共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
在分析铲式成穴器结构参数基础上,运用Pro/E的Program及其他相关功能,通过编程的方法,将参数转化为输入提示,以达到良好的人机交互界面,实现铲式成穴器的参数化设计,并快速建立相应的模型库;在装配模型中,应用Execute命令,以实现装配模型和零件之间参数的传递,使铲式成穴器的设计更方便、更快捷。 相似文献
2.
The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a universally conserved ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to cellular membranes. A crucial early step in SRP assembly in archaea and eukarya is the binding of protein SRP19 to specific sites on SRP RNA. Here we report the 1.8 angstrom resolution crystal structure of human SRP19 in complex with its primary binding site on helix 6 of SRP RNA, which consists of a stem-loop structure closed by an unusual GGAG tetraloop. Protein-RNA interactions are mediated by the specific recognition of a widened major groove and the tetraloop without any direct protein-base contacts and include a complex network of highly ordered water molecules. A model of the assembly of the SRP core comprising SRP19, SRP54, and SRP RNA based on crystallographic and biochemical data is proposed. 相似文献
3.
Predicting structure from the attributes of a material's building blocks remains a challenge and central goal for materials science. Isolating the role of building block shape for self-assembly provides insight into the ordering of molecules and the crystallization of colloids, nanoparticles, proteins, and viruses. We investigated 145 convex polyhedra whose assembly arises solely from their anisotropic shape. Our results demonstrate a remarkably high propensity for thermodynamic self-assembly and structural diversity. We show that from simple measures of particle shape and local order in the fluid, the assembly of a given shape into a liquid crystal, plastic crystal, or crystal can be predicted. 相似文献
4.
Hierarchical self-assembly offers a powerful strategy for producing molecular nanostructures. Although widely used, the mechanistic details of self-assembly processes are poorly understood. We spectroscopically monitored a nucleation process in the self-assembly of p-conjugated molecules into helical supramolecular fibrillar structures. The data support a nucleation-growth pathway that gives rise to a remarkably high degree of cooperativity. Furthermore, we characterize a helical transition in the nucleating species before growth. The self-assembly process depends strongly on solvent structure, suggesting that an organized shell of solvent molecules plays an explicit role in rigidifying the aggregates and guiding them toward further assembly into bundles and/or gels. 相似文献
5.
RNA-protein interactions in 30S ribosomal subunits: folding and function of 16S rRNA 总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34
Chemical probing methods have been used to "footprint" 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at each step during the in vitro assembly of twenty 30S subunit ribosomal proteins. These experiments yield information about the location of each protein relative to the structure of 16S rRNA and provide the basis for derivation of a detailed model for the three-dimensional folding of 16S rRNA. Several lines of evidence suggest that protein-dependent conformational changes in 16S rRNA play an important part in the cooperativity of ribosome assembly and in fine-tuning of the conformation and dynamics of 16S rRNA in the 30S subunit. 相似文献
6.
Many bacterial pathogens have long, slender pili through which they adhere to host cells. The crystal structure of the major pilin subunit from the Gram-positive human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes at 2.2 angstroms resolution reveals an extended structure comprising two all-beta domains. The molecules associate in columns through the crystal, with each carboxyl terminus adjacent to a conserved lysine of the next molecule. This lysine forms the isopeptide bonds that link the subunits in native pili, validating the relevance of the crystal assembly. Each subunit contains two lysine-asparagine isopeptide bonds generated by an intramolecular reaction, and we find evidence for similar isopeptide bonds in other cell surface proteins of Gram-positive bacteria. The present structure explains the strength and stability of such Gram-positive pili and could facilitate vaccine development. 相似文献
7.
The crystal structure of dihydrouridine hemihydrate has been determined by x-ray diffraction. Crystals of dihydrouridine contain two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit and a molecule of water. The x-ray structure determination has shown that the conformations of both molecules differ in important respects in the saturated base and the ribose. The molecular conformation of dihydrouridine has, for the first time, provided structural evidence that the rare nucleoside can proinote "loop" formation in the sugar-phosphate chain. 相似文献
8.
