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《新疆农垦科技》2017,(9)
本试验以代表性粒用高粱和秆用高粱为材料,采用大田试验和室内考种方法,探讨粒用高粱和秆用高粱在生物学性状、形态特征及产量性状等方面的差异,结果表明,在同样生态条件和栽培条件下,2种高粱生育期进程、生育期长短存在着较大差异。其主要农艺性状及产量存在的差异主要表现在:秆用高粱生物产量比粒用高粱高3~5倍,但籽粒产量较粒用高粱低;秆用高粱茎秆富含糖分,可以作为工业原料生物能源,粒用高粱茎秆几乎不含糖分,不能作为生物能源。秆用高粱雷伊品种生物产量高达16.25 t,茎秆含糖高达18.3%以上,可推荐作为秆用高粱种植的首选品种;粒用高粱561品种的籽粒产量高达1 019 kg/667 m~2,可以作为粒用高粱种植的首选品种。 相似文献
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黑龙江省农科院近年来选育了适于酿酒的优质、高产的高粱杂交种,下面将这些酿造高粱杂交种作一简要介绍,以供生产参考。1 龙杂1号 为中熟的中高秆杂交种,1989年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。 相似文献
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种植密度对高粱群体生理指标及产量影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确种植密度与高粱产量和产量构成因素以及群体光合生理指标的关系,以极早熟高粱杂交种‘通早2’为试验作物,采用大田试验方法,研究了不同种植密度对高粱生长、产量及其构成因素、及群体光合生理指标的影响。试验采用随机区组设计,3次重复。试验设15万株/hm2、18万株/hm2、21万株/hm2、24万株/hm2和27万株/hm25个种植密度,结果表明：随种植密度的增加,株高增高,茎粗变细。单株干物质量、群体净同化率、群体生长率显著下降。叶面积指数、叶片光合势及总光合势随种植密度的增加而显著上升;种植密度在15万~21万株/hm2时,籽粒产量随种植密度的增加而增加,种植密度持续增加,籽粒产量呈下降趋势,且各处理之间籽粒产量差异显著。随着种植密度增加,单位面积穗数相应增加,单株穗粒重、千粒重随种植密度的增加而逐渐降低,且各处理之间达到显著水平。本试验研究结果表明,‘通早2’种植密度为21万株/hm2,株行距9.5 cm×60 cm时,能更好地协调群体结构,使籽粒产量达到较高水平。 相似文献
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发展甜高梁生产几个问题的思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作为新的替代能源,乙醇汽油的发展日渐引起了人们的广泛关注。甜高粱作为乙醇生产的重要原料,由于它是以作物茎秆为原料,另外还可以收到一定数量的粮食,从目前生产上应用的品种来看,无论是常规品种还是杂交种,均为粮秆兼用型,因而完全符合“乙醇的生产以非粮物质为原料”的要求。除此之外,还由于高粱作物在我国栽培历史悠久、种植经验丰富, 相似文献
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中国杂交高粱的种质基础及优势利用模式研究 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
中国高粱生产中应用的细胞质有A1和A2两种类型。不育系的细胞核有南非高粱核体系、中国高粱核体系、倾向南非高粱核体系和印度高粱核体系。恢复系的种质主要是中国高粱和倾中国高粱类型。杂种优势利用模式主要是南非高粱×中国高粱,中国高粱×中国高粱,倾南非高粱×倾中国高粱,印度高粱×倾中国高粱。植株高度由高秆改良成中秆,使产量大幅度提高。不育系改良应以印度高粱与南非高粱或印度高粱杂交为主,恢复系改良应以中国高粱与亨加利高粱或中国高粱杂交为主,这样可保持两亲间的遗传差异,以便配制出高产杂交种。 相似文献
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在种植过程中，为了明确种植密度、高粱产量、产量构成与群体光合生理指标的关联，采用大田试验方式，随机区组设计，进行比对研究。研究得出，随着种植密度的提升，籽粒产量会明显改变。研究结论为相关人员提供参考，便于后续开展科学合理的种植工作。 相似文献
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一、“两杂”种子在我省粮食生产中的重要地位杂种优势的利用,是二十世纪育种上的最突出成就。我省从1960年开始推广玉米杂交种、1965年开始推广高粱杂交种以来取得了很大成绩。现阶段,全省常年种植玉米、高粱面积达1200万亩以上(其中玉米930万亩左右,高粱280万亩左右),占粮食作 相似文献
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高粱品种克杂15号于2017年通过国家登记审核,该品种属于酿造型杂交种,其突出特点是产量高,秆强耐密植,适合机械化收获,适宜在黑龙江省第三积温带春播种植。从前茬作物选择、整地、种子处理、播种时期、种植密度、平衡施肥、中耕管理、化学除草、病虫害防治、适时收获以及秸秆处理等方面阐述了克杂15号配套高产高效种植技术,为黑龙江省高粱产业持续发展及农民选种提供参考依据,进而实现高粱增产、农民增收。 相似文献
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甜高粱与粒用高粱茎秆生长过程中糖及其代谢相关酶活性的比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以粒用高粱和甜高粱为材料,对甜高粱与粒用高梁不同时期茎秆的可溶性糖含量、蔗糖含量、果糖含量及SS、SPS酶活力进行比较,结果表明:茎秆中的可溶性糖含量、果糖含量在完熟期甜高粱高于粒用高粱,乳熟期茎秆中蔗糖含量甜高粱高于粒用高粱;两种高粱类型的SPS酶活力变化趋势基本相似,从乳熟期到完熟期粒用高粱茎秆中的SPS酶活力明显增高,SS酶活力在粒用高粱茎秆中随生育期呈上升趋势,甜高粱茎秆中SS酶活力到乳熟期达到最大,明显高于粒用高粱.对糖含量与其相关代谢酶活力的相关性分析表明:甜高粱茎秆中利用SPS酶合成蔗糖的效率要高于粒用高粱;两种类型高粱的SS酶活力与其茎秆中的果糖含量存在明显差异,SS的作用模式不同. 相似文献
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高粱籽粒果皮和种皮性状与单宁含量的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据直观观察对一些常用高粱品种的籽粒性状基因型做了推测,并将其结果与单宁含量测定结果一起进行了综合分析.试验结果证明,高粱种皮的存在并不必然导致高单宁含量.紫色种皮和深色果皮无种皮的高粱都只含极少量的单宁(分酚).根据这一结果,我们对高粱籽粒分类和高粱品质育种工作中对于籽粒性状的选择提出了一些新的观点,旨在为解决食用、饲用高粱的籽粒品质育种与抗鸟害和病虫害育种之间的矛盾开辟一条新的途径. 相似文献
