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Conservation prioritization is an important consideration for planning of natural resources management, allowing decison makers to implement management strategies that are more sustainable in the long-term. However, only a current erosion status or a relative index cannot exactly identify priority area for conservation. The objective of this paper is to identify conservation priorities by a specific multicriteria evaluation method. Trends in erosion risk indicate regions of increasing erosion risk and are also chosen as one of the evaluation criteria to identify the priorities based on the instability of soil erosion in the Yongding river basin. In this paper, vegetation cover, land-use, and slope gradient are used to assess erosion risk and trends in erosion risk are obtained by comparing the results of erosion risk between 2000 and 2006. Using this information, the priority conservation areas are graded into six levels. The two highest priority levels cover the regions with severe erosion or a substantial recent increase in erosion risk (4722.56 km2, or 11.82% of the study area), and are recommended as erosion control regions with appropriate conservation strategies. The middle two levels cover the regions with stable erosion status or slight change, needing only minor measures. The method presented is fast and straightforward, showing good potential for successful application in other areas. 相似文献
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Mohboobeh Tayebi Mohammad H. Tayebi Abdolmajid Sameni 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(8):1163-1175
This study employs the Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) model with geographic information system to assess soil erosion risk for restoring and protecting areas within the Bonrod Zangane watershed, western Shiraz, Iran. Actual soil erosion risk was determined by combining two main parameters including potential soil erosion risk and vegetation cover. The potential soil erosion risk was generated by integrating soil erodibility, erosivity and slope parameters. Soil texture, depth and stoniness layers were overlaid to form a soil erodibility map. Modified Fournier index and Bagnouls–Gaussen aridity index were integrated to generate the erosivity layer. The slope classes also were generated from digital elevation model. In order to estimate vegetative land cover, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used. The raster-based layers were then integrated to produce erosion risk map. The results showed that 34.7% of the study area has high and only 31.4% of the study area has low soil erosion risk. It is concluded that CORINE model can be used to delineate the soil erosion risk and also to discriminate the potential soil erosion risk areas. 相似文献
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喀斯特地区不同降雨和植被覆盖的坡面产流产沙特征 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
[目的]分析不同降雨类型下的径流和产沙量特征,及其在不同植被覆盖类型和植被覆盖度下的响应,为喀斯特地区黄壤坡面在不同降雨和植被覆盖条件下的产流和产沙量动态特征研究提供理论基础。[方法]以贵州省黔南州龙里县羊鸡冲小流域2014—2018年径流小区实测数据为基础,基于均值分类的方法,将研究区降雨类型划分为4类,对各指标进行相关性分析、回归模型模拟以及指数函数分析。[结果]不同降雨对研究区产流产沙的影响程度不同,不同植被覆盖类型下降雨特征对产流产沙的影响存在明显的差异。总体上A型降雨(极强雨强,极大降雨量、中等降雨历时的低频次降雨事件)更容易造成侵蚀性危害,该条件下坡面产流和产沙量之间显著相关,并且经果林表现出极好的水土保持效果;B型降雨(强雨强,中等降雨量、短降雨历时的高频次降雨事件)为该地区主要降雨类型;在4种降雨条件下,混交林的水土保持效果优于其他植被覆盖类型。产沙量与雨强、径流深正相关,和植被覆盖度负相关,对产沙量的影响为:径流深平均雨强植被覆盖度。当植被覆盖度到达80%左右,其削减径流以及减沙的效果处于稳定的状态。[结论]在降雨一定的前提下,植被是影响坡面产沙量的关键因子。对于喀斯特地区黄壤坡面而言,增加地表覆盖度是减少产沙量的基础,也是防治水土流失的一项重要举措。 相似文献
