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1.
南靖丘陵竹杉混交造林与裸地种竹效果分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对闽南丘陵生态气候特点，南靖林场在杉木迹地更新二代杉木２年后大套种毛竹与裸地种竹进行比较，结果表明竹杉混交可提高毛竹造林成活率和新竹生长率，新竹数量多、质量好、竹竹鞭生长快，容易蔓延成林。以杉木初值密度１４２５株／ｈｍ＾２的低密度套种３００株／ｈｍ＾２母竹，造林效果好。裸地种竹可在山洼下坡水湿条件好的立地条件采用。 相似文献
2.
通过３种不同密度近熟杉木林套种毛竹及裸地种竹等试验,比较分析成活率、新竹及竹鞭生长指标,结果表明：各种经营模式中,杉木近熟林分中套种有利于提高毛竹成活率及长竹率,但发笋长竹数以裸地种竹为最多;新竹的生长以杉木密度为２２５株·ｈｍ－２的林分最好,其次为３７５株·ｈｍ－２、裸地种竹和６００株·ｈｍ－２的林分;单根竹鞭长和鞭节长随林分郁闭度增大而增加,而总鞭长、竹鞭数及竹鞭断梢率则相反;近熟杉木林套种毛竹以密度为２２５株·ｈｍ－２的较理想。 相似文献
3.
杉木成林林间套种毛竹更新造林的主要方法是：在即将达到成熟林的杉木近熟林分内通过成林疏伐，在疏伐后的空地上套种一定数量的毛竹，使之形成短期的杉、竹混交林。在杉木进行全面主伐后，很快形成毛竹的有林地林分。 相似文献
4.
针对闽南丘陵生态气候特点，南靖林场在杉木迹地更新二代杉木2年后套种毛竹与裸地种竹进行比较，结果表明，竹杉混交可提高毛竹造林成活率和新竹生长率，新竹数量多、质量好、竹鞭生长快，容易蔓延成林．以杉木初植密度1425株／hm~2的低密度套种300株／hm~2母竹，造林效果较好．裸地种竹可在山洼、中下坡水湿条件较好的立地采用． 相似文献
5.
为探讨闽楠不同苗龄与规格的容器苗在杉木林下套种和裸地造林下生长情况及光照需求特性,采用6种不同规格的闽楠苗木分别在杉木林下套种和裸地造林,比较其生长差异和对不同生境的响应。结果表明：(1)闽楠在幼林阶段,强光照直接影响闽楠的生长,但随着树龄的增长,闽楠需光性增强,闽楠在杉木林下套种和裸地造林的生长差异逐步缩小;(2)闽楠的Ⅰ级苗比Ⅱ级苗造林效果好,且在裸地造林时,其生长差异更明显;(3)闽楠在杉木林下套种和裸地造林均表明采用较大规格的容器苗造林效果较好,特别是闽楠在裸地造林时,建议采用3年生Ⅰ级的大规格容器苗造林,更有利于快速形成林分环境,提高造林效果。 相似文献
6.
杉木林采伐迹地在留养部分杉木萌条的同时,栽种毛竹形成杉竹混交林,比单一营造毛竹林节约造林成本,又可使采伐迹地提前恢复森林环境.皖南山区杉木商品林采伐迹地面积较大的地区,采用杉竹混交,迹地更新,在生产上是较为适用的营林方式. 相似文献
7.
对马尾松中龄林（处理1）、近熟林（处理2）及杉木中龄林（处理3）、近熟林（处理4）等四种林分林下套种的5年生草珊瑚进行调查分析。结果表明：4种林分林下套种草珊瑚的平均株高、地径以及干物质含量均表现为：处理3 <处理1 <处理4 <处理2,且在马尾松近熟林分中套种的草珊瑚平均株高、地径分别达到了1.26 m、9.17 mm,分别高于杉木中龄林分的43.18%、37.07%;马尾松近熟林分中套种的草珊瑚单珠鲜重与干重分别达到了580.92 g、255.36 g,比杉木中龄林分的311.61 g、155.31 g分别高出86.43%、64.42%,马尾松近熟林分中套种的草珊瑚综合生长表现最好。 相似文献
8.
利用福建省三明市和建瓯市不同生境、造林模式闽楠人工林的24块代表性样地材料,对其生长及林分分化进行系统研究。结果表明:45龄闽楠人工纯林北坡、东坡林分树高均值明显高于西坡、南坡,而南坡、东坡林分平均胸径显著较北坡、西坡大,中坡、下坡生长明显优于上坡;45龄不同混交类型闽楠人工林中,与杉木混交效果较好,显著优于分别与福建柏、毛竹、木荷混交的林分;8 10龄弱光环境下闽楠林分在马尾松冠下和杉萌套种模式时生长较好,其树高、胸径显著大于杉木冠下闽楠林分;相同坡向、坡位、混交林及马尾松冠下闽楠人工林树高、胸径变异较小,而冠幅变异较大。不同微环境和造林模式的闽楠人工林径阶分布采用Weibull分布函数拟合,效果较好,各坡向、坡位闽楠人工纯林、与毛竹混交的林分及弱光条件下闽楠幼林均为倒"J"型分布,即其林分结构相对稳定、竞争较合理,而分别与杉木、福建柏和木荷混交的林分径阶呈单峰左偏山状分布,表明其处于竞争的自然稀疏后期;不同生境、造林模式闽楠林分林木分级显示,除杉萌套种和杉木冠下林分各级林木所占比例相对分散外,其他调查林分Ⅱ级木、Ⅲ级木占主导地位。因此,营建闽楠人工林应依据不同培育目标进行立地、混交模式及微环境选择,其人工林分宜选偏阳、半阳坡、中下坡,造林时尽可能选庇荫微环境,至中龄期可逐步移除冠层树种;杉木为其较理想伴生树种,与杉木混交林分的生长后期或杉萌套种闽楠林分郁闭期,建议间伐伴生树种;而弱光微环境应首选立地较好的马尾松冠下。 相似文献
9.
研究林木竞争关系,有助于了解林木生长规律,帮助制定科学有效的营林措施。本文基于树冠因子的林木竞争指数,提出了一种顾及林分地形因子的树冠竞争指数,并把这两种指数与基于交角的林木竞争指数以及简单竞争指数在不同林分中的适应性进行对比。同时用这四种指数计算不同树种组成的林分以及杉木林中不同龄组、坡向、坡度的林分中单木受到的平均竞争。结果表明四种指数中简单竞争指数的相关性最高,顾及地形的树冠竞争指数次之,基于交角的林木竞争指数相关性最低;在不同树种组成的林分中马褂木样地单木受到的平均竞争最大,马褂木杉木混交林最小,其它两种林分次之;在杉木林分中,中龄林单木受到平均竞争要大于成熟林,阴坡样地中单木受到平均竞争要大于阳坡,单木受到的平均竞争随坡度增大而增大。因此四种指数中简单竞争指数的适用性最好;在杉木林经营中,中龄林需要及时间伐;在造林过程中阴坡的林地造林密度要适当小于阳坡、坡度级大的林地要小于坡度级小的林地。 相似文献
10.
毛竹林前期混交营造技术初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对毛竹与杉木、泡桐或樟树的混交造林实践,结果表明:新造毛竹林同时套种杉木、泡桐或樟树,可以使林地空间前期得到充分利用,林分得到提早郁闭,造林成本早日收回。只要适时伐除混交树种,毛竹林便满园成林,可以实现成功混交。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献