Gu S Rumpel S Zhou J Strotmeier J Bigalke H Perry K Shoemaker CB Rummel A Jin R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6071):977-981
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are highly poisonous substances that are also effective medicines. Accidental BoNT poisoning often occurs through ingestion of Clostridium botulinum-contaminated food. Here, we present the crystal structure of a BoNT in complex with a clostridial nontoxic nonhemagglutinin (NTNHA) protein at 2.7 angstroms. Biochemical and functional studies show that NTNHA provides large and multivalent binding interfaces to protect BoNT from gastrointestinal degradation. Moreover, the structure highlights key residues in BoNT that regulate complex assembly in a pH-dependent manner. Collectively, our findings define the molecular mechanisms by which NTNHA shields BoNT in the hostile gastrointestinal environment and releases it upon entry into the circulation. These results will assist in the design of small molecules for inhibiting oral BoNT intoxication and of delivery vehicles for oral administration of biologics. 相似文献
9.
Donohue J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,166(3908):1000-1002
A structure for "polywater" is proposed. It consists of hydrogen-bonded clusters of water molecules lying at the vertices of rhombic dodecahedra. This structure contains features which are less unattractive than those which are part of several earlier models. 相似文献
10.
A method of constructing <30-nanometer structures in close proximity with precise spacings is presented that uses the step-by-step application of organic molecules and metal ions as size-controlled resists on predetermined patterns, such as those formed by electron-beam lithography. The organic molecules serve as a ruler for scaling down a larger "parent" structure. After metal deposition and lift-off of the organic multilayer resist, an isolated smaller structure remains on the surface. This approach is used to form thin parallel wires (15 to 70 nanometers in width and 1 micrometer long) of controlled thickness and spacing. The structures obtained were imaged with field emission scanning electron microscopy. A variety of nanostructures could be scaled down, including structures with hollow patterns. 相似文献
11.
12.
在计算机辅助设计装配体设计中，必须建立一个有效合理的装配体数据结构。本文从装配体拆卸出发，构建了一个装配体的二叉树结构模型。通过对该结构的后序遍历，自动生成装配序列，能有效地描述装配体。 相似文献
13.
Transfectomas provide novel chimeric antibodies 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
S L Morrison 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,229(4719):1202-1207
Methods have been developed to transfect immunoglobulin genes into lymphoid cells. The transfected genes are faithfully expressed, and assembly can occur both between the transfected and endogenous chains and between two transfected chains. Gene transfection can be used to reconstitute immunoglobulin molecules and to produce novel immunoglobulin molecules. These novel molecules can represent unique combinations of heavy and light chains; alternatively, by means of recombinant DNA technology, genes can be assembled in vitro, transfected, and expressed. The end products of such manipulations include chimeric molecules with variable regions joined to different isotypic constant regions; this is possible both within and between species. It is also possible to synthesize altered immunoglobulin molecules, as well as molecules having immunoglobulin sequences fused with nonimmunoglobulin sequences (for example, enzyme sequences). 相似文献
14.
Grigoryan G Kim YH Acharya R Axelrod K Jain RM Willis L Drndic M Kikkawa JM DeGrado WF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6033):1071-1076
There is a general need for the engineering of protein-like molecules that organize into geometrically specific superstructures on molecular surfaces, directing further functionalization to create richly textured, multilayered assemblies. Here we describe a computational approach whereby the surface properties and symmetry of a targeted surface define the sequence and superstructure of surface-organizing peptides. Computational design proceeds in a series of steps that encode both surface recognition and favorable intersubunit packing interactions. This procedure is exemplified in the design of peptides that assemble into a tubular structure surrounding single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The geometrically defined, virus-like coating created by these peptides converts the smooth surfaces of SWNTs into highly textured assemblies with long-scale order, capable of directing the assembly of gold nanoparticles into helical arrays along the SWNT axis. 相似文献
15.
Defective presentation of endogenous antigen by a cell line expressing class I molecules 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules associated with antigenic peptides derived from endogenously synthesized proteins. Binding to such peptides is a requirement for class I assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A mutant human cell line, T2, assembles and transports to its surface some, but not all, class I MHC molecules. The class I molecules expressed on the surface of T2 do not present peptides derived from cytosolic antigens, although they can present exogenously added peptides to CTL. The transported class I molecules may interact weakly with an unknown retaining factor in the ER such that they can assemble despite the relative shortage of peptides. 相似文献
16.
