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1.
First-division restitution in hybrids of Langdon durum disomic substitution lines with rye and Aegilops squarrosa 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Durum wheat ‘Langdon’(LDN) caused a high frequency of first‐division restitution (FDR) and partial fertility in hybrids with rye, Secale cereale L., and Aegilops squarrosa L. In order to determine the genetic control of FDR, a complete set of 14 Langdon durum D‐genome disomic substitution lines (LDNDS) was crossed with ‘Gazelle’ rye and one accession (RL5286) of A. squarrosa. The microsporogenesis and fertility of the hybrids were studied. The results showed that most of the hybrids expressed a high frequency of FDR and partial fertility. However, the hybrids of 2D(2A), 4D(4A), 5D(5B) and 6D(6B) crossed with both rye and A. squarrosa, as well as 1D(1A) with A. squarrosa, had either little or no FDR and were completely sterile. These hybrids had different types of first meiotic divisions compared with LDN control hybrids. The hybrids with 2D(2A), 4D(4A) and 6D(6B) had a high frequency of random segregation of chromosomes at the first division. The hybrids with 5D(5B), as expected, showed high homoeologous pairing. The hybrid of 1D(1A) with A. squarrosa had a high frequency of equational division at first division. These results suggest that the reduced or absent FDR in such hybrids might be related to the substitution of chromosomes with an FDR gene and poor compensation ability of the D‐genome chromosomes for their homoeologous A‐ or B‐ genome chromosomes. Cytological analysis suggested that chromosome 4A in LDN most likely carries a gene for high frequency of FDR in hybrids. In addition, some monads were observed at the end of meiosis in the hybrids of 3D(3A) and 6D(6A) crossed with rye. They were formed from FDR cells that failed to divide at second division, suggesting that the LDN 3A and 6A chromosomes might carry genes for normal second division of FDR cells in the rye crosses. 相似文献
2.
A rye-cytoplasmic tetraploid triticale was found in Fs progenies of crosses between tetraploid rye‘No 1323’and hexaploid triticale‘KT 77′. In the tetraploid triticale, two complete rye genomes and two mixed wheat genomes, consisting of the chromosomes 1A. 2A, 4A, 7A, 3B, 5B, and 6B are present. The rye cytoplasm did not affect stability of rye chromosome pairing during metaphase 1, since rye chromosomes participated in pairing irregularities just as did wheat chramosomes, even on a larger scale. The fertility of F0, plants ranged from 0 to 75.6 %, always associated with high grain shrivelling. The analyzed pairing behaviour of induced triploid hybrids from crosses between the tetraploid triticale and diploid rye indicates the presence of at least one wheat-rye translocation in one of the investigated triploid plants. 相似文献
3.
Common wheat × hexaploid triticale hybrids were produced and evaluated for tolerance to barley yellow dwarf virus disease (BYD). The BYD tolerance expression varied with wheat × triticale combination. The selection for BYD tolerance increased the recovery of tolerant genotypes in the next generations. Homozygous tolerant and susceptible lines were obtained in advanced generations. The rye chromosomes 1R, 2R, and 4R with 7R were transmitted as disomic or monosomic, disomic, and double disomic substitution to the late generations of ‘Musala’ (common wheat) בMuskox 658’ (triticale), ‘Encruzilhada’ (common wheat) בNord Kivu’ (triticale) and ‘Encruzilhada’× 12th. International Triticale Screening Nursery 267 (12ITSN267) (triticale), respectively. A clear association was established between the 1R chromosome of the ‘Muskox 658’ triticale line and the tolerance to BYDV. Results suggest that the 2R chromosome may be involved in BYD tolerance of ‘Nord Kivu’ triticale line. 相似文献
4.
