historically, the larval—pupal parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) has been the most frequently studied parasitoid, due to the ease of rearing this species. However, recent successes in rearing other species with different biologies, e.g. the egg—pupal parasitoid Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), the gregarious eulophid, Tetrastichus giffardianus (Silvestri) and the pupal parasitoid, Coptera sp., will enable researchers to broaden the repertoire of parasitoid species for the future. Both successes and failures in augmentative releases have occurred. Without knowledge of the behavioural ecology of parasitoids, the reasons for success or failure can only be surmised. Recent research on the dispersal and host habitat finding of tephritid parasitoids will provide insights into improving augmentation and conservation strategies. The integrated pest management (IPM) of tephritid flies in the tropics has been less well-developed than research and programmes for tephritids in temperate zones. Significant emphasis is now being placed on the development of quarantine treatment methods that are environmentally sound; thus IPM will take a larger role. Several existing pest management strategies are reviewed which show the potential for compatibility with the activities of tephritid parasitoids. These include trap cropping, insecticides with selective toxicity to the target pests, mass trapping with parapheromones, the sterile insect technique and field sanitation. 相似文献
10.
A botanical natural product,AkseBio2, was evaluated under laboratory conditions for its oviposition deterrent, ovicidal and larvicidal (nymphicidal) effects against
the pear psyllaCacopsylla pyri (L.) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). The product exhibited a strong oviposition deterrent effect for winterform and summerform females
and caused a reduction in the total number of eggs laid in both choice and no-choice assays. Significant mortalities in freshly
laid eggs (0–48 h) and various nymphal stages of the pest were recorded in toxicity assays. At a concentration of 0.1% (formulation),
the highest biological activity of the product was recorded against the young (1st and 2nd) nymphal stages (up to 87.4% mortality)
in comparison with the other biological stages of the pest. It was less active against the older (3rd-5th) nymphs, causing
62.1% mortality at the same concentration. In assays with non-target organisms, a significant negative effect was not observed.
There were no significant changes on treated plants up to 7 days after treatment in any trial, nor was there any phytotoxicity
on plant tissue as a result ofAkseBio2 treatments. The results suggest that the product can be used in psylla control instead of synthetic insecticides and may
serve as an integrated pest management (IPM) component in pear orchards.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2004. 相似文献
11.
The egg parasitoidTrissolcus spp. is the natural enemy of the cabbage bug,Eurydema ornatum L. (Het., Pentatomidae), a destructive pest of cultivated and wild Crucifera. Its preferred host is the wheat bugEurygaster integriceps Put., the most important pest of wheat. In order to rear the parasite for biological control purposes, mass production of
its hostE. ornatum is suggested. In a laboratory study, the fecundity ofE. ornatum feeding on garden cress and radish was significantly higher than on red cabbage, white cabbage, rape or cauliflower. The
oviposition period was significantly longer on garden cress and radish than on the other Crucifera. There was no difference
among the various Crucifera in terms of length of postoviposition period or number of eggs laid per female per day. 相似文献
12.
为明确草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的捕食性天敌——叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellata在全球的潜在地理分布,基于叉角厉蝽在全球已有的历史分布记录,结合环境数据,采用MaxEnt生态位模型结合GIS技术对其在全球范围的适生区进行分析。结果显示,最暖季降水和最冷季平均温度是影响叉角厉蝽分布的主要环境因素。预测的叉角厉蝽在各个洲均可能发生,适生区集中分布在亚洲东部、东南亚大部、印度半岛东部、非洲南部东西沿海岸地区、南美洲中部地区及澳洲北部沿海岸地区。表明叉角厉蝽适生性较强,可以充分利用其捕食性释放到田间用于生物防治。 相似文献
13.
Strategies targeting the biological control of the cherry bark tortrix (=CBT), Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli) in North America have also included the search for potentially useful native hymenopterous parasitoids of the pest in Europe. The search for such agents undertaken in the central-east Europe (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary) resulted in determination of several ichneumonid species (Campoplex cf. dubitator Horst., Liotryphon sp., Lissonotus sp., Pimpla spuria (Grav.), Pimpla turionellae (L.), and some others, and a braconid (Apanteles britannicus Wilk.) in 2001–2002. 相似文献
14.