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Soil erosion by water is the most pressing environmental problem in Ethiopia, particularly in the Highlands where the topography is highly rugged, population pressure is high, steeplands are cultivated and rainfall is erosive. Soil conservation is critically required in these areas. The objective of this study was to assess soil erosion hazard in a typical highland watershed (the Chemoga watershed) and demonstrate that a simple erosion assessment model, the universal soil loss equation (USLE), integrated with satellite remote sensing and geographical information systems can provide useful tools for conservation decision‐making. Monthly precipitation, soil map, a 30‐m digital elevation model derived from topographic map, land‐cover map produced from supervised classification of a Land Sat image, and land use types and slope steepness were used to determine the USLE factor values. The results show that a larger part of the watershed (>58 per cent of total) suffers from a severe or very severe erosion risk (>80 t ha−1 y−1), mainly in the midstream and upstream parts where steeplands are cultivated or overgrazed. In about 25 per cent of the watershed, soil erosion was estimated to exceed 125 t ha−1 y−1. Based on the predicted soil erosion rates, the watershed was divided into six priority categories for conservation intervention and 18 micro‐watersheds were identified that may be used as planning units. Finally, the method used has yielded a fairly reliable estimation of soil loss rates and delineation of erosion‐prone areas. Hence, a similar method can be used in other watersheds to prepare conservation master plans and enable efficient use of limited resources. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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黄丘区野外坡面产流产沙过程对不同植被覆盖结构的响应 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
植被覆盖结构是影响坡面侵蚀过程的重要因素,通过在黄丘区罗玉沟流域开展自然植被覆盖坡面野外模拟降雨试验,分析了90 mm/h雨强条件下地下根系、地下根系+地表结皮层和地下根系+地表结皮层+植被冠层3种不同覆盖结构对坡面产流产沙过程影响。结果表明:植被根系层次对增强土壤入渗起主导作用,使土壤入渗量增加67%,稳定入渗率增加39.7%;3种植被覆盖结构中,地表结皮层对产流和产沙具有最好的调控作用,减流贡献率和减沙贡献率分别为43%和67%;根系小区和裸地小区累积产流量与累积产沙量之间呈幂函数关系,随着植被覆盖结构的叠加,累积产流量与累积产沙量之间呈线性函数的关系;多层次植被覆盖结构能够延长坡面侵蚀过程的发育期,缩短活跃期。研究结果对定量评价植被措施的减水减沙作用具有重要意义。 相似文献
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黄土裸坡土壤侵蚀过程研究 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
黄土地区的土壤侵蚀严重地影响了当地和黄河下游地区的可持续发展,研究黄土地区的土壤侵蚀对于该地区的水土保持工作具有重要意义。采用人工模拟降雨试验的方法对黄土裸坡土壤侵蚀过程进行了研究,取得了如下结果:（1）不同雨强条件下,坡地土壤侵蚀随降雨过程的变化相似,可用幂函数相关方程进行描述,侵蚀强度变化的转变点在降雨开始后的10～15min之间;（2）不同雨强条件下,坡度对土壤侵蚀的影响相近且可用抛物线相关方程进行描述,侵蚀强度变化的临界坡度在25～30°间;（3）不同雨强条件下,坡地土壤侵蚀总量随坡长的 相似文献
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Pablo Ochoa‐Cueva Andreas Fries Pilar Montesinos Juan A. Rodríguez‐Díaz Jan Boll 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2015,26(6):565-573
Ecuador has the highest deforestation rate in South America, causing large‐scale soil erosion. Inter‐Andean watersheds are especially affected by a rapid increase of the population leading to the conversion of large areas of montane forest into pasture and cropland. In this study, we estimate soil erosion risk in a small mixed land‐use watershed in the southern Andes of Ecuador. Soil loss was estimated at a spatial resolution of 30 m, using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) where the RUSLE factors were estimated on the basis of limited public available data. Land‐cover maps for 1976, 2008 and 2040 were created assuming increasing deforestation rates over the ensuing decades. Greater erosion rates are estimated for succession areas with agricultural cropland and pasture with maximum values of 936 Mg ha−1 y−1, where slopes and