共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
不同生根剂对密枝枸杞的硬枝扦插效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《园艺与种苗》2015,(8)
[目的]为提高密枝枸杞的硬枝扦插成苗率,更好的应用于生产实践。[方法]采取田间试验方法,采用浓度为250 mg/L IBA+250 mg/L NAA、500 mg/L IBA、500 mg/L NAA、500mg/L IAA、500 mg/L ABT-6、500 mg/L GGR 6种生根剂和清水(CK)3~5秒速蘸处理密枝枸杞硬枝插条对其扦插效果的影响。[结果]250 mg/L IBA+250 mg/L NAA生根剂处理密枝枸杞硬枝插条的成活率最高,生根剂处理插条的分枝数较多,新生枝也较长,均极显著高于其他处理。[结论]生产上用IBA+NAA组合处理生根剂处理密枝枸杞硬枝插条,可极显著提高其成活率,促进根系和枝条生长,加快其繁殖速度。 相似文献
2.
[目的]研究植物生长调节剂“易丰收”对月季扦插及扦插幼苗生长发育的影响。[方法]以切花月季品种‘红色恋曲’为试验材料,采用扦插蘸根和苗床喷施2种方式,分别设计浓度梯度进行对比分析。[结果]不同稀释浓度的“易丰收”对月季扦插苗成活率及根系生长均有不同程度的促进作用,“易丰收”原液稀释至0.25 ml/L时,扦插蘸根效果最好,扦插苗成活率、根数及根系活力均达到显著增长;稀释至0.033 ml/L时,苗床喷施效果最好,幼苗的根鲜重最高,比对照增加达到显著水平。[结论]使用“易丰收”能有效提高月季扦插成活率及幼苗长势,显著提高月季幼苗,尤其是根系的生长发育。 相似文献
3.
1.本文阐述茶树不同成熟度的枝条和留叶量对扦插发根与生长的影响,探讨其在育苗上应用的价值。2.茶树的新梢由上而下,表皮从绿色依次成红棕色而至麻杆,成熟化程度亦逐渐加深,生长势随之递减,与枝条上不同部位的芽的解剖结构表现相一致。绿色巳硬化枝,愈合、发根最快、地下部与地上部生长均甚良好。依次为红棕色枝和麻杆。绿色硬枝和红棕色技易于育成壮苗,应优先选用这段枝条作为插穗。麻秆虽出圃率略低,也能育成壮苗,一般亦可采用。3.未木质化绿色软枝,在大田扦插亦能成活,不过成活率低。如能在发根前加强水分管理,发根后加强肥培管理,可望提高成活率和育成壮苗。在穗源不足的情况下,这段枝条可以适当采用。4.多叶插发根速度与一叶插相似,但根群发达,地上部生长良好,是培育壮苗的一个途径。由于枝条利用不经济,影响繁殖系数。在穗源充足的情况下,可以考虑采用2—3叶插。 相似文献
4.
为进一步缩短茶树无性苗繁育周期,提高无性苗质量,本试验以3年生台茶12号（又名金萱）茶树嫩枝为扦插材料,采用全光照弥雾快繁育苗技术,研究了插穗顶梢保留与摘除、不保留成熟功能叶、保留1~3片成熟功能叶对茶树扦插苗根系和地上部生长的影响,并于扦插前对茶树嫩枝不同部位芽叶的相关生理生化指标进行了测定分析。结果表明,随叶片成熟度增加,可溶性糖和叶绿素含量呈递增趋势。净光合速率也随叶片成熟度的增加呈递增趋势,但以第2片成熟功能叶最高。可溶性蛋白含量随叶片成熟度的增加呈下降趋势,以顶部一芽一叶含量最高。带成熟功能叶插穗成活率和生根率均为100.00%,而不带成熟功能叶的一芽一叶插穗和一芽二叶插穗成活率和生根率均仅为5.00%和23.33%。根系生长以带3片功能叶留梢插穗最好,生根早且根量大,10βd内就有大量白色根点从茎段基部冒出,60%~70%茶苗形成二次根仅需37βd,且地上部新形成的成熟功能叶数也最多,但是新梢高度增长值小于保留顶梢带1片成熟功能叶插穗,基部茎粗增长值小于带2片成熟功能叶插穗。成熟功能叶片数的增加有利于根系生长发育,提高成活率和生根率;保留顶梢插穗的根系和地上部的生长优于去梢插穗。 相似文献
5.