Two sets of disomic substitution lines, derived from the cultivars ‘Presto’ and ‘Rhino’ of triticale, with rye chromosome pairs replaced by their wheat D‐genome homoeologues, were tested in hydroponic culture for nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and utilization efficiency. The effect of a substitution on the amount of absorbed nutrients was predominantly negative and proportional to the effect on plant dry matter. Significant decreases were found for the substitutions 5D(5R), 6D(6R) of both cultivars, 2D(2R), 4D(4R) of ‘Presto’ and 3D(3R) of ‘Rhino’. On the other hand, the nitrogen utilization efficiency was significantly increased in all substitution lines, with the exception of the 1D(1R) ones. The differences in phosphorus utilization were generally positive, but less pronounced, and significant only in the lines 2D(2R) and 6D(6R). The data suggest that presence of both rye and D‐genome chromosomes is conducive for the best effect of the applied N and P fertilizers. 相似文献
5.
Two series of progenies were developed from hybrids between octoploid (AABBDDRR) and tetraploid triticale ((AB)(AB)RR). One arose from the successive selfing of the F1s, while the second was established after one backcross of the F1 hybrids with the respective 8 × triticale parent. Altogether, 250 F3 and BC1F2 lines were developed, of which 112 were karyotyped in the F4/F5 or in BC1F3/BC1F4 generations using C-banding and SDS-PAGE. The 112 lines represented 61 different karyotypes, of which 39 appeared to be stabilized, having pairs of homologous wheat chromosomes only, while 22 karyotypes exhibited 1—3 heterologous pairs. The frequency of karyotypically stabilized lines originating from the series with one backcrossing was much higher (79.5 %) than those derived from the successive selfing of the F1 hybrids (51.7%). Six lines had the pure hexaploid triticale chromosome constitution. The frequency of disomic substitutions of D genome chromosomes for their homoeologous A and/or B genome chromosomes ranged from one to six per line with an average of 1.7. Except for 3B and 6B all possible D(A/B) substitutions were obtained. Chromosomes ID and 3D substituted for their homoeologues with the highest frequency, while the substitution of chromosome 4D for 4A or for 4B was the least frequent. D(R) substitutions were found in eight lines only. A complete set of 6x triticale lines was established in which chromosome ID was present in all possible combinations, i.e. single 1D(1A/1B/1R) disomic substitutions as well as disomic ID addition. 相似文献
6.
The wheat progenitors and other wild relatives continue to be important sources of genes for agronomically desirable traits, which can be transferred into durum wheat (Triticum turgidum; 2n = 4x = 28; AABB genomes) cultivars via hybridization. Chromosome pairing in durum × alien species hybrids provides an understanding of genomic relationships, which is useful in planning alien gene introgression strategies. Two durum cultivars, ‘Lloyd’ and ‘Langdon’, were crossed with diploid wheatgrass, Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14; JJ), to synthesize F1 hybrids (2n = 3x = 21; ABJ) with Ph1. ‘Langdon’ disomic substitution 5D(5B) was used as a female parent to produce F1 hybrids without Ph1, which resulted in elevation of pairing between durum and grass chromosomes – an important feature from the breeding standpoint. The F1 hybrids were backcrossed to respective parental cultivars and BC1 progenies were raised. ‘Langdon’ 5D(5B) substitution × Th. bessarabicum F1 hybrids were crossed with normal ‘Langdon’ to obtain BC1 progeny. Chromosome pairing relationships were studied in F1 hybrids and BC1 progenies using both conventional staining and fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl‐GISH) techniques. Multicolour fl‐GISH was standardized for characterizing the nature and specificity of chromosome pairing: A–B, A–J and B–J pairing. The A–J and B–J pairing will facilitate gene introgression in durum wheat. Multicolour fl‐GISH will help in characterizing alien chromosome segments captured in the durum complement and in their location in the A and/or B genome, thereby accelerating chromosome engineering research. 相似文献
7.
Crosses between octoploid and hexaploid triticales have been made m breeding programs for several years, From an analysis of the progeny of such crosses where selections for an octoploid-like phenotype had been made, it was established that 149 out of 150 lines were hexaploid in chromosome number, C-banding and in situ hybridization demonstrated that all but five of the 62 lines analyzed in detail contained visible chromosomes or segments from the D genome. Only four lines had D-genome chromosome replacing rye chromosomes. All of the remaining 53 D-genome substitutions involved the replacing of wheat chromosomes from either the A or B genomes. This establishes the ease with which D-genome genes can be placed into triticale without the loss of rye chromosomes. 相似文献
8.
