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1.
酸性土壤上易产生铝（Al）毒害作用，缓解Al毒对于污染土壤上超积累植物的生长及重金属有效削减具有重要意义。本研究比较了不同措施对镉（Cd）超积累植物伴矿景天的Al胁迫缓解作用，结果发现：① 在水培条件下，锌添加可促进了Al胁迫下伴矿景天根表Cd2+吸收速率，而添加氯化钙或柠檬酸没有显著的缓解作用；② 在盆栽试验条件下，添加石灰处理显著提高了土壤pH，促进了伴矿景天生长和地上部对Cd的吸收，但添加生物质炭或柠檬酸没有显著缓解Al毒对伴矿景天生长和Cd吸收的抑制，添加柠檬酸反而加剧了土壤酸化，提高了土壤Al的活性；③在伴矿景天与荞麦间作条件下，其一定程度上降低了土壤的Al活性，在合适的种植密度下并未显著影响伴矿景天单株地上部Cd吸收量。综上，酸性土壤上耐Al作物与修复植物间作、结合添加改良剂调控Al毒，能够不显著降低土壤Cd的有效性和修复植物的Cd吸收，进而实现污染土壤的边生产边修复。 相似文献
2.
3种有机酸对伴矿景天修复效率及土壤微生物数量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
伴矿景天(Sedumplumbizincicola)是一种Cd和Zn的超积累植物,常用于Cd污染土壤的植物修复。有机酸能够提高土壤重金属的有效性,促进植物对重金属的积累,对重金属污染土壤的植物修复效率具有强化作用,并对土壤微生物数量有重要影响。以河潮土和红黄泥为供试土壤,探讨了乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、柠檬酸、草酸对伴矿景天修复效率和土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明,有机酸能显著提高土壤有效态Cd含量,柠檬酸处理的效果最好,河潮土和红黄泥中有效态Cd含量较单种伴矿景天分别增加72.73%,12.99%(P<0.05);伴矿景天地上部Cd含量在河潮土和红黄泥中以EDTA处理最高,在河潮土和红黄泥中分别比单种伴矿景天增加99.24%和33.32%;与单种伴矿景天相比,添加有机酸处理河潮土和红黄泥中伴矿景天修复效率显著提高。添加有机酸比单种伴矿景天显著增加土壤中微生物数量,其中柠檬酸处理河潮土中细菌和真菌数量分别增加34.38%和68.42%(P<0.05),草酸处理红黄泥中放线菌数量增加150.00%。研究结果可为重金属污染土壤的植物强化修复提供理论支撑。 相似文献
3.
里氏木霉FS10-C对伴矿景天吸取修复镉污染土壤的强化作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为提高伴矿景天对Cd污染土壤的修复效果,通过盆栽模拟试验,研究了木霉(Trichoderma)对伴矿景天生和Cd修复效率的影响.结果表明:Cd的加入抑制了伴矿景天的生长;伴矿景天在Cd含量为5 mg/kg模拟污染土壤中对Cd提取效率最高.在不同Cd污染水平下,里氏木霉(T.reesei)FS10-C使伴矿景天地上部干重比对照组增加了17.1％ ～42.5％,显著提高伴矿景天地上部对Cd的积累;在15 mg/kg Cd处理下,里氏木霉FS10-C处理组植物地上部Cd积累量高于对照组46.2％但对于土壤中NH4OAc提取态Cd含量影响不显著.说明里氏木霉FS10-C能提高伴矿景天对Cd的抗性,增加其生物量,从提高其修复效率.因此,里氏木霉FS10-C具有强化伴矿景天修复Cd污染土壤的应用潜力. 相似文献
4.
