首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A serologic survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies to alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AHV-1) in captive exotic ruminants within the United States. Forty-six percent of the members of the subfamily Alcelaphinae (wildebeest, topi, hartebeest) in the family Bovidae had virus-neutralizing antibody to AHV-1. Other subfamilies of Bovidae with high prevalence of virus-neutralizing antibodies to AHV-1 included Hippotraginae (oryx and addax) and Caprinae (sheep and goats), with prevalence of 45% and 29%, respectively. Herpesviruses that have been isolated from captive exotic ruminant species, including healthy animals and those with clinical malignant catarrhal fever at the Oklahoma City Zoo and the San Diego Zoo/Wild Animal Park, were analyzed by DNA restriction enzyme analysis and blot hybridization. Variation has been detected among the genomes of several malignant catarrhal fever virus isolates obtained from various exotic species of ruminants, using the DNA restriction enzymes BamHI and HindIII. The DNA of these virus isolates is distinct from that of bovine herpesviruses 1, 2, and 4, as demonstrated by restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid hybridization. On the basis of restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid hybridization data, the DNA from each of the putative alcelaphine herpesvirus isolates examined, except for the topi virus isolate, had a high degree of DNA sequence similarity with the original AHV-1 isolate, WC-11, from a blue wildebeest.  相似文献   

2.
The antibody response of rabbit to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus was examined. Two rabbits were inoculated with IBR virus strain Los Angeles into the trachea and intravenously, and intravenously two times, respectively. The patterns of antibody titers in the rabbits measured by neutralization test and ELISA were similar to those in the case of bovine. The antibody was detected after the inoculation, and much more antibody was detected after the second inoculation. The fact suggests that rabbits are a very useful laboratory animal for IBR virus infection studies.  相似文献   

3.
Reference strains and field isolates of herpesviruses recovered from cattle in the United States were compared by restriction endonuclease (RE) analysis and the indirect fluorescent antibody test. As a result of these comparisons, 5 major biotypes of bovine herpesvirus (BHV) were defined. These types were (i) infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (BHV-1), (ii) bovine herpes mammillitis virus (BHV-2), (iii) malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) virus (herpesvirus alcelaphinae), (iv) the group of slow-growth isolates represented by the prototype strain Movar 33/63 (bovine cytomegalovirus candidate), and (v) the syncytia-forming Pennsylvania 47 strain. Bovine herpesvirus-1 and BHV-2 did not cross-react serologically with any other type of BHV tested. A low, but consistent level of serologic cross-reactivity was detected among MCF virus, the Movar group, and Pennsylvania 47. Several nonsyncytial, slow-growth strains, which were recovered from dissimilar clinical syndromes and were serologically related to Movar 33/63, exhibited similar DNA RE cleavage patterns, confirming their identity as members of a single type. There was no isolate from American domestic cattle similar to the African MCF virus, which has been sporadically isolated from exotic ruminants in the United States. The African MCF virus isolated during a MCF epizootic in a United States zoo exhibited some DNA RE cleavage differences in comparison with the MCF virus world prototype strain WC 11, indicating that strain diversity exists within this biotype.  相似文献   

4.
A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was developed to detect antibodies to the group antigen of bluetongue virus (BTV). The epitope recognized by the BTV-specific monoclonal antibody was confirmed, by immunofluorescence staining of monolayers of virus-infected Vero cells, to be present on BTV serotypes 2, 10, 11, 13, and 17 but not on epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotypes 1 and 2. Sera from BTV-inoculated ruminants and rabbits were used to evaluate the cELISA and to compare its specificity and sensitivity with that of the conventional BTV-specific agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and serum neutralization (SN) tests. Rabbit antisera to the 5 serotypes of BTV present in the United States had cELISA titers (inverse of the final dilution of serum that gave greater than 20% inhibition) that ranged from 32 to greater than 1.024. Seroconversion of the 8 calves and lambs inoculated with BTV was detected by all 3 serologic tests (SN, AGID, cELISA) by 6 weeks after inoculation. Specificity of the cELISA test was confirmed with bovine sera that contained neutralizing antibodies to EHDV but not to the 5 serotypes of BTV present in the United States; these sera gave positive results by AGID test but were negative by cELISA. The sensitivity and specificity of the cELISA test was further confirmed by analysis of a panel of bovine test sera supplied by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories, indicating that the cELISA is a superior test for detection of BTV group-specific antibodies in sera from ruminants in the United States.  相似文献   