Aluminum tolerance of two sets of hexaploidtriticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack)lines with disomic substitutions of theD-genome chromosomes from Triticumaestivum L. was analyzed by themodified-pulse method. Of the 20substitution lines in winter triticalePresto, and 18 lines of spring triticaleRhino, six and nine lines, respectively,showed improved tolerance relative to thatobserved in the control lines. The D-genomechromosomes in substitutions 1D(1B),3D(3A), 3D(3B), 4D(4A), 4D(4B) and 6D(6B)significantly (p<0.01) improved Altolerance in both sets of lines. Highpercentages of tolerant plants were alsoobserved in 2D(2B) and 5D(5A) substitutionsin Presto and in 2D(2A), 2D(2B), 5D(5B),6D(6A) and 7D(7A) substitution lines ofRhino. In no instance, the removal ofindividual rye chromosomes, bysubstitutions, improved Al tolerance of therecipient line. Moreover, the presence of acomplete rye genome, and especially ofchromosome 3R, was necessary for triticale'stolerance to aluminum. The results alsoindicated some effects of allelic variationpresent on both rye and wheat chromosomes,and a possibility of interactions ofvarious factors. 相似文献
9.
Triticum turgidum var. durum cv. ‘Langdon’ and the set of D-genome disomicsubstitutions in ‘Langdon’, produced at Fargo, U.S.A., were grown in a temperature controlled greenhouse and crossed with diploid spring rye (Secale cereals), to determine the effect of each substitution on 1. the crossability with rye, and 2, the viability of the resulting hybrids kernels. None of the disomicsubstitutions lines, with the possible exception of the 5D (5Bj line, gave an appreciable improvement in hybrid kernel set, -development, and -viability over the control, ‘Langdon’ The post-zygotic barrier to endosperm and embryo development, which operates in crosses between durum wheat and rye, could therefore not be suppressed by any specific chromosome of the D-genome. 相似文献
10.
Differential chromosome staining by using the Giemsa C- banding technique and test crosses have revealed rye chroma tin in the hexaploid wheat variety ‘Amigo’ which resulted from wheat crosses with the octoploid triticale ‘Gaucho’. The results demonstrated a pair of translocated wheat chromosomes involving the short arm of rye chromosome 1R and the long arm of the homoeologous wheat chromosome 1A (1Aq/1Rp translocation). The localization of the translocation breakpoint is supposed 10 be within the centromeric region. 相似文献
11.
Summary A durum wheat cultivar Langdon (LDN) and fourteen disomic D genome chromosome substitution lines of Langdon, where A or B genome chromosomes were replaced with homoeologous D genome chromosomes of Chinese Spring (CS), were used to assess the compensatory effect of the D genome chromosomes on photosynthetic rates at tetraploid level. The LDN 1D(1B) and LDN 3D(3B) lines showed significantly higher photosynthetic rates than Langdon, whereas LDN 1D(1A) and LDN 3D(3A) lines were not greatly different from Langdon. It appears that chromosomes 1B and 3B decrease photosynthesis. This suggests the differentiation of the effects on the photosynthesis within the first and third homoeologous groups. Substitution with the 2D chromosomes did not compensate the effects of either 2A or 2B chromosomes as it reduced photosynthetic rate compared to plant with either chromosomes 2A or 2B. Tetra CS had a higher photosynthetic rate than CS and Penta CS. The photosynthetic rate of CS was similar to that of Penta CS, which lacked one set of D genome. The results suggest that it may be possible to increase photosynthesis, if both sets of the D genome were entirely removed from hexaploid wheat. However, it is difficult to conclude that the lower rate of photosynthesis of the hexaploids was mainly attributable to D genome chromosome effects, because we did not find a dose dependent effect of D genome. Homoeologous differentiation of chromosomes may be involved in photosynthesis. 相似文献
12.
