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奶牛饲料原料中霉菌毒素广泛存在,并严重地威胁着奶牛健康,影响着奶牛生产性能的发挥。本试验选择年龄、胎次、产奶量、泌乳天数相近的荷斯坦奶牛80头探讨日粮添加4种剂量（0g、10g、15g、20g）的霉菌毒素吸附剂对奶牛粪便中双歧杆菌数量和原料奶中黄曲霉毒素残留量的影响。与对照组（添加霉菌毒素吸附剂0g）相比,实验组奶牛粪便中双歧杆菌的外排量明显降低,但各实验组之间统计差异并不显著,仅有数值上的变化。同时,随着霉菌毒素吸附剂含量的增加,原料奶中体细胞数呈现下降的趋势。与试验前相比,原料奶中黄曲霉毒素含量显著降低（P〈0.05）,且随着添加剂量的增加其黄曲霉毒素残留量更少,但添加20g与添加15g相比并无明显变化。研究表明,随着日粮中霉菌毒素吸附剂不同量的添加,均可有效降低原料奶中黄曲霉毒素的残留量,进而提高原料奶质量。 相似文献
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奶牛专用霉菌毒素吸附剂对粪中双歧杆菌数量和乳中霉菌毒素含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
奶牛饲料原料中霉菌毒素广泛存在,并严重地威胁着奶牛健康,影响着奶牛生产性能的发挥.本试验选择年龄、胎次、产奶量、泌乳天数接近的荷斯坦奶牛50头和带有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳荷斯坦奶牛4头来探讨奶牛专用霉菌毒素吸附剂对奶牛粪便中双歧杆菌数量和原料奶中霉菌毒素残留量的影响.结果表明,添加霉菌毒素吸附剂可降低非瘘管奶牛粪便中双歧杆菌的外排量(P<0.05)和原料奶中体细胞数.非瘘管奶牛试验组隐性乳房炎较试验前降低了75.27%;同时,对照组试验前后原料奶中霉菌毒素含量未发生较大变化,但试验组试验后奶中霉菌毒素含量较试验前显著降低(P<0.05);其中黄曲霉毒素代谢产物AFM1降低了97.50%,玉米赤霉烯酮毒素降低了80.60%,呕吐毒素降低了92.86%.因此,本研究表明,日粮添加霉菌毒素吸附剂可有效降低霉菌毒素对试验奶牛的毒害和在原料奶中的残留量,进而提高了原料奶质量和该牧场的整体经济效益. 相似文献
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奶牛饲料原料中霉菌毒素广泛存在,并严重威胁着奶牛健康,影响奶牛生产性能的发挥.选择年龄、胎次、产奶量、泌乳天数接近的荷斯坦奶牛90头,随机分成两组,考察奶牛专用霉菌毒素吸附剂对乳牛生产性能的影响.在饲喂等量的基础日粮上,对照组额外添加20 g/d·头精料补充料,试验组添加霉菌毒素吸附剂--普乐菲特20g/d头·其他饲养管理方式不变.该试验预饲期7 d,试验期77 d.结果表明,霉菌毒素吸附剂的添加不影响乳脂、乳蛋白,但对提高产奶量及降低原料奶中体细胞数(P<0.05)有明显效果.研究表明,日粮添加霉菌毒素吸附剂可有效提高原料奶质量,提高牧场整体经济效益. 相似文献
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奶牛饲料原料中霉菌毒素广泛存在,并严重地威胁着奶牛健康,影响着奶牛生产性能的发挥。本试验选择年龄、胎次、产奶量、泌乳天数接近的荷斯坦奶牛90头,随机分成两组考察奶牛专用霉菌毒素吸附剂对乳牛生产性能的影响。在饲喂等量的基础日粮上,对照组额外添加20g/(d·头)精料补充料,试验组添加霉菌毒素吸附剂——普乐菲特20g/(d·头),其他饲养管理方式不变。该试验预饲期7d,试验期77d。结果表明,霉菌毒素吸附剂的添加不影响乳脂、乳蛋白,但对提高产奶量以及降低原料奶中体细胞数(P0.05)有明显的效果。本研究表明,日粮添加霉菌毒素吸附剂可有效提高原料奶质量,提高牧场整体经济效益。 相似文献
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为了研究含有黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的泌乳期奶牛日粮中添加不同梯度的抗霉菌毒素添加剂对牛奶中黄曲霉毒素(AFM1)浓度、奶牛生产性能和免疫性能的影响,试验选择经产泌乳后期奶牛(未怀孕)8头,随机分成2组,每组4个处理:①对照组(C):不含AFB1和抗霉菌毒素添加剂;②毒素组(T):75μg/kgAFB1(干物质基础)。③低浓度添加剂日粮(LC):75μg/kgAFB1+0.2%抗霉菌毒素添加剂;④高浓度添加剂日粮(HC):75μg/kgAFB1+1.0%抗霉菌毒素添加剂。日粮组成和营养水平满足或超过产奶量20kg/d的黑白花奶牛泌乳后期的营养需要(NRC,2001)。试验采用4×4拉丁方设计,共进行4期,每期12d。第6～9d在日粮中添加AFB1,每期前5d清除前1周期产奶中残留的AFM1,在每个试验期结束后,调换试牛,以使每头牛均能够接受4种不同的试验日粮。通过测定排泄物及牛奶中黄曲霉毒素浓度、产奶量及乳成分、血液中免疫细胞数量等的变化研究不同剂量抗霉菌毒素添加剂对牛奶中AFM1的影响。结果表明,日粮中添加AFB1降低了3.5%乳脂校正乳的产量,激化了奶牛体内免疫反应,增加了牛奶中AFM1浓度,并超过美国食品药品管理规定的正常水平。由于AFB1毒素比抗霉菌毒素添加剂提前15min喂饲,因此与毒素组相比,添加低剂量抗霉菌毒素添加剂不能降低牛奶中AFM1的浓度,而添加高剂量的抗霉菌毒素添加剂能降低牛奶中AFM的浓度。添加低剂量与高剂量的抗霉菌毒素添加剂都可以避免免疫反应的激化和乳脂校正乳产量的降低。 相似文献
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本试验通过分析日粮中添加纳米蒙脱石吸附剂后奶牛生产性能、牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1、血清中酶的活性以及血清中黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)的变化,研究吸附剂对奶牛日粮中黄曲霉毒素B_1的吸附效果。试验选取产奶量、泌乳天数和胎次相近的奶牛45头,随机分为3组,每组15头奶牛,每头奶牛一个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组在基础日粮中添加0.1 mg/kg的黄曲霉毒素标准品,试验Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加0.1 mg/kg的黄曲霉毒素标准品+3 g/kg的纳米蒙脱石吸附剂。预试期7 d,正式期14 d,共21 d。