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Kimberley B. Ritter C. Lynne McIntyre Ian D. Godwin David R. Jordan Scott C. Chapman 《Euphytica》2007,157(1-2):161-176
Compared to grain sorghums, sweet sorghums typically have lower grain yield and thick, tall stalks which accumulate high levels of sugar (sucrose, fructose and glucose). Unlike commercial grain sorghum (S. bicolor ssp. bicolor) cultivars, which are usually F1 hybrids, commercial sweet sorghums were selected as wild accessions or have undergone limited plant breeding. Although all sweet sorghums are classified within S. bicolor ssp. bicolor, their genetic relationship with grain sorghums is yet to be investigated. Ninety-five genotypes, including 31 sweet sorghums and 64 grain sorghums, representing all five races within the subspecies bicolor, were screened with 277 polymorphic amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Cluster analysis separated older sweet sorghum accessions (collected in mid 1800s) from those developed and released during the early to mid 1900s. These groups were emphasised in a principle component analysis of the results such that sweet sorghum lines were largely distinguished from the others, particularly by a group of markers located on sorghum chromosomes SBI-08 and SBI-10. Other studies have shown that QTL and ESTs for sugar-related traits, as well as for height and anthesis, map to SBI-10. Although the clusters obtained did not group clearly on the basis of racial classification, the sweet sorghum lines often cluster with grain sorghums of similar racial origin thus suggesting that sweet sorghum is of polyphyletic origin within S. bicolor ssp. bicolor 相似文献
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Yield enhancement by short‐term imposition of severe water deficit in the vegetative growth stage of grain sorghum 
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下载免费PDF全文 Water deficit is generally thought to negatively impact crop yields, including grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), but a small body of literature reports changes in crop physiology and growth in plants with short‐term imposition of water deficit during vegetative development that could lead to increased yield. In a replicated and repeated pot experiment in which water deficit was imposed for 10‐day periods in grain sorghum plants that were otherwise well‐watered, we tested the hypothesis that relatively severe, short‐term water deficit imposed during early vegetative development could enhance grain sorghum yield. The results showed that severe water deficit (~30% of control ET) imposed during two vegetative periods enhanced grain yield compared to continuously well‐watered plants by 21% (p = .0356). Grain yield was correlated with average grain weight, grain number per head and shoot‐to‐root ratio. Yield enhancement was associated with a substantial shift in resource partitioning, as water deficit reduced root mass (p = .0032), stem/leaf mass (p < .0001) and total biomass (p = .0005), resulting in a 60% increase in harvest index. Imposition of water stress during vegetative growth in sorghum can increase grain yield. 相似文献
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Exogenous Glycinebetaine Enhances Grain Yield of Maize, Sorghum and Wheat Grown Under Two Supplementary Watering Regimes 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