H. Guedes-Pinto J. Lima-Brito C. Ribeiro-Carvalho J. P. Gustafson C. O. Qualset 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(1):27-31
Limited genetic knowledge is available regarding crossability between hexaploid triticale (2n= 6x= 42, 21″, AABBRR, amphiploid Triticum turgidum L.‐Secale cereale L.) and rye (2n= 14, 7″, RR). Our objectives were to determine (1) the crossability between triticales and rye and (2) the inheritance of crossability between F2 progeny from intertriticale crosses and rye. First, ‘8F/Corgo’, a hexaploid triticale, was crossed as a female with two landrace ryes, ‘Gimonde’ and, ‘Vila Pouca’ and two derived north European cultivars, ‘Pluto’ and ‘Breno’. These crosses produced 21.7, 20.9, 5.9, and 5.6%, seed‐set or crossability, respectively, showing that the landrace ryes produced higher seed‐set than the cultivars. Second, ‘Gimonde’ rye was crossed as a male with four triticales for 3 years. The control cross, ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat × rye, produced 80‐90% seed‐set. Of the four triticales, ‘Beagle’ produced 35.7‐56.8% seed‐set. The other three triticales produced less than 20% seed‐set, showing that the triticales differ in crossability with ‘Gimonde’ rye. Third, six FiS from intertriticale crosses (‘8F/Corgo’בBeagle’, ‘Beagle’בCachirulo’, ‘Lasko’בBeagle’, ‘8F/Corgo’בCachirulo’, ‘Lasko’בCachirulo’, ‘Lasko’ב8F/Corgo’) were crossed to ‘Gimonde’ rye. Results indicated that lower crossability trait was partially dominant in the two F1S from crosses involving ‘Beagle’(high crossability) with‘8F/Corgo’ and ‘Cachirulo’(low crossability) and completely dominant in the ‘Beagle’בLasko’ cross, as it happens in wheat. Fourth, segregants in four F2 populations (‘Lasko’בBeagle’, ‘8F/Corgo’בBeagle’, ‘Lasko’ב8F/Corgo’, and‘8F/Corgo’בCachirulo’) were crossed with rye. Segregation for crossability was observed, although distinct segregation classes were blurred by environmental and perhaps other factors, such as self‐incompatibility alleles in rye. Segregation patterns showed that ‘Beagle’, with high crossability to rye, carries either Kr1 or Kr2. The three triticales with low crossability with rye were most likely homozygous for Kr1 and Kr2. Therefore, it is likely that the Kr loci from A and B genomes acting in wheat also play a role in triticale × rye crosses. 相似文献
13.
X. Q. Zhang X. P. Wang K. Ross H. Hu J. P. Gustafson C. O. Qualset 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(1):39-42
Powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminis) and yellow rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis) are the two most serious wheat diseases found in China. Rye chromosomes, carrying genes for resistance to these diseases, were introduced into common wheat in two generations using chromosome engineering and anther culture. The F1 hybrids from a cross involving a hexaploid triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) בChinese Spring’ nulli‐tetrasomic N6DT6A wheat aneuploid line were anther cultured and doubled‐haploid plants were regenerated. Using genomic in situ hybridization, C‐banding and biochemical marker analyses, one of the anther‐cultured lines (ZH‐1)studied in detail, proved to be a doubled‐haploid with one rye chromosome pair added (1R) and a homozygous 6R/6D substitution (2n= 44). The line was tested for expression of disease resistance and found to be highly resistant to powdery mildew and moderately resistant to yellow rust. 相似文献
14.