结果表明:(1)试验Ⅰ组的产奶量较对照组和试验Ⅱ组分别降低0.64 kg/d和0.50 kg/d (P <0.05);试验Ⅰ组的4%校正乳较对照组和试验Ⅱ组分别降低1.01 kg/d和0.65 kg/d (P <0.05);试验Ⅰ组牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1较对照组和试验Ⅱ组分别提高1.57μg/L和1.44μg/L(P <0.05),试验Ⅱ组稍高于对照组,但无显著差异(P> 0.05);三组之间干物质采食量(DMI)和各项乳成分均无显著差异。(2)试验Ⅰ组的谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性以及AFB_1含量分别高于对照组8.86、5.31、1.23 U/L(P <0.05);试验Ⅰ组的谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性以及AFB_1含量分别高于试验Ⅱ组8.64、4.25、1.20 U/L(P <0.05);对照组和试验Ⅱ组的各项指标均未产生显著性差异(P> 0.05)。综上所述,在日粮中添加0.1 mg/kg的黄曲霉毒素B_1,同时添加吸附剂可以显著减少奶牛产奶量的下降,对黄曲霉毒素起到很好的吸附效果,牛奶中黄曲霉毒素B_1的含量低于国家最高限量标准。 相似文献
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Li Min Johanna Fink-Gremmels Dagang Li Xiong Tong Jing Tang Xuemei Nan Zhongtang Yu Weidong Chen Gang Wang 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(1):42
Milk is considered a perfect natural food for humans and animals. However, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminating the feeds fed to lactating dairy cows can introduce aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), the main toxic metabolite of aflatoxins into the milk, consequently posing a risk to human health. As a result of AFM1 monitoring in raw milk worldwide, it is evident that high AFM1 concentrations exist in raw milk in many countries. Thus, the incidence of AFM1 in milk from dairy cows should not be underestimated. To further optimize the intervention strategies, it is necessary to better understand the metabolism of AFB1 and its biotransformation into AFM1 and the specific secretion pathways in lactating dairy cows. The metabolism of AFB1 and its biotransformation into AFM1 in lactating dairy cows are drawn in this review. Furthermore, recent data provide evidence that in the mammary tissue of lactating dairy cows, aflatoxins significantly increase the activity of a protein, ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2 (ABCG2), an efflux transporter known to facilitate the excretion of various xenobiotics and veterinary drugs into milk. Further research should focus on identifying and understanding the factors that affect the expression of ABCG2 in the mammary gland of cows. 相似文献
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奶牛摄入含有较高黄曲霉菌及毒素的饲料,奶牛代谢功能受到损害,抑制免疫机能,使得乳房炎增加,产奶量下降及奶牛体质下降。黄曲霉毒素B1在奶牛体内转换为黄曲霉毒素M1,并分布在牛奶中,人食用含有超标黄曲霉毒素Ml的牛奶后,能使人发生肝炎、肝癌[1]。作者从事奶牛科学养殖技术服务工作,为了预防和控制奶牛场黄曲霉毒素的危害,提供有关黄曲霉素危害、预防控制措施,有一定的利用性。 相似文献
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目的:研究酶制剂对泌乳奶牛生产性能和疾病的影响.方法:选取28头泌乳荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组,每组14头.2组奶牛在全混合日粮上分别添加0、20 g/(头·d)复合酶制剂FE907,实验期4周.结果:实验组奶牛日均产乳量提高了1.6 kg/d(P＞0.05);实验组乳脂率比对照组提高0.08％,乳脂量提高0.09 kg/d,差异显著(P＜0.05),乳蛋白率提高0.06％,乳蛋白量提高0.07 kg/d,经济效益每天每头奶牛比对照组多盈利6.28元.结论:奶牛日粮中添加20 g/(头·d)的奶牛复合酶制剂FE907,可以提高产乳量,改善乳成分,提高经济效益,同时,可以在一定程度上降低患乳房炎的风险. 相似文献
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Caroprese M Albenzio M Marino R Santillo A Sevi A 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):202-209