为了研究茶树胚根倒接嫁接方法的优劣,筛选茶树胚根倒接方法的适宜根砧、接穗品种,通过田间试验,设置胚根顺接法与倒接法2种嫁接方法,祁门槠叶种、黄山大叶种、松萝种3种根砧,红旗1号与漕溪1号2种接穗,在不同时期取样观察嫁接苗愈合、成活及生长情况。结果表明:茶树胚根嫁接后40 d愈合率为93.93%,平均成活率为99.26%;80 d后嫁接口已完全愈合,平均成活率为90.50%;145 d后平均成活率为76.1%,平均株高为20.22 cm,叶片数为5.89,平均根粗为3.73 cm;倒接法早期(40 d)愈合稍慢,但后期(145 d)生长加速,甚至超过顺接法;漕溪1号接穗为半木质化新梢,叶面积大,成活率高(80.92%),前期(40 d)以根系发育为主,80 d以后地上、地下生长速度均大于红旗1号(为木质化留养枝);不同品种茶树根砧的嫁接效果无显著性差异,嫁接后5个月,黄山大叶种的地上部分表现最好,祁门槠叶种的主根长及主、侧根鲜重等地下部分表现最好;整体来看,祁门槠叶种根砧倒接漕溪1号接穗处理为最优选择。因此,茶树胚根倒接方法技术可行,嫁接时选择大叶种茶树的未木质化或半木质化新梢作为接穗,配合亲和性强的根系粗壮的根砧,更有利于嫁接苗的成活及后期的生长发育。 相似文献
6.
[目的]研究山地杉木萌芽条扦插造林成效。[方法]在山区开展杉木萌芽条扦插造林试验,第1年造林成活率80.5%～88.4%、抽梢高度5.1～6.7 cm,第2年存活率76.0%～85.3%、幼苗高度27.4～43.8 cm。[结果]通过对比分析,山地不同部位杉木萌芽条扦插造林之间的第1年杉木成活率差异显著、第2年保存率和幼苗高度差异极显著。[结论]以山坡下部山湾处造林对杉木生长最较为有利,其效果较好。 相似文献
7.
[目的]以威代尔等葡萄品种为试材进行绿枝嫁接试验,以获得优质葡萄苗木繁育技术。[方法]采用垄式覆膜绿枝嫁接技术,对不同品种苗木特性及管理技术进行试验研究。[结果]初步得出该地区7个葡萄品种嫁接苗木生长势由高到低依次为：巨峰、茉莉香、威代尔、无核白鸡心、赤霞珠、北冰红和红提;适宜嫁接时期为6月25日—7月5日。嫁接苗第1次摘心留7片叶,顶端留2个副梢,每个副梢留1片叶,以后所有副梢均采取绝后处理。[结论]在适宜的嫁接时期,采用优质的管理技术,在辽宁朝阳地区可以获得优质的葡萄苗木。 相似文献
8.
[目的]研究提高多花山矾（Symplocos ramosissima）插穗生根率和生根质量的方法。[方法]以大理多花山矾枝条为材料,探讨不同生长调节剂、育苗基质对扦插苗生根和移植生长的影响,并筛选出扦插苗苗期适宜基肥施用量,以提高扦插苗移植的成活率。[结果]扦插前将穗条在ABT 400 mg/L+IAA 200 mg/L的混合溶液中浸蘸30 s,可以获得较好的成活率和生根效果。选取66.7%园土+33.3%椰糠混合基质进行移植,可促进多花山矾扦插苗的成活以及生长。适合多花山矾扦插苗的基肥施用最佳方案为复合肥2 g/株+复合生物菌剂1 g/株。[结论]研究得出适宜多花山矾扦插苗成活及生长的生长调节剂、育苗基质及基肥,可为多花山矾苗木生产提供良好的技术支撑。 相似文献
9.
[目的]探寻油茶无性系扦插育苗与保留不同叶面积的关系。【方法】采用随机区组设计法对油茶不同无性系扦插育苗与保留不同叶面积之间的关系进行研究。【结果】3个油茶无性系、4个处理扦插育苗当年成活率在74．1％-86．3％之间,其中A,B1处理扦插成活率较高,达86.3％;各处理扦插苗当年抽梢率和抽梢高度均低,3个油茶无性系、4个处理扦插苗抽梢率和抽梢高度分别仅0．4％～3．2％和1．2—2．3cm。[结论]油茶无性系扦插育苗宜选择B,处理．即1片叶子保留1／2叶片面积。 相似文献
10.
选择不同径阶的木麻黄无性系标准木各3株作为生物量及其空间分配特征研究对象,研究结果表明:不同径阶木麻黄无性系地上部分平均生物量占全株生物量的70.82%,地下部分占29.18%,这说明地上部分生产量高;各器官生物量分配以树干最大,果最小,表明树干是该树种的主要组成部分,且随着林龄的增加,树干生物量分配比例有增加趋势;相反,树枝、树叶、果生物量分配比例逐级降低。不同径阶木麻黄地上(干、枝、叶、果)和地下(根系)生物量的空间分配比例均约为4∶1,说明该树种地上、地下两部分分配比例遵循一定的生长规律,受木麻黄生长的影响较小。 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献