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以群落样方为一维综合资源位,在北京雾灵山自然保护区天然次生林内选择2个有代表性的群落进行生态位研究,并用空间代替时间的方法以生态位的变化分析各种群在群落演替过程中的地位和发展动态。结果表明:1)群落Ⅰ和群落Ⅱ处在同一演替序列上的不同演替阶段,群落Ⅱ为群落Ⅰ后期的演替阶段。2)白桦属于生态位衰退型树种;蒙椴、蒙古栎属于生态位扩展型树种;白桦、黑桦、红桦、元宝枫属于生态位稳定型树种;大果榆属于生态位敏感型树种。3)群落Ⅱ阶段比群落Ⅰ阶段的生态位重叠值高,种间竞争更激烈。4)群落Ⅱ中桦树种群随着演替继续进行会衰退,群落将形成椴树和栎类混交林。 相似文献
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不同光强下核桃楸、水曲柳和黄菠萝的光合生理特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究辽东山区次生林3种树种幼苗(核桃楸、水曲柳和黄菠萝)对生长光环境的适应性,在生长季测定4种光强下(全光、60%透光、30%透光、15%透光,分别记为FI,II,LJ和WI)树种幼苗叶片气体交换参数、净光合速率、单位叶面积叶绿素含量和比叶重(LMA).结果表明:随着光强的减弱,3个树种的光补偿点(LCP)、光饱和点(LSP)、最大光合速率(Pmax)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、类胡萝卜素(Car)、LMA、单位叶鲜质量(LFA)均呈下降趋势;全光下单位叶面积的叶绿素Chl含量均低于弱光处理.本研究结果支持水曲柳在幼苗时期具有一定耐荫性的观点.树种生理生态指标的可塑性分析表明:黄菠萝能适应更宽的光强幅度,且黄菠萝的需光性大于核桃楸.不同光环境下3个树种的生理生态变化特征对解释森林生态系统内树种的共生和演替具有重要意义. 相似文献
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皖东石灰岩山地次生林演替趋势与树种的生理特性分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文在研究分析琅琊山天然森林群落演替趋势、榆科树种生理生态特性以及皖东石灰岩地区立地分类的基础上 ,探讨了皖东石灰岩山地的适宜造林树种 ,从而为加速北亚热带石灰岩山地的绿化提供理论依据。研究结果表明 ,青檀、榉树、琅琊榆、醉翁榆等榆科树种 ,由于在生理上对高钙、干旱的石灰岩生境有较好适应性 ,同时在群落演替过程中具有相对稳定性 ,因而是皖东石灰岩山地造林绿化的适宜树种 相似文献
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探究近自然经营对马尾松林的生态位和种间关系的影响,可以为经营管理提供实践基础和科学依据。以实施近自然经营10余年的马尾松林为研究对象,分别从幼苗(胸径<1 cm)、幼树(1 cm≤胸径<5 cm)和成树(胸径≥5 cm)3个阶段,探讨近自然经营对马尾松林12个优势树种的生态位及种间关系的影响。结果显示：(1)马尾松在成树和幼树阶段的生态位宽度变小,幼苗和大部分优势树种的生态位宽度增加;(2)各优势树种种对间生态位重叠度变小,生态位分化程度增加;(3)群落总体关联性大多呈现正关联,但极显著正联结种对较少;Spearman秩相关检验结果显示不同生长阶段经营和对照林分种对间存在差异但并不显著。综上,研究区马尾松林仍处于演替初期,群落结构不稳定,近自然经营对马尾松林种间关系的改善具有一定效果但并不理想,建议针对研究区纯林化程度过高且密度过大的马尾松林分,在密度调控的基础上结合林下补植枫香和麻栎、白栎等栎类树种,加速群落演替,尽快实现改善种间关系和提升群落稳定性的目的。 相似文献
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福建青冈林主要种群生态位的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对福建青冈群落中12个主要种群的生态位特征进行研究,结果表明,福建青冈、黄瑞木、多穗石栎、栲树是广生态位树种,笔罗子、甜槠、长圆叶鼠刺是狭生态位树种。福建青冈与各种群的生态位相似比例的变化较大。福建青冈群落各种间的竞争并不十分剧烈,群落尚处于不稳定的演替过程中。 相似文献
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采用样方调查法,在茂名林洲顶自然保护区内设置32个20 m×20 m的样方,基于样地分层频度调查数据,以不同林层作为一维资源位,以个体多度为生态位计测的资源状态指标,对森林群落中的15个优势种群进行了生态位的计测与分析。结果显示：大部分耐荫树种生态位宽度值较大,如华润楠（Machilus chinensis）Bsw、BL值分别为0.379 28、0.869 75,鸭脚木（Schefflera arboricola）Bsw、BL值分别为0.374 57、0.864 64;而阳性树种生态位宽度值较小,如枫香（Liquidambar formosana）Bsw、BL值分别为0.117 10、0.388 92,红花荷（Rhodoleia championi）Bsw、BL值分别为0.042 01、0.347 29。生态位宽度值较大的树种与生态位宽度值较小的树种之间的生态位重叠值较高,反之,重叠值较低。 相似文献
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以广西银杉林不同生境的样地作为不同资源的综合体(资源位),以各物种的重要值作为资源位上的状态指标,定量分析银杉林各主要树种种群的生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例和生态位重叠。结果表明:1)银杉、变色杜鹃、华南五针松、五列木、绣球茜草具有较大的重要值和较宽的生态位宽度值,占据群落中的重要资源,在所调查的生境中具有更强适应能力,在银杉林中具有重要的地位。而含笑、大头茶、小花桤叶树等种群数量相对较少,分布范围较窄,生态位宽度较小,对资源的利用能力比较弱。2)银杉林中各种物种之间的相似性比例值多数较大,多数物种间的生态学特性较相似或他们利用资源的相似性程度较大。生态位宽度大的物种和其他物种间的生态位相似性比例值大,生态位宽度小的物种与其他物种间的生态位相似性比例值较小。3)银杉林中各主要树种间的生态位重叠值较低,各主要树种之间的相互竞争不高。生态位宽度大的物种具有较大生态位重叠值,与其他物种利用或占有同一资源的概率大;生态位宽度小的物种具有的生态位重叠值较小,与其他物种的占有或利用同一资源的概率小。4)银杉在各个样方中都占据较大重要值,具有较大的生态位宽度值,是银杉林的优势种和群落的建群种。 相似文献
