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1.
Abstract

The effects of exogenous NaCl and silicon on ion distribution were investigated in two alfalfa (Medicago sativa. L.) cultivars: the high salt tolerant Zhongmu No. 1 and the low salt tolerant Defor. The cultivars were grown in a hydroponic system with a control (that had neither NaCl nor Si added), a Si treatment (1 mmol L?1 Si), a NaCl treatment (120 mmol L?1 NaCl), and a Si and NaCl treatment (120 mmol L?1 NaCl + 1 mmol L?1 Si). After 15 days of the NaCl and Si treatments, four plants of the cultivars were removed and divided into root, shoot and leaf parts for Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ content measurements. Compared with the NaCl treatment, the added Si significantly decreased Na+ content in the roots, but notably increased K+ contents in the shoots and leaves of the high salt tolerant Zhongmu No.1 cultivar. Applying Si to both cultivars under NaCl stress did not significantly affect the Fe3+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ contents in the roots, shoots and leaves of Defor and the roots and shoots of Zhongmu No.1, but increased the Ca2+ content in the roots of Zhongmu No.1 and the Mn2+ contents in the shoots and leaves of both cultivars, while it decreased the Ca2+ and Cu2+ contents of the shoots and leaves of both cultivars under salt stress. Salt stress decreased the K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cu2+ contents in plants, but significantly increased Zn2+ content in the roots, shoots and leaves and Mn2+ content in the shoots of both cultivars when Si was not applied. Thus, salt affects not only the macronutrient distribution but also the micronutrient distribution in alfalfa plants, while silicon could alter the distributions of Na+ and some trophic ions in the roots, shoots and leaves of plants to improve the salt tolerance.  相似文献   

2.
ABSTRACT

One month old rice calli were exposed to 0, 50, and 100 mol m?3 sodium chloride (NaCl) in the liquid LS basal medium supplemented with 2.5 mg L?1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg L?1 kinetin. Callus relative growth rate (RGR; fresh) of both cultivars indicated a progressive decrease; however, callus dry weight increased as the NaCl level increased in the culture medium. Salinity stress increased the callus sodium (Na+), manganese (Mn2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) contents while potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and iron (Fe2+) contents decreased. ‘Basmati-385’ showed less reduction in callus RGR, K+, and Ca2+ contents and a larger increase in callus dry weight, Na+, Mn2+, and Mg2+ contents as compared to ‘Basmati-Karnal’. However, the reverse was true for Fe2+ contents. K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios generally decreased under salt stress. Overall, reduction in callus relative growth rate was found to be inversely correlated with decrease in K+, Ca2+, and Fe2+ uptake and directly correlated with increased Na+ and Mg2+ concentration in callus tissue.  相似文献   

3.
The effects of salinity on four faba bean (Vicia faba L) cultivars [Giza 429, Giza 843, Misr 1 (Orobanche-tolerant), and Giza 3 (Orobanche-susceptible)] and soil properties were investigated in a pot experiment with addition of 0, 50, and 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for 9 weeks. Salinity significantly decreased calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3 ?), and sulfate (SO4 2?) while significantly increasing sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl?), pH, and electrical conductivity (EC; dS m?1). Root length density (cm cm?3), root mass density (mg cm?3), total dry weight, and salt-tolerance indexes were significantly reduced as a result of application of salinity. The results presented support evidence on the positive relationship between Orobance tolerance and salt tolerance in the three cultivars (Giza 429, Giza 843, and Misr 1). This adaptation was mainly due to a high degree of accumulation of inorganic nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ and lesser quantities of Na+ and Cl?, as well as greater K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios.  相似文献   

4.
盐胁迫下柚实生苗生长、矿质营养及离子吸收特性研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  
以坪山柚为材料,对盐胁迫下实生苗生长、矿质营养及离子吸收特性进行了研究。结果表明,沙培30d,80～200mmol/L盐胁迫,随盐浓度提高,坪山柚实生苗株高、叶面积、地上部干重和根部干重明显降低。溶液培养8d,坪山柚实生苗地上部及根Na+、Cl-含量随盐浓度的增加而增加,根及地上部K+、Ca2+、Mg2+以及P和Mn含量下降,Fe、Zn、Cu含量的变化因器官而异。其中,地上部Fe含量对盐胁迫敏感,可作为柚耐盐性鉴定指标。40mmol/L盐胁迫,坪山柚地上部K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+、Mg2+/Na+值均显著下降,且Mg2+/Na+值+/Na+值>1;浓度≥160mmol/L盐胁迫,K+/Na+值+吸收、运转效率比Cl-高。  相似文献   