Molecular cytogenetic characterization and phenotypic evaluation of new wheat–rye lines derived from hexaploid triticale ‘Certa’ × common wheat hybrids 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hexaploid triticale contains valuable genes from both tetraploid wheat and rye and plays an important role in wheat breeding programmes. In order to explore the potential of hexaploid triticale ‘Certa’ in wheat improvement, two crosses were made using ‘Certa’ as female parent, and common wheat cultivars ‘Jinmai47’ (JM47) and ‘Xinong389’ (XN389) as male parents. The karyotyping of BCF4:5 lines from Certa/JM47//JM47 and F5:6 lines from Certa/XN389 was investigated using sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). One 1B(1R) substitution line and five 1BL.1RS whole‐arm translocation lines were identified, one of which was found lacking ω‐secalin locus. Many structural alterations on wheat chromosomes were detected in the progeny. Great morphologic differences resulting from genetic variations were observed, among which the photosynthetic capability was increased while grain quality was slightly improved. Compared with both parents, the stripe rust resistance at adult stage was increased in lines derived from Certa/JM47//JM47, while it was decreased in lines derived from Certa/XN389. These newly developed lines might have the potential to be utilized in wheat improvement programmes. 相似文献
15.
Meiosis in wide F1 hybrids in the tribe Triticeae is complex and irregular. Despite extensive research, the meiotic pathways in such hybrids
remain largely unknown. In this study, the effect of the genotypes of disomic wheat–rye substitution lines on the regulation
of meiosis in ABDR amphihaploids was analysed by comparing microsporogenesis and seed set under self pollination in hybrids
of normal bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wheats with single chromosome substitutions 1R(1A), 1Rv(1A), 2R(2D)1, 2R(2D)2, 2R(2D)3, 5R(5D), 5R(5A), 6R(6A) with rye (Secale cereale L.). Three types of meiotic pathways were identified in the hybrids: reductional, equational, and equational+reductional.
During the reductional type division, chromosomes randomly moved toward the poles at Anaphase I (AI) and separated sister
chromatids at AII. Meiosis ended with tetrad formation, and the resulting plants were sterile ((2R(2D)1 × R, 2R(2D)2 × R). In the equational type division, the chromosomes aligned along the equator at Metaphase I and at AI separated into
chromatids that moved toward the poles. This meiotic pathway led to dyad formation and partial fertility (especially in hybrids
of 1Rv(1A) and 6R(6A)). In the equational+reductional pathway, some chromosomes divided in an equational manner while others
were segregated reductionally within the same microsporocyte and this led to formation of tetrads with groups of uncoiled
chromosomes. Comparison of the frequencies of each of the three meiotic pathways in different hybrid combinations suggests
differences in contributions of individual chromosomes to the control of the entire meiotic process. 相似文献
16.
Transfer of the Glu-D1 Gene from Chromosome 1D of Breadwheat to Chromosome 1R in Hexaploid Triticale
The use of hexaploid triticale as a crop for human consumption has been limited by its inferior bread-making quality. To ameliorate this problem, a segment of chromosome ID of breadwheat with the Glu-D1d allele encoding for high molecular weight glutenin subunits 5 7plus; 10 was translocated to chromosome 1R of the hexaploid triticale ‘Rhino’ through a combination of a centric break-fusion translocation followed by 5D(5B)-induced homoeologous pairing. The resulting recombinant chromosome 1R has a small interstitial segment of ID with the Glu-D1d allele. The maximum physical length of the translocated segment is estimated at about 16.5 % of 1DL. Frequency of translocations involving the long arms of homoeologous group-1 chromosomes in the analyzed progeny suggested that homoeologous recombination in triticale was substantially higher than that previously reported in hexaploid wheat. 相似文献
17.
Chromosome location of genes affecting polyphenol oxidase activity in seeds of common and durum wheat 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
This study used cytogenetic stocks to investigate the chromosomal location of genes responsible for polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in common and durum wheat seeds. Substitution lines of chromosome 2A of hexaploid varieties ‘Cheyenne’, ‘Thatcher’ and ‘Timstein’ in ‘Chinese Spring’ showed significantly higher PPO activity than all other substitution lines of the same variety, with the exception of substitutions of ‘Cheyenne’ chromosome 3A and ‘Thatcher’ chromosome 4B. Substitution lines of chromosome 2A of Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides and of chromosome 2D of ‘Chinese Spring’ into the tetraploid variety ‘Langdon’ showed a significant increase in PPO activity relative to all other substitution lines in Langdon. The gene(s) responsible for high PPO activity in chromosome 2D from ‘Chinese Spring’ was mapped on the long arm within a deletion that represents 24% of the distal part of the arm. This study shows that genes located in homoeologous group 2 play a major role in the activity of PPO in wheat. 相似文献
18.