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Classifying plant functional types by a general and quantitative technique is important for sustainable forest management. Here, the time series of diurnal net photosynthetic rate and other related external and internal factors of 11 tree species in a young mixed broadleaf and coniferous Korean pine forest in Northeast China were recorded during the growing season. All time series data were analyzed by a newly proposed model, by which the relative importance of external environmental factors and internal factors on leaf photosynthetic rate among tree species was evaluated. The analysis showed that this method can be useful to identify environmentally sensitive tree species and to quantitatively classify plant functional types. Photosynthetic rate in most pioneer tree species is less sensitive to variation in environmental conditions than in late successional species. The photosynthetic rate of all 11 tree species was mainly determined by their internal factors. The results may also have implications for tree species selection in forest plantations and forest restoration. 相似文献
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为探讨赤水河中段清香木在天然群落中的地位、资源的利用状况以及主要树种间的相互关系,揭示天然群落中清香木的生态适应性,通过野外样地调查及定量分析,以海拔450-930 m不同海拔梯度作为一维资源位状态,研究了群落中19个主要树种的生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例以及生态位重叠特征。结果表明：清香木、铁仔、华西小石积等树种具有较大的生态位宽度,其B（SW）i、 B（L）i分别为0.8592、0.8421、0.8392、0.9323、0.8805和0.8369;生态位相似性大于0.5的种对有25对,占总种对数的14.6％;生态位重叠值大于0.5的种对有49对,占总种对数的28.7％;生态位宽度越大,其树种间生态位相似性比例和生态位重叠值越高,竞争就会更加激烈,反之则低。 相似文献
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为研究海南岛热带山地雨林不同演替阶段植物的光合特性,比较了不同光梯度下3个典型树种幼苗在晴天和阴天时的光合生理日变化过程。先锋种黄桐有最强的叶温控制能力,日变化中叶温低于中期种显脉杜英和顶极种乐东拟单性木兰。中期种显脉杜英有最高的光合生理可塑性,晴天时,显脉杜英净光合速率与黄桐差异不显著,叶温低于乐东拟单性木兰;阴天时,净光合速率和叶温与乐东拟单性木兰差异不显著。与显脉杜英相比,黄桐和乐东拟单性木兰的水分利用能力高,气孔导度、蒸腾速率低,水分利用效率高;黄桐的光合能力高,净光合速率比乐东拟单性木兰高。植物在光合能力、叶温控制能力、光合生理可塑性和水分利用能力上的差异对植物群落的演替有重要影响。 相似文献
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Seasonal ecophysiology, leaf structure and nitrogen were measured in saplings of early (Populus grandidentata Michx. and Prunus serotina J.F. Ehrh.), middle (Fraxinus americana L. and Carya tomentosa Nutt.) and late (Acer rubrum L. and Cornus florida L.) successional tree species during severe drought on adjacent open and understory sites in central Pennsylvania, USA. Area-based net photosynthesis (A) and leaf conductance to water vapor diffusion (g(wv)) varied by site and species and were highest in open growing plants and early successional species at both the open and understory sites. In response to the period of maximum drought, both sunfleck and sun leaves of the early successional species exhibited smaller decreases in A than leaves of the other species. Shaded understory leaves of all species were more susceptible to drought than sun leaves and had negative midday A values during the