5.
Calcium (Ca2+) amelioration of the plant's growth response to salinity depends on genetic factors. In this work, supplemental Ca2+ did not improve growth in Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender under high‐saline conditions and negatively affected several physiological parameters in nonsalinized plants. The response to supplemental Ca2+ was examined using plants grown in 25% modified Hoagland solution at different Na+ : Ca2+ ratios. In control plants (1 mM Ca2+; 1 mM Na+) surplus Ca2+ (4 or 10 mM) was associated with stomatal closure, decrease of hydraulic conductivity, sap flow, leaf specific dry weight, leaf K+ and leaf Mg2+ concentrations, and inhibition of CO2 assimilation. Leaf water content was enhanced, while water‐use efficiency and dry matter were unaffected during the 15 d experimental period. The Ca2+ effect was not cation‐specific since similar results were found in plants supplied with high external Mg2+ or with a combination of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Relative to control plants, salinization (50 and 100 mM NaCl) caused a decrease in dry matter, hydraulic conductivity, sap flow, leaf Mg2+ activity, and inhibition of stomatal opening and CO2 assimilation. However, NaCl (50 and 100 mM NaCl) enhanced leaf K+ concentration and water‐use efficiency. At 100 mM NaCl, leaf water content also significantly increased. Supplemental Ca2+ had no amelioration effect on the salt‐stress response of this bean cultivar. In contrast, the 50 mM–NaCl treatment improved stomatal conductance and CO2‐assimilation rate in plants exposed to the highest Ca2+ concentration (10 mM). Phaseolus vulgaris is classified as a very NaCl‐sensitive species. The similarities in the effects caused by supplemental Ca2+, supplemental Mg2+, and NaCl salinity suggest that P. vulgaris cv. Contender has a high non‐ion‐specific salt sensitivity. On the other hand, the improvement in gas‐exchange parameters in Ca2+‐supplemented plants by high NaCl could be the result of specific Na+‐triggered responses, such as an increase in the concentration of K+ in the leaves.  相似文献   

6.
Maize (Zea mays L.) plants in the early stage of development were treated with 80 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) with or without supplemental calcium (Ca2+) (8.75 mM) for a seven day period. The effects of salinity on dry matter production and shoot and root concentrations of sodium (Na+), Ca2+, and potassium (K+) were measured for seven Pioneer maize cultivars. Salinity significantly reduced total dry weight, leaf area, and shoot and root dry weight below control levels. For all seven cultivars, Na+concentrations were reduced and leaf area was significantly increased by supplementing salinized nutrient solutions with 8.75 mM calcium chloride (CaCl2). The two cultivars with the lowest shoot and root Na+ concentrations under NaCl‐salinity showed the greatest increases in total, shoot and root dry weights with the addition of supplemental Ca. Shoot fresh weight/dry weight ratios for all cultivars were decreased significantly by both salinity treatments, but supplemental Ca2+ increased the ratio relative to salinity treatments without supplemental Ca. Root fresh weight/dry weight ratios were decreased only by salinity treatments with supplemental Ca. With NaCl‐salinity, cultivars which had lower shoot and root Na+ concentrations were found to be more salt sensitive and had significantly lower amounts of dry matter production than those cultivars which had higher shoot and root Na+ concentrations. It was concluded that Na+ exclusion from the shoot was not correlated with and was an unreliable indicator of salt tolerance for maize.  相似文献   