5.
Serum samples were collected from early weaned fall calves shortly after the onset of respiratory tract disease. Antibody titers to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus, parainfluenza type 3 (PI-3) virus, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus, bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV-3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were determined on paired (acute and convalescent) serums. Seroconversion rate (a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titer) for IBR virus was 4.3%, PI-3 virus--16.3%, BVD virus--9.6%, and BAV-3--2.2%. Seroconversion for BRSV was 45.4%. An increased rate of seroconversion for IBR, PI-3, and BVD viruses and BAV-3 was observed in the presence of BRSV seroconversion. These results suggest that BRSV may facilitate infection by other viruses. Results of virus isolation procedures from these calves were negative.  相似文献   

6.
Recurrent infection in calves vaccinated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-(IBR) modified live virus was induced by dexamethasone (DM) treatment given 49 days after challenge exposure with virulent IBR virus. Nonchallenge-exposed IM and intranasally vaccinated calves did not excrete the virus after DM treatment; however, IM and intranasally vaccinated and subsequently challenge-exposed calves excreted the challenge-exposure virus into the nasal secretions 5 to 11 days and 6 to 10 days after the DM treatment, respectively. The calves were killed 15 to 18 days (experiment 1) and 14 days (experiment 2) and DM treatment was started and then were examined by histopathologic and fluorescent antibody techniques. All DM-treated calves that were inoculated with the vaccinal virus and challenge exposed with the virulent virus developed nonsuppurative trigeminal ganglionitis and encephalitis. On the contrary, the DM-treated nonchallenge-exposed vaccinated calves did not have lesions in the peripheral nervous system and CNS. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus antigens were not observed in tissues of any of the calves examined (experiments 1 and 2) by fluorescent antibody techniques. These observations indicated that the modified live IBR virus neither produced lesions nor induced latent infection and that modified live IBR virus vaccination did not protect the calves against the establishment of a latent infection after their exposure to large doses of the virulent IBR virus.  相似文献   

7.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplemental dietary chromium (Cr) on antibody responses of feedlot calves. Fifty-five newly weaned calves were divided into two groups, 28 that received supplemental Cr and 27 that did not, and were immunized with a commercial vaccine against bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus (IBR) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3(PI-3). Sera harvested from blood sampled preimmunization, and at days 14 and 28 postimmunization (PI), were assayed for anti-IBR and anti-PI-3 antibody titers. Individual calves were also scored as seroconverters if day 14 or 28 PI titers were > or = 3 times the value of the preimmunization titer. Thirty-five calves did not seroconvert to either antigen. Of 20 IBR seroconverters, 15 calves were from the Cr-supplemented group while only five calves were controls (p = 0.007). There was no treatment difference in the number of PI-3 seroconverters. Least squares analysis of actual antibody titers revealed that Cr supplementation increased the magnitude of the peak antibody response to the IBR (p = 0.003), but had no effect on anti-PI-3 antibody titers. These data confirmed and extended our previous observations that supplemental Cr can be immunomodulatory in cattle.  相似文献   