precipitation amounts are the greatest. Under natural forest vegetation, the estimated soil erosion rates are negligible (1·5 to 40 Mg ha−1 y−1) even at steep slopes and higher elevations where rainfall amounts and intensities are generally higher. When the entire watershed has undergone substantial deforestation in 2040, erosion values may reach 2,021 Mg ha−1 y−1. Vegetation cover is the most important factor for potential soil erosion. Secondary factors are related to rainfall (R‐factor) and topography (LS factors). Although the spatial predictions of potential soil erosion have only limited meaning for erosion risk, this method provides an important screening tool for land management and assessment of land‐cover change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The numerous estuarine, marshy and marine ecosystems along the coastline of Mauritius Island are potential sinks for sediment especially during intense rainfall events when delivery ratios are high at basin outlets. For sustainable environmental management, soil and water conservation measures are needed, as these will better protect the cultivated lands and aquatic ecosystems from the damages associated with excessive soil loss and sediment deposition. Conservation program usually requires focusing available resources on a limited number of priority action areas. Such areas typically have the highest erosion risk and are connected to aquatic ecosystems. An erosion risk mapping model has been applied in this work to find the priority action areas of Mauritius and new datasets representing rainfall erosivity and topographic factors were used compared to a previous application of the same model. Rainfall erosivity was mapped with Fournier Index instead of rainfall depth. The topographic effect was mapped using a function combining slope length and slope gradient (LS) and was based on the unit contributing area algorithm along with land parcels effect. These new datasets improved the erosion risk mapping and the identification and prioritisation of high erosion areas. The prioritisation was done at basin and subbasin scales and considered the location of wetlands. This enabled the identification of basins and subbasins with the greatest erosion risk and towards which conservation measures can be directed for protecting lands on-site and wetlands off-site from environmental damages. 相似文献
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基于GIS信息平台,采用土壤流失评估模型（USLE）对东苕溪典型小流域的土壤侵蚀强度进行估算评价,识别了土壤流失关键源区。结果表明：东苕溪典型小流域土壤侵蚀量在时间上与降雨量有较好的相关性（r=0.730,P〈0.05）,侵蚀方式以水力侵蚀为主;年均土壤侵蚀模数为2347t·km-2,属轻度强度侵蚀,土壤侵蚀强度呈现南北两端高,中部地区低的趋势;不同土地利用类型土壤侵蚀强度差异显著,年均侵蚀模数城镇用地〉农村生活用地〉耕地〉林地〉园地;中度及强度侵蚀区主要发生在陡坡带及7°～12°的耕地,极强度及剧烈侵蚀区主要集中在坡度大于12°的耕地、城镇用地及农村用地。 相似文献
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为了分析植被覆盖对黄土高原坡面水土流失的影响，量化土壤侵蚀的植被覆盖阈值，基于模拟降雨数据分析了植被覆盖对土壤侵蚀的作用机制，利用绥德、西峰、天水等黄土高原高原典型地区的野外径流小区定位观测资料，探讨了不同覆被类型下植被覆盖控制径流和土壤侵蚀的有效性，确定了不同覆被类型下植被覆盖调控径流和防治土壤侵蚀的植被覆盖下限阈值和上限阈值。结果表明：(1)植被覆盖度的提高增加了土壤入渗、减少了径流量、延缓了径流流速、增加了土壤抵抗侵蚀的能力。(2)坡面径流量随植被覆盖度呈幂函数或指数函数下降，土壤侵蚀量随植被覆盖度呈指数函数、幂函数或者对数函数下降。(3)总体而言，不同地区植被控制土壤侵蚀的下限阈值在20%～30%,上限阈值在50%～70%。(4)土壤质地、植被类型、甚至植被的根系特征对植被控制径流和土壤侵蚀的效益有重要影响。研究结果为黄土高原水土保持工作提供研究依据。 相似文献
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[目的]全面认识长时间尺度的土壤侵蚀时空变化及其影响因素对土壤侵蚀治理具有重要意义。探究流域1998—2018年土壤侵蚀和产沙时空变化特征及其空间驱动力因子,为洮河源区流域的水土治理提供科学理论依据。[方法]以洮河源区流域为研究区,基于碌曲站实测输沙数据以及植被NDVI数据,通过WaTEM/SEDEM模型结合重心模型分析流域侵蚀产沙时空变化特征,进一步采用地理探测器方法探究其空间驱动力因子。[结果]洮河源区的土壤产沙模数由1998年的33.81 t/(hm2·a)增加至2018年的48.59 t/(hm2·a);土壤侵蚀强度主要以微度侵蚀为主,其次是极强侵蚀和轻度侵蚀,剧烈、强烈和中度侵蚀占比最小。侵蚀较强区域分布在高山地带;侵蚀较微弱的区域分布在中部的河谷地区和海拔较低的区域。流域内地形等级和植被覆盖度对土壤侵蚀影响最大,q值分别为0.359,0.183,流域侵蚀模数随地形位等级增大而增大,随植被覆盖度的增大而减少。1998—2003年和2008—2013年这两个时段,土壤侵蚀重心向东南方向移动,2003—2008年侵蚀重心向西北方向移动,... 相似文献