7.
In order to study the effects of salinity and water stress on growth and macronutrients concentration of pomegranate plant leaves, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with 0, 30, and 60 mM of salinity levels of sodium chloride and calcium chloride (1:1) and three irrigation intervals (2, 4, and 6 days) with 3 replications on ‘Rabab’ and ‘Shishegap’ cultivars of pomegranate. The results of the shoot and root analysis indicated that the salinity and drought affected the concentration and distribution of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl?), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), and phosphorus (P+) in pomegranate leaves. Mineral concentrations of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), potassium (K+), in shoots and roots were increased with increasing salinity. Drought treatments increased the concentration of Cl?, Na+, and Mg2+ in the shoot. Both cultivars showed significant differences in the concentrations of elements, however the most accumulation of Na+ and Cl? was observed in ‘Rabab,’ while the ‘Shishegap’ cultivar had the most absorption of K+. ‘Shishegap’ cultivar showed higher tolerance to salinity than ‘Rabab’ through maintaining the vegetative growth and lower chloride transport to the shoot, and improvement of potassium transport to shoot.  相似文献   

8.
不同基因型小麦对NaCl胁迫的反应   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
在液培条件下研究了NaCl胁迫对小麦生长及体内矿质营养含量的影响。结果表明 ,与对照相比 ,NaCl胁迫明显降低了小麦地上部、地下部的干、鲜重以及降低根中钾和镁含量 ,而茎叶中钾和镁含量仅在 200mmol/LNaCl处理时降低 ;提高了茎叶和根中钠含量和根中钙含量 ,茎叶钙含量在 50mmol/L时降低、200mmol/L时上升。植株茎叶钠含量与生物量高度负相关。4个品种抗盐性大小的顺序是 :J9428LK7LK6J411。  相似文献   

9.
为揭示不同白榆(Ulmus pumila L.)品系对滨海盐碱地土壤盐分的改良作用及盐分离子在土壤-白榆系统中的分布与吸收特征,筛选适宜在滨海盐碱地造林的耐盐白榆品系,以中度盐渍化生境下4年生的6种白榆品系(1,5,28,30,46,105号)为试验材料,采用野外取样与室内测试相结合的方法,研究了Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+等盐离子在土壤及白榆品系各器官(根、茎、叶)中的分布特征。结果表明:(1)白榆可降低滨海盐碱地土壤中盐离子及全盐含量,不同白榆品系较对照的土壤全盐含量降低了55.0%～63.1%,30号白榆降幅最大。(2)不同白榆品系将Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+优先积累到叶中,且叶中维持较高的K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+、Mg2+/Na+比值,不同白榆品系通过建立新的离子平衡以适应盐胁迫环境。(3)不同白榆品系的离子吸收选择性系数均为SK,NaSCa,NaSMg,Na,其对K+的吸收选择性大于对Ca2+、Mg2+吸收选择性;种内差异导致不同白榆品系对Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+吸收选择能力不同,28号白榆根系对K+的吸收性最强,5号白榆根系对Ca2+、Mg2+的吸收性最强。  相似文献   

10.
ABSTRACT

The present work was aimed at determining the limits of tolerance to sodium chloride (NaCl) of a halophyte, Beta macrocarpa Guss (wild Swiss chard). Five week-old plants were cultivated with a nutritive solution to which was added 0, 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl. Plants were harvested after four weeks of treatment. The growth (fresh and dry weight, leaf surface area, and leaf number), water contents, and the mineral composition (meq · g?1 DW) of roots and leaves (reduced nitrogen (N), K+, Ca2 +, Na+, Cl?) were determined on individual plants. Results show that Beta macrocarpa can tolerate up to 200 mM NaCl. A significant decrease in biomass production (to 50% of control) was observed only for 300 mM NaCl. In the latter treatment, leaf mean surface area was 25% of control. The shoot-to-root ratio was not changed. Leaf hydration was not modified by salt treatment. This ability of the plant to maintain the hydric equilibrium of its leaves seemed associated with an efficient intracellular compartmentalization of Na+ and Cl? ions. Salt treatment had little effect on N content (80% of control), but decreased significantly K+ and Ca2 + contents. These three essential elements could be limiting for growth of leaves and roots of plants challenged by NaCl.  相似文献   