采用盆栽试验,在连续12年高量施用污泥有机肥引起的Zn、Cd污染土壤上种植伴矿景天,并向土壤中添加亚氨基二琥珀酸(IDS)、乙二胺二琥珀酸三钠(EDDS)、硫磺等化学调控剂及稳定剂钙镁磷肥,研究调控剂对伴矿景天吸收Zn、Cd及施用钙镁磷肥对后茬蔬菜重金属污染风险的影响,以期探索出既可提高超积累植物重金属吸取修复效率又能降低后茬农作物重金属污染风险的植物修复模式.结果表明,施用120 mmol/kg硫粉(Sed+S)处理可显著增加伴矿景天地上部生物量,分别比未加调控剂的对照处理伴矿景天(Sed)、伴矿景天添加有机调控剂(Sed+OE)处理增加34.7％和47.9％.施用3 mmol/kg IDS则显著降低了伴矿景天地上部Cd浓度,比Sed处理降低了35.5％.施用钙镁磷肥稳定剂可有效降低后茬蔬菜苋菜体内Zn、Cd浓度,降幅为57％、63％,施用4 g/kg钙镁磷肥后土壤醋酸铵提取态Zn、Cd分别较对照降低66.1％、72.4％.可见,适当施用硫肥能促进伴矿景天的生长,添加钙镁磷肥降低土壤有效态重金属浓度,减少后茬作物污染风险. 相似文献
5.
云南是我国典型的重金属元素地球化学高背景区,超积累植物能否有效修复镉（Cd）地质高背景土壤,从而实现农产品安全生产,尚鲜见报道。以云南石林、富源和罗平等三地的典型Cd地质高背景农田土壤为对象,开展温室盆栽试验,探究Cd、锌（Zn）超积累植物伴矿景天对土壤Cd的吸取修复效果,及对后茬水稻生长和Cd吸收的作用。结果表明,种植三季伴矿景天使三地土壤全量Cd分别下降24.8%、30.9%和58.8%;伴矿景天在富源玄武岩风化物母质发育的土壤上长势最好,与富源土壤肥力相对最高有关;伴矿景天在罗平石灰岩风化物发育的土壤上重金属吸取修复效果最佳,与罗平土壤呈中性、酸化作用更为明显有关,这些差异由土壤母质、养分与重金属有效性等综合影响所致。经伴矿景天吸取修复三季后,全生育期淹水种稻,其糙米和秸秆Cd浓度均大幅降低,可实现糙米Cd安全生产。未经植物吸取修复,旱作处理下水稻糙米Cd存在超标风险。植物吸取修复后种植水稻,再结合水分管理措施,可进一步降低稻米中Cd浓度,实现稻米安全生产,为Cd地质高背景区土壤的农作物安全生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
6.
水分特征对伴矿景天生长和重金属吸收性的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
利用盆栽试验研究了水分特征对伴矿景天生长和重金属吸收性的影响.结果表明:在70% 土壤最大田间持水量(70%WHC)处理下,伴矿景天生长最好,其地上部鲜重显著高于其他处理;70%WHC处理伴矿景天对重金属吸收能力最强,其茎中Zn的浓度显著高于其他处理,茎中Cd的浓度分别比35%WHC、100%WHC、淹水处理高27.1%、29.0%、63.1%;叶中的Zn浓度表现出与茎中相同趋势,叶中Cd的浓度与茎中不同,以100%WHC处理最高.70%WHC处理下,植物提取Zn、Cd的效率最高,其修复效率均显著高于其他处理.这些结果表明,土壤水分状况在土壤重金属污染伴矿景天植物吸取修复中起着重要作用. 相似文献
7.
锌镉交互作用对伴矿景天锌镉吸收性的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用水培试验、不同Zn、Cd污染程度农田土壤结合外加Zn、Cd基础上的土培盆栽法,研究了不同Zn、Cd浓度交互作用对伴矿景天生长及Zn、Cd吸收和分布的影响.水培试验结果表明,增加溶液中Zn和Cd浓度,伴矿景天各组织中Zn和Cd浓度显著增加,但两个高浓度处理间没有显著差异;Zn在伴矿景天体内呈不均匀分布且与水培溶液中Zn和Cd浓度有关,当溶液中Zn浓度＞Cd浓度时,表现为新叶＞成熟叶＞其他部位＞＞根,反之则为成熟叶＞其他部位＞新叶＞＞根;而Cd在伴矿景天不同部位的分布没有一致的规律性;Zn、Cd交互作用主要体现在伴矿景天新叶上:在溶液中外加Cd时,Zn对伴矿景天新叶中Cd浓度具有“低促高抑”效应,而Cd处理对新叶中Zn浓度具有拮抗效应.土培试验也表明,添加Zn显著促进伴矿景天对土壤中Cd的吸收,外加Cd对伴矿景天Zn吸收具有拮抗效应;但无论Zn或Cd,外加量过大均会显著抑制伴矿景天的生长,降低修复效率. 相似文献
8.