8.
Six calves inoculated intranasally with a vaccinal strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus and 6 control calves were given a placebo. All calves were subsequently challenge exposed (by aerosol) with rhinovirus--3 of the calves from each group at 2 days after they were inoculated with IBR virus or with placebo and the remaining calves at 6 days. Nasal excretion of viruses, interferon (IFN) concentrations in nasal secretions (NS), and neutralizing antibody in sera and NS were determined. All calves given the vaccinal IBR virus subsequently had IFN in their NS. Interferon was detected as early as 1 day, reached maximal titers at 2 to 4 days, and persisted in individual calves for 5 to 10 days after inoculation. Rhinovirus shedding was not detected from IBR virus-inoculated calves whose NS contained both rhinovirus antibody and IFN at the time of challenge exposure; such calves were protected at either 2 or 6 days after IBR virus inoculation. The outcome of rhinovirus challenge exposure of calves whose NS contained IFN, but not rhinovirus antibody, varied with the day of challenge exposure. Rhinovirus excretion was detected from 2 of these calves challenge exposed 2 days after IBR virus inoculation, but was not detected from a calf challenge exposed 6 days after inoculation. However, while IFN was present in NS from the former 2 calves, rhinovirus shedding was markedly reduced as compared with that from control calves without IFN or NS antibody at the time of challenge exposure. Consistent relationship was not observed between the rhinovirus neutralizing antibody titer of calves' sera and NS. The antibody titer of NS more closely correlated with protective immunity to rhinovirus infection than did the serum antibody titer.  相似文献   

9.
The pathogenesis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus (bovine herpesvirus-1) was studied in porcine fetuses after in utero inoculation. Laparotomies were performed on 8 seronegative pregnant sows at 34 to 86 days of gestation, and all fetuses in 1 uterine horn of each sow were exposed to IBR virus via inoculation into the amniotic sacs. Fetuses in the other horn served as controls. Clinical signs of infection were not observed in the sows, except for 2 sows that aborted at postinoculation days (PID) 11 and 15. Fetuses of the remaining 6 sows were collected at slaughter on PID 15 to 28. Fetuses were examined for gross abnormalities, presence of IBR virus in tissues, and the formation of neutralizing antibodies to IBR virus. Of 33 inoculated fetuses from 6 sows, 10 were mummified, 11 were hemorrhagic and/or edematous, and 12 were alive. Necrotic lesions were observed on the skin and in the liver of dead and live fetuses. Virus was recovered from 29 of 33 inoculated fetuses. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was isolated from fetal skin, liver, lungs, kidney, spleen, stomach contents, brain, amniotic fluid, and placenta. Virus was isolated from 4 of 11 fetuses recovered from 1 aborting sow. Antibodies to IBR virus were not detected in sera from the sows. However, antibodies were detected in 6 of 15 fetuses inoculated at 63 to 86 days of gestation and collected at slaughter at 86 to 112 days of gestation. The youngest fetus with detectable IBR antibody was estimated to be 74 days of gestation by measuring crown-rump length of the fetus.  相似文献   

10.
Sero-prevalences of canine distemper virus (CDV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) were evaluated in 20 captive lions in two Japanese zoos. Anti-CDV antibody was detected in 13 of 20 lions. We could pursue antibody responses against CDV in three lions back to 1996. Sera collected in 1996 were negative for anti-CDV antibody, therefore, all of them showed sero-conversion in 2000. This result suggested that the epidemic of CDV infection in this zoo might have happened between 1996 and 2000. The lions were also examined for FIV and FeLV infections. We had no evidence for FeLV infection but eight lions were sero-positive for anti-FIV antibody.  相似文献   

11.
Neospora caninum is a coccidian parasite that causes disease in captive and domesticated animals and has been found in wild animals such as cervids. Sera from 150 cervids of the genus Mazama, were collected from 31 captive herds and 16 zoos from different Brazilian regions and analyzed by indirect fluorescent antibody test for anti-N. caninum antibodies. Positive reactions were found in 42% (63) of the samples and the titers varied from 50 to 51,200. Of the 86 cervids from the captive herds, 38 (44.2%) had anti N. caninum antibodies and of the 64 samples from the zoo, 25 (39.1%) were positive. No significant difference (p>0.05) was found for the occurrence values observed between the animals from captive herds and zoos as well as within the values documented for each one of the species analyzed. Therefore, the results indicate that the agent is prevalent from cervids in captivity in Brazil.  相似文献   

12.
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infection was detected by an antibody ELISA in the bulk milk of a large closed dairy herd of high health status in an area of low cattle density in East Anglia. The herd was managed under high standards of biosecurity and was known to have been serologically free of IBR virus for the previous 13 years. Although over 70 per cent of the cows had seroconverted to IBR virus no clinical signs were observed apart from a slight bilateral watery ocular discharge in a few cows, and their performance and productivity were unaffected. The causal virus, which was isolated after it had been reactivated with corticosteroid, had the DNA profile of a bovine herpesvirus type 1 strain normally associated with clinically severe respiratory disease. In spite of extensive enquiries and seroepidemiological investigations the source of the infection was not determined.  相似文献   

