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1.
不同盐分滨海盐土上油葵(G101-B)的氮磷肥效应研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
利用田间试验研究了江苏省不同盐分滨海盐土上氮磷肥过油葵（G101-B）的综合效应，结果表明，（1）盐分、N肥、P肥对油葵的产量具有显著效应，以N肥影响最大；（2）每公顷105kg氮与81kg磷的肥料组合是两种盐分土上的油葵获得高产的最佳氮磷用量；（3）土壤不同盐分含量明显影响N、P肥对油葵的增产效应，高盐分下N、P肥对油葵的增产作用大于低盐分；（4）过磷酸钙能增强油葵对K^ 的选择性运输，提高油葵植株体内离子向上运输为K^ 、Na^ 选择性比率SR K,Na对缓解滨海盐土的盐害有明显作用。 相似文献
2.
于伯成 《中国油料作物学报》1997,(3)
试验分析表明，新疆自育油用向日葵（以下简称油葵）杂交种903、935和新葵杂2号与美国杂交种G101和G103产油量处于同一水平。美国杂交种G101和G103产油量稳定性分别优于和差于新疆自育杂交种903、935、新葵杂2号。 相似文献
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利用国外向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)杂交种及我国自交系作为基本育种材料，通过回交与自交的方法，选育出含油率高、自花结实性好、产量高的油葵新品种陕葵杂l号，陕西省油葵品种区域试验平均产量2400kg／hm^2,生产试验平均产量3450kg／hm^2，含油量47％，出仁率75％。 相似文献
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向日葵品种资源对菌核病抗性室内鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用两种不同的培养基培养核盘菌,用离体叶片接种方法对40个不同向日葵品种进行室内抗性鉴定,结果表明:在Minimal medium培养基上生长的核盘菌和PDA培养基相比,菌丝的生长速度大大降低。菌株经PDA培养基培养接种向日葵叶片后,不同向日葵品种之间抗性水平没有显著差异;而用Minimal medium培养基培养的菌株接种供试的向日葵不同品种叶片后,品种间表现出一定的抗性水平差异。依据接种后不同品种抗性水平的差异将供试向日葵品种划分为三组,即:抗病品种如食葵765、油葵KS7等,共3份;耐病品种如3146、新葵杂5号等,共9份;感病品种如LD1093、新葵杂6号等,共28份。 相似文献
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应用灰色系统理论和模糊数学对油用向日葵区试组合的评价分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
运用灰色系统理论和模糊数学对2005年和2006年全国（西北组）油用型向日葵（简称油葵）区试杂交种的亩产量、株高、盘径、茎粗、叶数、百粒重、生育期、籽实含油率、倒折率等9个性状进行了分析和综合评价,结果表明：L405的综合表现最好,其综合评价系数为0．7619;其它依次为其它依次为M0415,L406,澳葵62,M0411,TK5001和G101,综合评价系数分别为0．6353,0．6076,0．4539,0．3732,0．2658,0．2639;白葵杂8号综合表现最差,其综合评价系数仅为0．2184。这一结果与各杂交种在各地的生长情况基本一致。 相似文献
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盐碱地饲用甜菜套作油葵种植模式效益分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《中国糖料》2018,(6)
对中度盐碱地种植饲用甜菜套作油葵两种作物不同行比的4种模式进行对比试验。结果表明:处理1(带幅220 cm,种植4行饲用甜菜,3行油葵模式)综合效益突出,间作物油葵产量(154.21kg/667m2)最高,较对照(带幅80 cm,种植2行饲用甜菜,1行油葵种植模式)增产53.56%,饲用甜菜与其它3个处理对比产量减幅不大;其产值为2557.94元/667m2,纯收益为2131.94元/667m2,在4个处理中最高,较对照分别增加11.07%和13.16%。建议处理1的栽培模式可作为甘肃河西灌区中度盐碱地首选推广应用的模式种植。 相似文献
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油葵是一种新型油料作物 ,具有丰产、抗逆、油品质量好、经济效益高等优良特性 ,在我国起步虽晚 ,但发展速度快 ,目前 ,油葵已经与油菜、花生、芝麻、胡麻组成我国五大油料作物。油葵生育期短 ,适应性强 ,适用于多种种植方式。棉花苗期叶面积系数小 ,且持续时间长 ,油葵棉花套种 ,一地多用 ,有效利用早春到初夏的光热资源 ,为了探索油葵棉花套作对产量、品质效益的影响 ,2 0 0 0年进行了油葵棉花套作试验。1材料和方法试验于 2 0 0 0年在中棉所试验地进行 ;试验地土壤为壤土 ,种植方式为一熟种植和两熟麦棉套种、油葵棉花套种 ;两熟配置方式… 相似文献
9.
密度及氮磷钾施肥量对夏大豆邯豆5号产量影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以高产优质夏大豆邯豆5号为材料,采用四元二次回归正交旋转组合设计,研究种植密度和氮、磷、钾施肥量对邯豆5号产量的影响,建立了产量与种植密度和肥料之间的数学模型。结果表明,对邯豆5号产量的影响施磷量(X3)>施氮量(X2)>施钾量(X4)>种植密度(X1);邯豆5号理论产量的最大值为4399.5kg/hm2,相应的栽培措施是密度22.5万株/hm2,N120kg/hm2,P2O5180kg/hm2,K2O75kg/hm2。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献