为提高Cd超富集植物伴矿景天(Sedum plumbizicola)的植物萃取能力,采用盆栽试验研究螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和植物激素脱落酸(ABA)单独和联合作用的叶面调控对伴矿景天生长和Cd吸收转运的影响,并通过大田试验进行验证。结果表明:盆栽试验叶面喷施EDTA、ABA均能提高伴矿景天对Cd的转运,地下部至地上部的Cd转运系数为EDTA＞ABA,但叶面EDTA处理对生长旺盛期伴矿景天的生长有抑制。伴矿景天各部位Cd富集浓度差异很大,呈现新叶＞地下部＞茎＞老叶,新叶中Cd浓度是老叶的3.6~5.4倍,且主要富集在细胞壁和细胞器中,占总富集量的88%~94%。EDTA处理新叶细胞器中Cd浓度剧增,ABA处理新叶细胞壁中Cd浓度增加,ABA和EDTA联合使用可以缓解EDTA对生长的抑制,且更有利于Cd从根系向地上部转运。大田小区试验叶面诱导强化伴矿景天Cd萃取是可行的,ABA和EDTA联合处理显著增加伴矿景天总Cd积累量,增幅达到37.87%。研究结果为伴矿景天修复Cd污染土壤提供理论指导。 相似文献
9.
植物吸取修复及钝化处理对后茬水稻镉吸收的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采集湖南湘潭县某地镉(Cd)污染酸性农田土壤及其经伴矿景天分别吸取修复两季和三季后的土壤,采用盆栽试验研究了经伴矿景天修复及钝化改良与否对土壤pH、有效态Cd、Zn以及水稻生长和稻米Cd、Zn浓度的影响。结果表明:未改良的处理,随着修复次数的增加,土壤pH显著降低,降低幅度为0.26~0.38个单位;且修复两季、三季土壤CaCl_2提取态Cd浓度较未修复土壤分别降低19.4%、24.0%;修复后土壤种植水稻品种W184,其糙米中Cd浓度显著降低,但依然超标;修复三季土壤种植低积累水稻品种IRA7190,其糙米中Cd由0.47 mg/kg降为0.03 mg/kg。施加钝化剂海泡石和石灰(10 g/kg+1 g/kg)后,修复两季、三季土壤的pH显著升高,较未施钝化剂处理土壤pH分别提高0.95、0.72;土壤CaCl_2提取态Cd浓度分别降低79.8%、79.5%;修复两季、三季土壤上水稻W184糙米的Cd浓度与未施加钝化剂相比,分别降低27.3%、44.4%,均降至国家食品安全限值0.2 mg/kg以下;无论是否添加钝化剂,伴矿景天吸取修复三季的土壤上水稻IRA7190糙米中Cd浓度均仅0.03 mg/kg。 相似文献
10.