P. C. Agboma M. G. K. Jones P. Peltonen-Sainio H. Rita E. Pehu 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1997,178(1):29-37
Drought occurring at critical growth and developmental stages in cereals affects productivity by reducing biomass accumulation, grain set, and grain yield and quality. Maize (cv. SR-73), sorghum (cv. Trump), and wheat (cv. Spear) were established in drought-prone field conditions in Perth, Western Australia, in l994. The plants were then subjected to optimal and suboptimal supplementary watering regimes at growth stages that were sensitive to water availability. Glycinebetaine in aqueous solution was applied to leaves at three rates (2, 4 and 6 kg ha?1 and a control) to establish whether its application could ameliorate the effects of drought on the yield of the crops. Above-ground biomass production was measured at the beginning and at termination of the watering regimes. Leaf tissue glycinebetaine concentrations were determined 1 and 3 weeks after application. At physiological maturity, grains from the crops were harvested and grain yield, number of grains m?2 and single grain weight were recorded. Drought significantly reduced above-ground biomass production in maize (P = 0.047), but not in sorghum and wheat. Grain yield of maize, number of grains m?2 of maize and sorghum, and single grain weight of sorghum were significantly depressed by drought. Foliar application of aqueous glycinebetaine marginally enhanced biomass production in the three crops and significantly increased grain yield of maize (P = 0.001) and sorghum (P = 0.003). It also resulted in more grains m?2 of maize, sorghum and wheat (P = 0.001, 0.001 and 0.003, respectively), with interactions between water and glycinebetaine treatments for sorghum and wheat (P = 0.001 and 0.001. respectively). Residual tissue glycinebetaine levels remained high 3 weeks after application to the crops. The positive effects of glycinebetaine treatment appear to be linked to its physiological role as a plant osmoticum that improves drought tolerance. The results of these studies suggest that foliar application of glycinebetaine may be used to improve drought tolerance and economic yield of maize and sorghum, but not of wheat. Increased grain yield was associated with more grains m?2 rather than greater single grain weight. 相似文献
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酿造高粱肥料高效利用研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探讨本栽培区域 N、 P、 K肥对酿造高粱产量的影响, 寻求获得高产的 N、 P、 K肥配方, 本试验采用 “3414” 设计方案, 以 ‘晋杂 23号’ 为试验品种, 在山西省农科院经济作物研究所试验田研究了不同N、 P、 K肥配方对试验品种农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明： 不同施肥处理高粱农艺性状、 穗粒重、 千粒重都高于对照(N0P0K0), 但方差分析表明差异不显著; 在一定的肥力基础上, 增加肥料投入比不施肥可获得较高产量; 施用氮肥和磷肥对于提高籽粒产量具有显著的作用, 但随着氮肥施用量的增加, 高粱籽粒产量显著降低; 在本试验条件下, 以 N 施用量为 96 kg/hm2, P2O5施用量为 76 kg/hm2, K2O 施用量为60 kg/hm2是高粱获得高产量、 低成本、 高收益的合理配方。 相似文献
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Sorghum midge (Stenodiplosis sorghicola Coquillett) is an important pest of grain sorghum worldwide. Several sources of resistance to sorghum midge have been identified
in the world sorghum germplasm collection, of which some lines show a susceptible reaction in Kenya. Therefore, we studied