The objective of the study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with glutamine on the immune function and milk production of dairy cows. The experiment involved 24 Friesian cows, divided into three groups of eight each, according to the level of rumen-protected glutamine supplementation: a diet with no supplementation (Control), a diet supplemented with 160 g/day/cow (G160) and a diet supplemented with 320 g/day/cow (G320). At 0, 30, and 60 days of the experiment, lymphocyte response to phytohemoagglutinin (PHA) was determined in vivo for each animal. Humoral response to chicken egg albumin (OVA) and interleukin - (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 plasma levels were measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. Results demonstrate that supplementing 160 g/day/cow of glutamine can modulate immune responses of dairy cows and enhance the amino acid profile of cow milk. 相似文献
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Gonzalez M Barkema HW Keefe GP 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2005,46(10):910-912
An acute onset of illness was reported in a lactating dairy herd in Canada in which monensin had been incorporated in error in its ration at almost 10 times the prescribed level. All of the lactating cows became lethargic, were inappetant, developed diarrhea, and had decreased milk production from 28 kg/cow/day, the day before exposure, to 23 kg/cow/day, 3 d later. Within 9 d, all animals recovered from the incident and milk production returned to previous levels. 相似文献
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When aflatoxin-contaminated grain is consumed by dairy cows, aflatoxin M1 is excreted in the milk. Sixteen neonatal male Holstein calves were given milk which had been collected from cows given 5 to 6 mg of aflatoxin B1 each day. The calves were examined for possible detrimental effects of the mycotoxin at pseudophysiologic concentrations. Calves were allotted to 1 of 4 groups given different milk dietary aflatoxin M1 concentrations: group 1--given 0 microgram of aflatoxin M1/L (undetectable); group 2--given 0.5 microgram/L; group 3--given 1 microgram/L; and group 4--given 2 micrograms/L. Whole milk equal to 8% of body weight was fed daily and adjusted each week to maintain this ratio. Water and a 15% crude protein complete calf starter ration were offered ad libitum for the 6-week feeding study. Weekly blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture and analyzed for serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Daily means for milk dry matter intake (in kg) and complete ration intake (in kg) for the calf groups were as follows: 0.46 and 0.36 for group 1; 0.46 and 0.25 for group 2; 0.42 and 0.18 for group 3; and 0.49 and 0.40 for group 4. Significant differences in complete ration and total dry matter intake were noted. The average daily gains (in kg) and gains in height at withers (in cm) were 0.39 and 4.1 for group 1; 0.36 and 4.0 for group 2; 0.29 and 5.7 for group 3; and 0.42 and 5.1 for group 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献