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1.
杀菌剂对剑麻茎腐病病原菌的室内毒力测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由黑曲霉引起的剑麻茎腐病是一种毁灭性病害,对我国的剑麻产业造成极大的威胁.鉴于此,本研究在室内采用菌丝生长速率法测定了14种杀菌剂对黑曲霉病原菌的抑菌效果,同时进行药剂成本分析,结果表明:50%咪鲜胺锰盐WP的EC50最小,病原菌对它的敏感性最高,抑菌效果最好;3%甲基多抗霉素WP和40%五硝基多菌灵WP的EC50较小,病菌对它们的敏感性也较高,抑菌效果也较好;70%甲基托布津WP的EC50最大,病菌对它们的敏感性最低,抑菌效果最差.通过对药剂抑制效果和使用成本分析,建议生产上可使用50%咪鲜胺锰盐WP、40%五硝基多菌灵WP和3%甲基多抗霉素WP来防治剑麻茎腐病. 相似文献
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选择75%百菌清可湿性粉剂(WP)、36%甲霜灵锰锌悬浮剂(SC)、70%恶霉灵可湿性粉剂(WP)、50%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂(WP)、6%春雷霉素可湿性粉剂(WP)、22.5%抑霉唑乳油(EC)6种杀菌剂对3种马铃薯枯萎病病原菌进行室内毒力测定。结果表明:6种药剂对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果差异很大,50%甲基硫菌灵(WP)和22.5%抑霉唑(EC)对3种病原菌的抑菌效果均很好,EC50分别为1.69、5.59、5.03μg/mL和3.60、5.17、1.58μg/mL。 相似文献
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田旋花对7种土壤处理除草剂的敏感性测定及其防除药剂筛选 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确新疆棉田田旋花对7种土壤处理剂的敏感性,采用种子生物测定法检测了田旋花对7种土壤处理剂的敏感性,通过室内盆栽试验研究供试药剂对田旋花的防治效果。结果表明,新疆棉田田旋花对不同土壤处理剂的敏感性存在显著差异,对24%乙氧氟草醚EC的敏感性最高,对96%异丙甲草胺EC和50%扑草净WP的敏感性次之,对12.5%恶草酮EC敏感性最低。供试土壤处理剂的各处理对棉田田旋花均具有一定的抑制作用,对棉花安全。50%扑草净WP对田旋花防效显著高于其他药剂,其次为24%乙氧氟草醚EC。 相似文献
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研究了棉田7种土壤除草剂和7种茎叶除草剂对黄顶菊的防效。结果表明：土壤除草剂室内生测以48%仲丁灵EC 200～400倍防效最佳,90%乙草胺EC 200～400倍、50%敌草胺WP 133～400倍也表现出较高防效。田间土壤处理以96%精异丙甲草胺EC 720.0～1440.0 g·hm-2处理防效最佳,48%氟乐灵EC、90%乙草胺EC、50%扑草净WP也表现出较高防效。茎叶除草剂田间试验以25%氟磺胺草醚AS 281.5～563.1 g·hm-2防效最佳,20%百草枯AS中高浓度、75%三氟啶磺隆钠盐WP、75%嘧硫草醚WP和41%草甘膦AS也具有较高防效。 相似文献
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《中国马铃薯》2017,(5):296-301
为筛选可有效防治马铃薯坏疽病的杀菌剂,采用生长速率法测定了13种杀菌剂对马铃薯坏疽病病菌的抑菌作用,并对入选杀菌剂对坏疽病病菌的毒力进行了测定。结果表明,13种供试杀菌剂中有6种能有效抑制坏疽病病菌,但这6种杀菌剂毒力差异较大。EC50值由小到大依次为10%苯醚甲环唑ME3%甲霜·噁霉灵(秀苗)AS40%溴菌腈·多菌灵·福美双(炭息)WP62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈(亮盾)FS68%精甲霜·锰锌(金雷)WP80%代森锰锌(大生M-45)WP,其中10%苯醚甲环唑ME、3%甲霜·噁霉灵(秀苗)AS、40%溴菌腈·多菌灵·福美双(炭息)WP的EC50值均小于1μg/m L,说明病原菌对这3种杀菌剂更为敏感。该试验为田间防治马铃薯坏疽病提供了科学依据。 相似文献
6.
采用生长速率法，在室内测定8种杀菌剂对橡胶树红根病病原菌Ganoderma pseudoferreum(Wakef.)Over．et steinm GP-010菌株的毒力。结果表明：参试药剂对橡胶树红根病病原菌均具有较高的敏感性，其中12.5% 己唑醇WP对橡胶红根病菌生长的抑制作用最强，其EC50值为0.04 mg／L；25% 戊菌唑WP、25% 丙环唑EC的抑制作用相对较强，其EC50值分别为0.29和0.32 mg／L，其余依次为75%十三吗啉EC、20%三唑酮EC、12.5% 烯唑醇WP、25% 咪鲜胺EC及25%腈菌唑EC，EC50值分别为0.46、1.38、1.46、2.39 和2.94 mg／L。 相似文献
7.
由疫霉菌侵染引起的割面条溃疡病是我国橡胶生产中的重要病害。本研究采用菌丝生长速率法对分离自海南省儋州市的棕榈疫霉病菌HNRPP02进行了14种杀菌剂的室内毒力测定。结果表明：杀毒矾(56%代森锰锌·8%噁霜灵WP)、甲霜灵(35%甲霜灵ZGF)、阿米西达(25%嘧菌酯SC)和安克(50% 烯酰吗啉WP)的EC50最小，抑菌效果最好；霜霉威盐酸盐(66.6 %霜霉威盐酸盐AS)的EC50最大，抑菌效果最差。建议橡胶树种植中使用56%代森锰锌·8%噁霜灵WP、35%甲霜灵ZGF、25%嘧菌酯SC和50%烯酰吗 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献