13.
Fifteen steers were vaccinated after shipment with a modified live virus vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine virus diarrhea (BVD), and bovine myxovirus parainfluenza-3 (PI3), and 16 unvaccinated steers were kept as controls. Geometric mean titers one month after vaccination were highest to BVD, followed by PI3 and IBR. Weight gains were higher during 30 days after vaccination in the controls. One case of acute respiratory disease developed in one vaccinated calf. Revaccination 79 days after the first dose increased antibody to PI3 and BVD virus but not IBR. In a second trial, no clinical respiratory disease developed after shipment of 13 heifers that received an antibacterial-antiviral antiserum or in the 12 controls. Weight gains 30 days after shipment were identical in both groups.  相似文献   

14.
Genital samples collected at autopsy from 193 beef cows representing 22 different herds in Northern Australia yielded only one isolate of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus. Serological evidence showed 59 per cent of similar cows had prior infection with this virus and of 19 sero-positive cows tested, 11 (58-2 per cent) shed detectable IBR virus from the vagina after treatment with corticosteroids. Transitory lesions of the vagina and vulva developed in five of the treated cows. Twenty-six (65 per cent) of 40 sero-positive bulls shed detectable IBR virus into the prepuce after corticosteroid treatment. Except for one bull, virus was not isolated after corticosteroid treatment of sero-negative animals. IBR virus and mucosal disease (MD) virus were not isolated from nasal swabs before or after corticosteroid administration. No correlation was observed between initial circulating antiboyd titre and virus excretion after treatment. There were no significant changes in levels of serum antibody during the virus excretion period.  相似文献   

15.
Bovine reproductive disease attributable to bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) was first described in Germany in the 19th century, being recognised primarily as the cause of infectious vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis until the mid-1950s when a more virulent strain of the virus (BoHV-1.1) associated with respiratory disease (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis; IBR) emerged in the western United States. Subsequently, IBR emerged as a clinical condition in Europe, from the 1970s onward. While the ability of BoHV-1 to produce respiratory disease is now well recognised, the potential negative outcomes of infection on fertility and reproduction are less frequently considered. This review was conducted against the background of the prioritization of disease caused by BoHV-1 as one of several diseases to be addressed by Animal Health Ireland, with the twin goals of summarizing the published literature on the potential outcomes of infection at different stages of breeding and pregnancy, and of describing the emergence of BoHV-1 as a significant pathogen in Ireland and the UK.  相似文献   

16.
The interferon-inducing ability of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus was determined in tissue cultures of bovine origin inoculated with untreated and ultraviolet (UV) irradiated IBR viruses. Interferon was assayed by the plaque-reduction method in bovine fetal kidney (BFK) cell cultures, using vesicular stomatitis virus as challenge virus. Highest interferon concentrations were produced by cultures of bovine fetal (BF) spleen cells and aveolar macrophage cultures derived from adult cattle. Moderate interferon concentrations were produced by peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) suspension cultures from adult cattle with serum-neutralizing antibodies against IBR virus. Cultures of PBL from 1 cow without detectable serum-neutralizing antibodies against IBR virus did not produce detectable interferon in response to IBR virus. Cultures of PBL from cattle with or without detectable serum-neutralizing antibodies against IBR virus produced interferon when stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Low levles of viral inhibitors were detected infrequently in monolayer cultures of BFK and BF nasal mucosa inoculated with UV-irradiated IBR virus and in BF tracheal organ cultures inoculated with untreated IBR virus. Interferon was not detected in fluids collected from IBR virus-exposed monolayer cultures of primary and secondary BF lung, secondary BF tracheal mucosa, secondary BF liver, secondary BF adrenal, and PBL in the 4th and 7th passages. The antiviral inhibitors from BF spleen, bovine alveolar macrophage, and PBL cultures induced with IBR virus, as well as inhibitors from PBL cultures induced with PHA, had the usual properties of interferon.  相似文献   