Strategies targeting the biological control of the cherry bark tortrix (=CBT), Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli) in North America have also included the search for potentially useful native hymenopterous parasitoids of the pest in Europe. The search for such agents undertaken in the central-east Europe (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary) resulted in determination of several ichneumonid species (Campoplex cf. dubitator Horst., Liotryphon sp., Lissonotus sp., Pimpla spuria (Grav.), Pimpla turionellae (L.), and some others, and a braconid (Apanteles britannicus Wilk.) in 2001–2002. 相似文献
15.
The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willing (Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), is a polyphagous pest that damages many tropical crops. It is native to Central America and spread to the Caribbean region and South America in the 1900s. Since then, it has accidentally been introduced to several islands in the Pacific region and some countries in Africa and Asia. The first record of this mealybug in Polynesia was in Hawaii, in 2004. This paper presents the first report of this pest in Tahiti (French Polynesia), where it was found in March 2017 on papaya (Carica papaya) and frangipani trees (Plumeria spp.). Its presence, which is mainly in the inhabited part of the island of Tahiti, suggests the recent introduction of the pest in French Polynesia. Several coccinellid predators have been found feeding on the mealybug in Tahiti: Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Hyperaspis pantherina and Scymnus spp. None of its parasitoids have been found yet. 相似文献
16.
考虑灌溉及气候变化条件下葡萄花翅小卷蛾在中国的潜在地理分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
葡萄花翅小卷蛾Lobesia botrana(DenisSchiffermüller,1775)是我国重要的检疫性害虫,目前尚未传入我国,为了解该害虫在中国的潜在地理分布,根据该物种在全球已知的最新分布情况,利用CLIMEX 4.0.2在考虑灌溉条件的情景下,预测其在不同气候条件下的潜在地理分布。结果显示,葡萄花翅小卷蛾在我国的潜在地理分布范围较广,我国的主要葡萄产区均为葡萄花翅小卷蛾的适生区,且随着气候变化,至2030年,葡萄花翅小卷蛾在我国黑龙江、青海、四川省的部分适生区有所增加,适生程度也有所提高。因此应加强对葡萄花翅小卷蛾的检疫力度,防止其传入我国,保护我国葡萄种植业的生产安全。 相似文献
17.
18.
The story of Prostephanus truncatus in Africa is described from its original outbreak in Tanzania in the late 1970s to the present day. Information is given on the differing control methods put in place by infested countries and how co-ordination of local programmes and inputs from technical assistance agencies was approached by an agencies. The influence of changes in development thinking on the management of storage pests is considered. The current status of P. truncatus is addressed, inlcuding its impact on the international maize trade, particularly that provided for famine relief. The introduction of Teretrius nigrescens as a biological control agent is described. We also provide some milestones in efforts to manage the pest, describe the effectiveness of pest management in terms of cost benefit and suggest some new avenues that may lead to a sustainable reductioning in P. truncatus in Africa. 相似文献
19.
为有效预警和防控突颊侧琵甲Prosodes(Lioprosodes)dilaticollis Motschulsky发生,基于该物种分布数据、1950―2000年环境下生物气候数据和典型受害区土壤因子数据、气象数据等,采用MaxEnt模型对其在新疆的潜在地理分布及其主要影响因子进行预测和分析验证。结果表明:受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under the ROC curve,AUC)都大于0.990,预测结果可靠。突颊侧琵甲的潜在分布区位于新疆天山一带,高、中度适生区分布在伊犁河谷草原和昌吉州玛纳斯县、呼图壁县草原及塔城地区沙湾县等地;刀切法得出降水量是影响其潜在地理分布的主要因素,特别是5、6、11、12月降水量的影响最大。该虫典型受害区的降水数据验证了分布概率响应曲线的准确性;土壤湿度在15%~30%范围时,30 cm处土壤湿度与虫口密度呈极显著弱正相关。表明降水作为影响草原土壤湿度、土壤含氧量的主要和直接因素,对不同生长期突颊侧琵甲生存起到重要作用。 相似文献
20.
This review deals with the biology and control of a biting pest species, Simulium posticatum, which has been responsible for a considerable degree of distress to the human population in the vicinity of the River Stour in Dorset. Each phase of the life cycle of the insect is considered in relation to possible control measures. An account is given of how this information has been combined with the use of Bacillus thuringiensis in a successful, precisely targeted attack on the pest. 相似文献