《中国生态农业学报》2021,(9)
为明确伴矿景天间作模式对辣椒植物根系周围土壤镉(Cd)迁移与可利用风险的影响,于2019年在贵州省遵义市新蒲新区进行田间试验,设置伴矿景天或辣椒单作、伴矿景天条带式间作辣椒(间作1)、伴矿景天交叉式间作辣椒(间作2)、伴矿景天混合式间作辣椒(间作3)等5种种植模式,收获期采集辣椒根系周围土壤样品,测定土壤各形态Cd含量和土壤pH、有机质、全量和有效氮磷钾以及球囊霉素(GRSP)含量。结果表明,与辣椒单作相比,间作2和间作3使辣椒根系周围土壤酸溶态Cd显著降低39.6%和41.5%(P0.05),可还原态Cd含量显著降低23.9%和29.0%(P0.05)。同时也降低了土壤Cd迁移和植物可利用风险,其中间作2和间作3处理土壤Cd迁移性分别降低25.8%和34.2%,可利用性分别降低11.6%和26.9%。3种伴矿景天间作方式显著提高了土壤易提取球囊霉素含量,分别提高24.5%、39.9%和40.6%(P0.05);间作2和间作3处理显著增加土壤总球囊霉素含量,分别增加51.7%和86.7%(P0.05)。冗余分析表明,土壤环境因子对土壤Cd迁移和可利用风险影响重要性排序为总提取球囊霉素速效钾pH易提取球囊霉素全钾全磷全氮碱解氮有效磷有机质,土壤总提取球囊霉素、速效钾是影响土壤Cd迁移性和可利用性的关键调控因子。综上所述,伴矿景天间作措施显著降低了辣椒根系周围土壤Cd迁移和可利用风险,其中交叉式间作和混合式间作效果优于条带式间作。 相似文献
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遥感监测介电常数与土壤含水率关系模型 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为了获取大范围地表土壤水分时空分布信息,该文开展了微波辐射计/散射计监测介电常数与土壤体积含水率之间的关系研究。微波观测的信号与目标的介电常数密切相关,而土壤含水率是决定土壤介电常数的决定性因素,这是利用微波遥感监测土壤水分的物理基础。该研究针对土壤介电常数到土壤水分之间的转换问题,利用Dobson半经验模型建立模拟数据库,用建立的模拟数据库对Hallikainen关系式进行最小二乘回归法标定,建立了适用于微波辐射计SMOS(频率1.4GHz)、AMSR-E(频率6.9GHz)和微波散射计ERS-WCS/METOP-ASCAT(频率5.3GHz)监测的介电常数到土壤体积含水率转换的简化模型。利用模拟数据和实测数据的联合验证结果表明,简化模型具有良好的精度和实用性。 相似文献
13.
John E. Larsen 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1077-1081
Growers problems with production of vegetables in soilless cultural systems are primarily caused by nutrient deficiencies or toxicities that may not necessarily be due to improper preparation of the nutrient solution. Pythium fungus disease on the roots has caused crop failures of tomatoes and cucumbers in NFT during warm weather. 相似文献
14.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(17):2274-2288
Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of relative chlorophyll content (RCC) in sweet corn leaves as an indicator of nitrate concentration in soil. Study objectives were (1) to evaluate the effect of manure types (chicken and dairy), rates (0, 168, 336, and 672 kg ha?1 equivalent N), and application frequency (one and two applications) of organic amendments on (a) nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentration within and below the crop root zone and (b) the RCC of sweet corn leaves and (2) to quantify the relationship between RCC and NO3-N concentrations. The results showed a significant increase in NO3-N concentrations within and below the root zone and plant leaf RCC under chicken manure treatments. Manure application rates and frequency had a significant effect on both NO3-N concentration within and below the root zone and leaf RCC. It appears that leaf RCC can be used as an indicator of NO3-N availability for sweet corn cultivated under the study conditions. 相似文献
15.
利用雨水对半干旱地区覆膜春小麦有限灌溉的研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
在宁夏南部山区对春小麦集雨补充灌溉研究表明,春小麦全生育期覆膜栽培能有效地抑制土壤蒸发,大幅度增加产量,提高水分利用率。在覆膜春小麦拨节期灌水30mm产量可增加371.1kg/hm2,水分利用率提高11.2%,拨节期是地膜春小麦集雨节灌最佳补水时期。地膜春小麦拨节期1次供水30、60、90和120mm,与不灌水相比,小麦籽粒产量均有大幅度增加,增幅分别为23.4%、68.7%、105.5%和98.3%。分析认为,覆膜春小麦1次补灌水量以60mm为宜 相似文献
16.