middle and later growing season. Shaded understory leaves also displayed a reduced photosynthetic light response during the peak drought period. Sun leaves were thicker and had a greater mass per area (LMA) and nitrogen (N) content than shaded leaves, and early and middle successional species had higher N contents and concentrations than late successional species. In both sunfleck and sun leaves, seasonal A was positively related to predawn leaf Psi, g(wv), LMA and N, and was negatively related to vapor pressure deficit, midday leaf Psi and internal CO(2). Although a significant amount of plasticity occurred in all species for most gas exchange and leaf structural parameters, middle successional species exhibited the largest degree of phenotypic plasticity between open and understory plants. 相似文献
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用LI-6400红外气体分析仪对厦门市不同生境条件下城市绿化树种的光合特性进行测定,结果表明:在全光照条件下的树种在不同时间段净光合速率均强于受城市环境影响树种,午休现象不明显,而受光照、水分和温度等城市环境胁迫影响,城市中绿化树种逐渐适应在弱光条件下进行光合作用.树种间的光合特性与能力存在明显差异,在光能利用率水平上... 相似文献
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乔木采用胸高断面积和重要值、灌木采用相对盖度和重要值,应用Smith公式、Hurlbert公式以及Levins的Shannon-Wiener公式和Simpson公式分别计算了岷江上游亚高山植物群落中14个主要乔木种和20个主要灌木种的生态位宽度;应用Pianka公式计算了它们的生态位重叠.结果表明岷江上游亚高山主要森林群落中主要优势种的生态位宽度较大,Smith生态位宽度值较大的乔木有：粗枝云杉（0.900）、红桦（0.969）、紫果云杉（0.853）、岷江冷杉（0.894）、密枝圆柏（1.000）、油松（0.936）、辽东栎（0.923）;灌木种中Smith生态位宽度较大的有：华西箭竹（0.497）、高山绣线菊（0.403）、缺苞箭竹（0.376）、窄叶鲜卑花（0.339）、柳叶忍冬（0.308）.14种乔木的91个种对中只有40个种对有生态位重叠,占44%;20种灌木有226个种对,98个种对有重叠,占43%.在以较大区域为研究范围时,生态位宽度较大的树种是其所处生境的优势种,与其它种的重叠值不一定大;重叠值较大的种对分布的生境相近,能利用相同的环境资源,与竞争关系不大. 相似文献
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Photosynthetic light acclimation in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings was examined in a greenhouse study to better understand the physiological response of this species to increased light intensity following release from competition. Seedlings grown in a high (HL), medium (ML) or low (LL) light environment for 12 weeks were transferred to high light. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of ML and LL seedlings were measured prior to and following transfer and compared with the HL control treatment. Photosynthetic characteristics were related to initial light treatment and time after transfer. Acclimation of gas exchange features to high light in shade formed ML and LL foliage was relatively rapid, with similar values among light treatments within 57 days of transfer. Acclimation of net photosynthetic rate was similar in ML and LL seedlings, and was associated primarily with increased mesophyll conductance to CO2. The ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) decreased initially after transfer, especially in LL seedlings, but recovered to normal values after 57 days. Red pine seedlings appear to be well adapted for photosynthetic acclimation to high light intensity, consistent with that reported for other early successional tree species. 相似文献