11.
Chinese Iris (Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz.) is a monocotyledonous halophyte, which is considered an important salt-tolerant species. In this study, the plant growth, ion absorption and transportation and leaf secretion characteristics of Iris under sodium chloride (NaCl) stress were investigated using nutrient solutions with four NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 300 mmol L?1. The main results indicated that Na+ secretion accounted for 5.7–11.5% of the ion distribution pattern of 90% of the ions accumulated in vivo by Iris. The ion transportation ratio was potassium > magnesium > calcium > sodium, (K+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Na+), K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+, Mg2+/Na+ in the shoot were greater than those in the root. K–Na and Ca–Na selectivity ratios showed an increasing trend overall. The contribution of salt secretion to the salt tolerance of Iris was tiny, which will be discussed in further research, achieving ion balance in vivo through selective absorption and transportation under salt stress is undoubtedly a primary salt-tolerance adaptation mechanism of Iris.  相似文献   

12.
Salt stress has become a major menace to plant growth and productivity. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Rhizophagus intraradices) in combination or not with plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR; Pseudomonas sp. (Ps) and Bacillus subtilis) on the establishment and growth of Sulla coronaria plants under saline conditions. Pot experiments were conducted in a greenhouse and S. coronaria seedlings were stressed with NaCl (100 mM) for 4 weeks. Plant biomass, mineral nutrition of shoots and activities of rhizosphere soil enzymes were assessed. Salt stress significantly reduced plant growth while increasing sodium accumulation and electrolyte leakage from leaves. However, inoculation with AMF, whether alone or combined with the PGPR Pseudomonas sp. alleviated the salt‐induced reduction of dry weight. Inoculation with only AMF increased shoot nutrient concentrations resulting in higher K+: Na+, Ca2+: Na+, and Ca2+: Mg2+ ratios compared to the non‐inoculated plants under saline conditions. The co‐inoculation with AMF and Pseudomonas sp. under saline conditions lowered shoot sodium accumulation, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to non‐inoculated plants and plants inoculated only with AMF. The findings strongly suggest that inoculation with AMF alone or co‐inoculation with AMF and Pseudomonas sp. can alleviate salt stress of plants likely through mitigation of NaCl‐induced ionic imbalance, thereby improving the nutrient profile.  相似文献   

13.
The relationships between salinity and mineral nutrition are extremely complex and may change depending on many factors in soil-plant system. We investigated the contribution of silicon (Si at 50 mg kg?1 soil) and potassium (K at 40 and 60 mg K2O kg?1 soil) to improve salt tolerance in sunflower grown with 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl). The experimental design was factorial based on a completely randomized design with five replications. Added NaCl increased sodium ion (Na+) accumulation by 966 percent in shoots and 1200 percent in roots but reduced shoot potassium ion (K+) concentration by 49 percent, root K+ 51 percent, and shoot K+/Na+ ratio 95 percent. However, Si and K application effectively reduced Na+ accumulation and increased K+ concentration and K+:Na+ ratio, with a significant improvement in plant growth and yield. Among all treatments, greater alleviative effects of Si and K were observed for 50 mg Si + 60 mg K2O kg?1 soil, which decreased shoot Na+ concentration by 67 percent, root Na+ 18 percent, and shoot Na+/root Na+ ratio 60 percent and increased shoot K+ by 198 percent, shoot K+/Na+ ratio 812 percent, membrane stability index (MSI) 35 percent, relative water content (RWC) 26 percent, and seed weight head?1 86 percent compared to salt-stressed plants without supplemental Si and K. Most of the plant growth parameters were negatively correlated with Na+ accumulation but positively correlated with K+ and K+/Na+ ratio. This study suggests that Si and K mediated reduction in Na+ accumulation, and increase in K+ concentration, K+/Na+ ratio, RWC, and MSI are the main factors contributing to improved adaptation capability of sunflower to NaCl stress.  相似文献   