AbstractThis study was aimed to determine biochemical traits related to higher phytomass production in sorghum genotypes irrigated with saline water. It was also attempted to consider whether or not forage yield production under non-saline conditions could be used as an index for for the selection of high yielding genotypes of sorghum under saline conditions. Forty-five sorghum genotypes were grown under field conditions using saline water or normal irrigation water in two growing seasons in Yazd, Iran. It appeared that salinity tolerance in sorghum genotypes, in addition to local adaption, was highly related to forage yield as well as some biochemical traits as carotenoid concentration, catalase activity, and K+/Na+ ratio. The screening method based on biochemical traits appeared to be applicable for identification of the salt-tolerant genotypes. 相似文献
17.
Emerging technologies for food preservation have arisen in recent years, such as high-pressure (HP) hydrostatic treatment, and the biological response for this kind of food preservation is not well-known. Forty female rats (six weeks old) were used in the experiment to evaluate the biological effects of HP treatment of tofu. The animals were divided into groups that were fed with tofu (untreated), tofu treated with HP, and conventional food (as control) for 28 days. The glucose level, mineral content (calcium, potassium, zinc, and magnesium), shinbone maximum shear force, weight of the body, and weight of organs (heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys) were analyzed. The biological response for the rats was that significant differences were found in the calcium amount determined on the serum of the rats fed with untreated tofu and those fed with tofu treated with HP, and the calcium amount was lower on the rats fed with tofu treated with HP. Also, there were significant differences in the weight of the liver, and it was lower in the rats fed with tofu treated with HP. It was quite remarkable how the weight of the body and organs were smaller in the rats fed with tofu in comparison to the weight of the control rats. In the other components assayed no significant differences were found. HP produces a potential effect on tofu as it is observed in the rats response to the tofu treated with HP. 相似文献
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19.
Ryan EP Heuberger AL Weir TL Barnett B Broeckling CD Prenni JE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(5):1862-1870
Emerging evidence supporting chronic disease fighting properties of rice bran has advanced the development of stabilized rice bran for human use as a functional food and dietary supplement. A global and targeted metabolomic investigation of stabilized rice bran fermented with Saccharomyces boulardii was performed in three rice varieties. Metabolites from S. boulardii-fermented rice bran were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and assessed for bioactivity compared to nonfermented rice bran in normal and malignant lymphocytes. Global metabolite profiling revealed significant differences in the metabolome that led to discovery of candidate compounds modulated by S. boulardii fermentation. Fermented rice bran extracts from three rice varieties reduced growth of human B lymphomas compared to each variety's nonfermented control and revealed that fermentation differentially altered bioactive compounds. These data support that integration of global and targeted metabolite analysis can be utilized for assessing health properties of rice bran phytochemicals that are enhanced by yeast fermentation and that differ across rice varieties. 相似文献
20.
The effect of compost fertilization compared with mineral fertilization on N leaching to the groundwater was investigated in six plots of a long‐term field experiment and a lysimeter station on a Molli‐gleyic Fluvisol (WRB) near Vienna, Austria. The plots investigated included two treatments with compost fertilization (16 and 23 t ha–1 y–1, respectively, on average of 11 y), two treatments with mineral N fertilization (41 and 56 kg N ha–1 y–1, respectively), and two treatments with combined fertilization (9 t compost + 56 kg N ha–1 y–1 and 23 t compost + 22 kg N ha–1 y–1, respectively). Nitrogen leaching to the groundwater as determined using ceramic suction cups was not increased after 11 y of compost fertilization with higher amounts than used in practical farming (23 t ha–1 y–1, corresponding to an annual input of 205 kg Ntot ha–1) as compared to mineral fertilization under the conditions of the experiment. Even intensive N mineralization during a 4‐month period of bare fallow did not cause pronounced differences between the fertilization treatments. The results suggest that in the pannonic climate, compost fertilization does not pose a risk for groundwater eutrophication on the medium term. 相似文献