the insect density damage relationships for a diverse array of midge-resistant and midge-susceptible sorghum genotypes, and
variation in association of glume and grain characteristics with expression of resistance to sorghum midge. AF 28 and IS 8891
showed resistance to sorghum midge both in India and Kenya; DJ 6514 and ICSV 197, which are highly resistant to sorghum midge
in India, showed a susceptible reaction at Alupe, Kenya. Sorghum midge damage in general was greater in Kenya than that observed
in India at the same level of midge density suggesting that the breakdown of resistance in Kenya is due to factors other than
insect density. Glume length, glume breadth, and glume area were positively associated with susceptibility to sorghum midge
at both locations. However, under natural infestation, the correlation coefficients were stronger in India than in Kenya.
Grain mass at 3 and 6 days after anthesis was positively associated with susceptibility to midge in India, but did not show
any association with midge damage in Kenya. Grain growth rate between 3 and 6 days after anthesis was more strongly correlated
with susceptibility to midge in Kenya than in India. Variation in the reaction of sorghum genotypes across locations may be
partly due to the influence of environment on association between glume and grain characteristics with susceptibility to sorghum
midge, in addition to the possible differences in midge populations in different geographical regions.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Gram sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is grown on marginal land and johnsongrass [Sorghum haiepense (L.) Pers] is the most common and hard to control weed in this crop. The agronomic performance of gram sorghum at different nitrogen (N) and johnsongrass infestation levels in the field has not been adequately investigated. Therefore, research was conducted on a Decatur silty clay loam soil (Rhodic Paleudult) to determine the influence of N rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 ) and johnsongrass infestation levels (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 plants per 5 m crop row) on the growth and yield of grain sorghum (cv. GK522G) and johnsongrass. Increase in N rates increased seed weight, seed yield and percent protein in grain sorghum as well as dry matter and percent protein of johnsongrass. The increase in johnsongrass infestation (from 0 to 8 plants per 5 m crop row) significantly decreased the performance of grain sorghum and johnsongrass at all the N rates. The results suggest that 40 kg N ha-1 with up to 2 johnsongrass plants per 5 m crop row or 80 kg N ha-1 with up to 4 johnsongrass plants per 5 m crop row produced grain sorghum yields equivalent to absence of johnsongrass in the crop. 相似文献
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为了研究灌浆期干旱对高粱籽粒淀粉积累的影响,以高淀粉高粱品种铁杂17（TZ17）和低淀粉品种辽杂11（LZ11）为试验材料,在灌浆的早期、中期、后期进行干旱胁迫,通过测定2个高粱品种的总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量及产量指标,研究灌浆期干旱胁迫对高粱籽粒淀粉积累及产量形成的影响。结果表明,2个高粱品种的总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量及产量均受干旱影响呈减少的变化趋势。灌浆期不同阶段干旱胁迫对淀粉积累的影响程度主要表现为灌浆早期>灌浆中期>灌浆后期;高淀粉品种（TZ17）比低淀粉品种（LZ11）更易受到干旱胁迫的影响;干旱胁迫下淀粉指标的变异系数依次为直链淀粉>支链淀粉/直链淀粉>总淀粉>支链淀粉,表明直链淀粉比支链淀粉更易受干旱胁迫的影响;灌浆期干旱胁迫影响籽粒淀粉的积累,降低了千粒重,最终影响高粱的籽粒产量。 相似文献