14.
The increasing demand for fertilizers and the fact that the world reserves of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are depletable make appropriate soil management a critical factor in agriculture. Techniques for the fertilizer use and soil acidity corrective are becoming increasingly necessary to minimize the cost of yield and increase the nutrient efficiency. In view of the aforementioned, the present study aimed to assess the effects of gypsum application on the leaching of cations in the soil profile. A completely randomized design in a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement, with five replicates, was used. The treatments corresponded to five gypsum rates (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 magnesium (Mg) ha?1) applied on broadcast of soil and at four depth sampled (0–5, 6–10, 11–15, and 16–20 cm). Gypsum application increased the fertility in depth, with the leaching of cations. There was an increase in soil pH, exchangeable K+ and calcium (Ca2+), sulfur (S–SO42?), P, boron (B), and manganese (Mn) concentration, cation exchange capacity (CEC), K+ and Ca2+ saturation, Ca2+/Mg2+, Ca2+/K+, and K+/(Ca2+ + Mg2+) ratios, and electrical conductivity in soil depth. On the other hand, there was a decrease in exchangeable Mg2+ and potential acidity hydrogen and aluminum (H+ + Al3+), available silicon (Si), Mg2+ saturation, and Ca2+/K+ and Mg2+/K+ ratio. These results demonstrate that the gypsum application in an Oxisol with 690 g kg?1 of clay improves the root system with a significant increase in the soil fertility in the profile.  相似文献   

15.
To successfully use salt water for crop production and start a breeding program, more information is needed about the response of salt‐tolerant plants to saline environments. The objective of this experiment was to test the growth of 12 cultivars of the United Arab Emirates date palm seeds at four sodium chloride (NaCl) levels. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Optimal growth was found at control and 3000 ppm of NaCl. Relative growth rate (RGR), biomass, and number of leaves (NL) decreased significantly by increasing salinity. Increased NaCl leads to significant decreases in potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), and calcium (Ca2+) contents of plants. The Na/K ratios were lower in shoots than in roots. ‘Lulu,’ ‘Fard,’ ‘Khnaizi,’ ‘Nabtat Safi,’ and ‘Razez’ cultivars showed greater RGR and biomasses, whereas ‘Khnaizi,’ ‘Mesally,’ and ‘Safri’ had greater Na/K ratios than others in the control indicating greater Na+ discriminations from plant parts.  相似文献   

16.
Zygophyllum xanthoxylum is a salt‐accumulating xerophytic species with excellent adaptability to adverse environments. Previous studies demonstrated that Z. xanthoxylum absorbs a great quantity of Na+ as an osmoregulatory substance under arid conditions. To investigate the nutritional status of Z. xanthoxylum in comparison with a typical glycophyte, Arabidopsis thaliana, seedlings were exposed to NaCl (50 mM for Z. xanthoxylum and 5 mM for A. thaliana), osmotic stress (–0.5 MPa), and osmotic stress combined with the NaCl treatment. Compared to the control, NaCl treatment or osmotic stress significantly increased Na+ concentration in leaves and roots of Z. xanthoxylum, but not of A. thaliana. Under osmotic stress, the addition of NaCl significantly increased Na+ concentration in leaves and roots of Z. xanthoxylum, resulting in improved biomass and tissue water content. However, such changes were not observed in A. thaliana. Compared to the control, K+ concentrations in leaves and roots remained unchanged in Z. xanthoxylum when exposed to osmotic stress, with or without additional 50 mM NaCl. In contrast, significant reductions in shoot K+ concentrations of A. thaliana were observed under osmotic stress alone or when combined with 5 mM NaCl. Moreover, NaCl alone or when combined with osmotic stress enhanced the accumulation of N, P, Fe, Si, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in Z. xanthoxylum, but did not cause such nutritional changes in A. thaliana. Compared to the glycophyte A. thaliana, Z. xanthoxylum could accumulate Na+ and maintain the stability of nutritional status at a relatively constant level to cope with drought stress.  相似文献   