Two structurally homologous guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) domains interact directly during signal recognition particle (SRP)-mediated cotranslational targeting of proteins to the membrane. The 2.05 angstrom structure of a complex of the NG GTPase domains of Ffh and FtsY reveals a remarkably symmetric heterodimer sequestering a composite active site that contains two bound nucleotides. The structure explains the coordinate activation of the two GTPases. Conformational changes coupled to formation of their extensive interface may function allosterically to signal formation of the targeting complex to the signal-sequence binding site and the translocon. We propose that the complex represents a molecular "latch" and that its disengagement is regulated by completion of assembly of the GTPase active site. 相似文献
17.
Patel SD Rajala MW Rossetti L Scherer PE Shapiro L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5674):1154-1158
Resistin, founding member of the resistin-like molecule (RELM) hormone family, is secreted selectively from adipocytes and induces liver-specific antagonism of insulin action, thus providing a potential molecular link between obesity and diabetes. Crystal structures of resistin and RELMbeta reveal an unusual multimeric structure. Each protomer comprises a carboxy-terminal disulfide-rich beta-sandwich "head" domain and an amino-terminal alpha-helical "tail" segment. The alpha-helical segments associate to form three-stranded coiled coils, and surface-exposed interchain disulfide linkages mediate the formation of tail-to-tail hexamers. Analysis of serum samples shows that resistin circulates in two distinct assembly states, likely corresponding to hexamers and trimers. Infusion of a resistin mutant, lacking the intertrimer disulfide bonds, in pancreatic-insulin clamp studies reveals substantially more potent effects on hepatic insulin sensitivity than those observed with wild-type resistin. This result suggests that processing of the intertrimer disulfide bonds may reflect an obligatory step toward activation. 相似文献
18.
Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of the folding of a globular protein, apoplastocyanin, have been undertaken in the context of a new lattice model of proteins that includes both side chains and a-carbon backbone atoms and that can approximate native conformations at the level of 2 angstroms (root mean square) or better. Starting from random-coil unfolded states, the model apoplastocyanin was folded to a native conformation that is topologically similar to the real protein. The present simulations used a marginal propensity for local secondary structure consistent with but by no means enforcing the native conformation and a full hydrophobicity scale in which any nonbonded pair of side chains could interact. These molecules folded through a punctuated on-site mechanism of assembly where folding initiated at or near one of the turns ultimately found in the native conformation. Thus these simulations represent a partial solution to the globular-protein folding problem. 相似文献
19.
以瓯江彩鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.color)为研究对象,探讨了目前两种常用的转录组拼接方法在鲤的不同品种/品系转录组研究上的适用性。结果表明,在转录组拼接和注释方面,基于序列比对优先策略(Cufflinks软件)拼接的转录组序列平均长度为1 545 bp,注释77 601个转录本;基于从头拼接策略(Trinity软件)拼接的转录组序列平均长度为979 bp,注释转录本数为69 406个。在基因结构和选择性剪切预测方面,Cufflinks软件所拼接的转录组,每个基因平均含有3个转录本数目,而对于Trinity版本转录组,每个基因平均含有4个转录本(P0.001)。经比较发现Cufflinks版本转录组预测的基因结构较Trinity版本更加准确。因此,与从头拼接策略相比,序列比对优先策略所拼接的瓯江彩鲤转录本序列长度更长、注释的基因数目更多,且在基因结构和选择性剪切预测方面更为准确,适用于后续与功能基因表达相关的功能研究;相反,从头拼接策略拼接的转录组更易得到瓯江彩鲤的特异基因序列,对于后续需要利用瓯江彩鲤特异基因序列进行分子进化相关的研究非常重要。本文的研究结果为根据不同的实验目的合理地选用相应的转录组拼接方法提供了依据,也为其他鱼类转录组学研究提供了借鉴。 相似文献
20.
Costello EK Stagaman K Dethlefsen L Bohannan BJ Relman DA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6086):1255-1262
The human-microbial ecosystem plays a variety of important roles in human health and disease. Each person can be viewed as an island-like "patch" of habitat occupied by microbial assemblages formed by the fundamental processes of community ecology: dispersal, local diversification, environmental selection, and ecological drift. Community assembly theory, and metacommunity theory in particular, provides a framework for understanding the ecological dynamics of the human microbiome, such as compositional variability within and between hosts. We explore three core scenarios of human microbiome assembly: development in infants, representing assembly in previously unoccupied habitats; recovery from antibiotics, representing assembly after disturbance; and invasion by pathogens, representing assembly in the context of invasive species. Judicious application of ecological theory may lead to improved strategies for restoring and maintaining the microbiota and the crucial health-associated ecosystem services that it provides. 相似文献