F1 hybrids of triticale × rye derived from commercial varieties were backcrossed to the respective triticale parent. Selfing of the backcross generation yielded a large number of 4× triticales containing a genetically balanced wheat genome. This indicates that the 28-chromosome F1 plants with the genomic constitution of ABRR produced functional 14-chromosome gametes in high frequency each with a complete wheat and rye genome. The cytological mechanism leading to the formation of tetraploid triticales is described. The chromosomal constitution of the wheat genome in the progenies of 30 back cross plants was analysed by the C-banding technique. One offspring possessed a complete B genome of wheat. The production of tetraploid triticale through backcrossing in comparison to selfing the ABRR hybrid is largely independent of the genotype; it leads to new tetraploids in just three generations and it reduces the chance of translocations between the homoeologous wheat chromosomes. The possibility of studying the effect of different mixtures of chromosomes of the A and B genomes of wheat on the phenotype of the tetraploid triticale is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Comparison of two fertility restoration systems against photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
K. Murai 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(4):363-365
A ‘two‐line system’ using photoperiod‐sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS) caused by Aegilops crassa cytoplasm under a long‐day photoperiod ( 15 h) has been proposed as a new means of producing hybrid varieties in common wheat. The PCMS line is maintained by self‐pollination under short‐day conditions, and hybrid seeds can be produced through outcrossing of the PCMS line with a pollinator under long‐day conditions. Two kinds of fertility restoration systems against the PCMS are known. One is involved with a set of multiple fertility‐restoring (Rf) genes in the wheat cultivar ‘Norin 61’ located on (at least) chromosomes 4A, 1D, 3D and 5D. The other is controlled by a single dominant major Rf gene, Rfd1, located on the long arm of chromosome 7B in the wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’. To examine the degree of fertility restoration by these two systems, nine PCMS lines were crossed with ‘Norin 61’ and ‘Chinese Spring’ as the restorer lines, and the F1 hybrids were investigated. The degree of fertility restoration was estimated by comparing the seed set rates in the F1 hybrids having the Ae. crassa cytoplasm and those with normal cytoplasm. The results revealed that the fertility restoration ability of a set of multiple Rf genes in ‘Norin 61’ was higher than that of the Rfd1 gene in ‘Chinese Spring’. 相似文献
20.
Introduction of high molecular weight glutenin subunits 5 + 10 for the improvement of the bread-making quality of hexaploid triticale 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In an earlier study, chromosome 1D of the hexaploid breadwheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ was introduced into hexaploid triticale to improve its bread‐making quality. That specific chromosome, 1D, carried the a allele at the Glu‐D1 locus coding for high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits 2 + 12, and since subunits 2 + 12 are associated with poor bread‐making quality in wheat, in the present study hexaploid 1D substitution triticale was crossed with octoploid triticale with the d allele at the Glu‐D1 locus encoding HMW glutenin subunits 5 + 10. Following backcrosses to different triticale varieties, 1D substitution lines were established that had Glu‐D1 allele a or d in an otherwise genetically similar background, and the influence of these two different alleles on bread‐making quality of hexaploid triticale was compared. The agronomic performance of 76 selected lines was evaluated in a field trial. The Zeleny sedimentation value was determined as a parameter for bread‐making quality, and related to the presence of chromosome 1D, the different glutenin alleles and the nature of the substitution. The presence of chromosome 1D had a significant and positive effect on the Zeleny sedimentation value, but the difference between the two glutenin alleles 2 + 12 and 5 + 10 was not as obvious as in wheat. Owing to its high cytological stability and minimal effect on agronomic performance, substitution 1D(1A) appears to be the most desirable one to use in triticale breeding. 相似文献