17.
Two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with differential salinity tolerance were compared by evaluating the growth attributes, pigment composition and accumulation of Na+, K+, Zn2+, Fe 2+, Mn 2+ and proline. Wheat cultivars Al-Moiaya (AM) (salt tolerant) and Habbe-Druma (HD) (salt sensitive) were subjected to four levels of salinity (1.21 dS m?1, 4.4 dS m?1, 8.8 dS m?1 and 13.2 dS m?1) in factorial combinations with three drought stress (FC 30%, FC 60% and FC 90%) treatments in a randomized complete block design. Plant dry weight, leaf area ratio (LAR), soluble protein and total chlorophyll (Chl) content were higher in AM than HD. Salt-tolerant AM maintains a higher K+/ Na+ ratio and thereby is able to grow better than the salt-sensitive HD under both the stresses. The lower foliar Na+ in AM resulted in retention of higher Chl content, reflected in the strong positive correlations between plant ion status and Chl contents (Na+-Chl r2 = 0.83; Chl- Fe2+ r2 = 0.76; Zn2+ r2 = 0.93 and Mn2+ r2 = 0.88). In conclusion, our results suggested that the K+/Na+ ratio, exclusion of Na+ and ion homeostasis play much more important roles in the tolerance to salinity and drought stress than the compatible osmolyte, proline.  相似文献   

18.
Plant dry matter accumulation rate (DMAR), relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage percentage (ELP), chlorophyll content, osmotic adjustment ability (OAA), and osmotica accumulation in leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings under different levels of dehydration and salinity stress induced by iso-osmotic PEG (polyethylene glycol) or sodium chloride (NaCl) were evaluated. Plants were subjected to four stress treatments for 10 days: ?0.44 MPa PEG6000, ?0.44 MPa NaCl, ?0.88 MPa PEG6000, ?0.88 MPa NaCl. Results showed that PEG and NaCl treatments decreased the plant's DMAR and RWC, and NaCl treatments had more severe inhibitory effect on the plants than PEG treatments. Leaf ELP in sunflower seedlings increased after NaCl and PEG treatments. However, leaf ELP under salt stress was higher than that under dehydration stress (PEG treatment). All stress treatments increased OAA in plant leaves. Leaf OAA was enhanced significantly as PEG concentration increases, while leaf OAA was less enhanced at higher concentration of NaCl. OAA of sunflower leaves under dehydration stress was due to an increase in potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), amino acid, organic acid, magnesium (Mg2+), and proline content. OAA of sunflower leaves under moderate salt stress was owing to an increase in K+, chlorine (Cl?), amino acid, organic acid, sodium (Na+), and proline content, and was mainly due to an accumulation of K+, Cl?, Na+, and proline under severe salt stress.  相似文献   

19.
The effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and putrescine (Put) on antioxidant enzymes activity, proline contents and nutrients uptake were studied on salt tolerant citrus rootstock sour orange. Six-month-old nucellar seedlings grown in pots and subjected to three levels of PBZ and two levels each of salinity and Put for 90 days. Seedlings treated with PBZ or Put alone or in combination had higher anti-oxidant enzymes activities, accumulation of proline and nutrients contents like potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) under both saline and non-saline conditions. Further, application of PBZ or Put alone or in combination also reduced the accumulation of both Na+ and Cl? ions in leaves and roots in NaCl stressed seedlings. A combined application of 250 mg L?1 PBZ and 50 mg L?1 Put proved to be more effective in improving proline and Ca2+ content and restricting accumulation of Na+ ions in leaf tissues.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

A greenhouse experiment was conducted on two salt‐tolerant, two moderately tolerant, and two sensitive Iranian and exotic bread wheat cultivars and their F1 generations to investigate the effect of salt stress on ion contents of young leaves, biomass yield, and salt stress tolerance index. The materials were evaluated in gravel culture under high salinity (EC=22.5 dSm?1) and nonstress (EC=2.0 dSm?1) conditions. Results of stress intensity showed that K+/Na+ ratio, biomass yield, and Na+ concentration were most affected by salt stress. There was no genetic relationship between Mg2+ and Ca2+ contents with salt tolerance. However, strong relationships were observed among K+/Na+ ratio, biomass yield, and stress tolerance index. Factor analysis revealed four factors, which explained 99.79% of the total variation among characters. Three‐dimensional plots based on the first three factor scores confirmed that the most salt‐tolerant cultivar was Roshan (an old Iranian cultivar), and Roshan×Alvand and Kharchia×Roshan and their reciprocal crosses were the best salt‐tolerant crosses.  相似文献   

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