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Rohlini Halim Roberto S. Clemente Jayant K. Routray Rajendra P. Shrestha 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2007,18(4):453-469
Soil erosion is one form of land degradation, which is caused by the interacting effects of numerous factors such as biophysical characteristics and socio‐economic condition of a particular watershed. Previous erosion studies focused on the use of soil erosion models (e.g. USLE, EUROSEM, SLEMSA etc.), which have been developed under local conditions (e.g. United States, Europe, Africa, etc) and mostly use only biophysical factors as inputs to the models. In this study, a methodology that integrates both biophysical and socio‐economic aspects into a framework for soil erosion hazard assessment using principal component analysis (PCA) is described. The analysis is done at the land unit level. With the particular conditions of the study area that is characterized by Inceptisols and Alfisols soil types, nine different land uses with mixed vegetation and forest area dominant in the steep slope, high annual rainfall (>2500 mm), high population with mostly low income and low education, were considered. These were used in formulating a soil erosion hazard index (EHI) equation which relates a number of key factors consisting of biophysical and socio‐economic variables, namely soil texture, slope steepness, land cover, soil conservation practices, income and farmers' knowledge. Weighting and scoring of these key factors were used to develop the EHI equation and to calculate an index value of erosion hazard for every land unit. Results indicate that more than 60% of the area has erosion hazard ranging from moderate to very severe, and most of the land units with high erosion hazard were found at the mountain areas. It was also found that erosion hazard was severe in areas with high silt content, followed by high rainfall and steep slope, low crop cover without any soil conservation practices coupled with lack of awareness on soil erosion and low income. The key factors identified and level of erosion hazard obtained can be used to formulate conservation measures in critical areas which are prone to soil erosion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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不同植被下降雨类型对红壤坡地土壤侵蚀特征的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据武汉市蔡甸区西湖流域径流小区记录的146场次降雨资料,研究了植被类型和降雨类型对红壤坡面产流量与土壤侵蚀量的影响。基于K均值分类,将当地降雨划分为A型降雨（中雨量、弱雨强、长历时和高频次）、B型降雨（极大雨量、极强雨强、短历时和低频次）、C型降雨（大雨量,强雨强、中等历时和低频次）和D型降雨（小雨量,弱雨强、短历时和高频次）四种雨型。发现裸地与果林地的产流输沙量大,水沙关系稳定,水土保持能力在各类侵蚀性降雨下均较弱,A雨型和C雨型是导致此类坡面土壤侵蚀的主要雨型。阔叶林、针叶林、牧草地和草坪地坡面的产流输沙量小,水沙关系不稳定,植被的水土保持能力总体较强,但是在B雨型下偏弱,B雨型和C雨型是导致此类坡面土壤侵蚀的主要雨型。 相似文献
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晋西黄土区不同植被覆盖小流域的产流输沙特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了进行不同植被覆盖小流域的产流输沙研究,以山西省吉县蔡家川流域内部嵌套的3个典型小流域为研究对象,采用对比分析的方法,探索降雨特性和植被覆盖条件对流域产流输沙的影响。结果表明:小流域产生的径流量和输沙量均随着降雨量的增大而增大,但并不成一定比例;小流域的径流量和输沙量也随降雨强度的增大而增大,泥沙量的增长幅度大于径流量;在黄土区,短历时的暴雨易产生严重水土流失,应该作为水土流失预防的重点;在不同植被覆盖条件下,以封禁植被为主的小流域产生的径流量和输沙量最小,人工植被为主的小流域次之,水平梯田为主的小流域最大;在封禁条件下自然恢复植被为主的小流域对黄土区典型暴雨的水土流失预防效果最佳。因此,如何在水土流失严重的黄土高原地区仿拟自然进行植被恢复,是有效控制水土流失的关键。 相似文献
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黄丘一区坡面水土流失规律研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
<正> 为了探索黄丘—区坡面水土流失规律,寻求水土流失与其影响因素之间的关系,为合理利用水沙资源、水土保持规划与措施设计提供科学依据,我们进行了该项试验研究。 一、径流场布设概况 1954～1958年,我们在绥德辛店沟布设径流小区,由9个逐步发展到66个;1958～1961年,径流小区缩减为8个;1962～1964年,在韭园沟内王茂庄大咀峁布设自然地貌全坡长径 相似文献