17.
Three hundred forty-five serum samples from 30 zoological animal species which had been imported into the United States were examined retrospectively for the presence of antibody to bluetongue viruses. Ninety eight (28.4%) were positive for antibody to bluetongue group antigen by the bluetongue agar gel immunodiffusion test. Bluetongue antibodies, most of which were against serotypes exotic to the United States, were detected in 13 animal species from Africa not previously reported to be infected by bluetongue virus. The lack of virus neutralizing antibody to any of the 20 known bluetongue virus types in four of the 28 positive serums studied may indicate the existence of new bluetongue virus serotypes, cross reactions with other orbiviruses or a more rapid decline of neutralizing than precipitating antibody. The possibility of recrudescence of bluetongue virus infection from some inapparently infected zoological animals and existence of a known bluetongue vector (Culicoides variipennis) in the United States would suggest that further assessment of bluetongue in zoological animals be made.  相似文献   

18.
A serologic survey of viral infections in captive ungulates in Turkish zoos   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Zoos and zoologic gardens make optimal environments for interspecies transmission of viral infections. There are seven zoos and several small zoologic collections in Turkey. This study aimed to determine the current status of viral infections in captive ungulates living in these environments. Blood samples were taken from 163 captive animals from two zoos. There were 39 Cameroon sheep (Ovis ammon f aries), 11 Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia), 57 pygmy goats (Capra hircus), 9 Angora goats (Capra hircus), 21 mountain goats (Capra aegagrus-aegagrus), 7 llamas (Lama glama), 8 Persian goitred gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa), 7 Caspian red deer (Cervus elaphus maral), 2 fallow deer (Dama dama), and 2 camels (Camelus dromedarius). Antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine adenoviruses (BAV-1 and -3), parainfluenzavirus 3 (PI-3), and bluetongue viruses (BTV-4 and -9) were investigated using the virus neutralization test, and malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) antibodies were screened by ELISA. All animals were negative for BVDV and BHV-1 antibodies. Seroprevalence of BAV-1, BAV-3, PI-3, BRSV, BT-4, BT-9, and MCF were detected as follows: 46.6%, 60.1%, 0.6%, 7.3%, 1.8%, 1.2%, and 51.6%, respectively. Seroprevalence of BAVs and MCF were more common than all other viruses (P < 0.0001). Ten sheep (37.0%), 48 goats (84.2), and 1 Ilama (14.2%) were the only species positive for MCF antibodies. Prevalence of BRSV and MCF antibodies were found to be significantly higher in goats than in sheep. BTV antibodies were detected both in Cameroon sheep and mountain goats and suggest that zoo animals are at risk for BTV in endemic regions.  相似文献   

19.
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is a pandemic virus that has caused mortality in numerous captive wildlife species worldwide. An experimental killed vaccine was created from two EMCV isolates associated with zoo animal mortality in the southern United States. The vaccine was tested for safety and efficacy in eleven llamas (Llama glama). All animals received an initial vaccination and a second booster vaccination 4 wk later. Serum antibody responses were monitored at initial vaccination and at 4 wks, 8 wk, 6 mo, and 12 mo postvaccination. Eight of the 11 llamas vaccinated experienced at least a 4-fold increase in serum antibody titers to EMCV. Antibody titers of those eight animals remained elevated above prevaccination levels when measured at 12 mo. The experimental killed EMCV vaccine tested may be a useful tool to prevent EMCV infection in llamas when given in 2 doses 4 wk apart, and then revaccinated or with antibody levels monitored annually thereafter.  相似文献   

20.
A capture ELISA for the detection of IgM antibodies to Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and to Bovine Respiratory Syncytial (BRS) viruses was developed. In these assays, the first monoclonal antibody to bovine IgM is used as the catching antibody while the second monoclonal detects specific antiviral antibodies. The test was evaluated on serum samples originating from both experimentally and naturally infected animals. From these studies, it has been shown that primary IBR and BRS virus infections can be confirmed using serum samples collected 5–10 days after the appearance of the clinical signs of disease.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号