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移栽期对烤烟农艺性状及经济性状与上部烟叶可用性的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在凤凰县千工坪烟区,以K 326为试验材料,研究了移栽期对烤烟病害程度、农艺性状、经济性状及上部烟叶可用性的影响,结果表明:适当推迟移栽烤烟,可显著降低上部烟叶赤星病与病毒病危害,减少上部烟叶的病斑,增加烟株株高、有效留叶数、烟叶长度与宽度,提高烟叶产量。与4月22日移栽相比,5月11日移栽的烟叶产量、产值、均价及上等烟比例分别增加489 kg/hm2,9 702元/hm2,1.4元/kg和16.7%。在湘西凤凰县或气象条件类似的植烟区,适当推迟烤烟移栽,可显著降低上部烟叶的比例,上部烟叶开片情况显著改善,提高了上部烟叶的可用性,并显著增加了产值与上等烟比例。 相似文献
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[目的]研究烟叶外观等级质量与烟叶内在品质间的关系,为烟叶分级提供一个量化的指标。[方法]以K326为材料,研究初烤烟叶的外观质量和经济性状、常规化学成分及感官评吸质量的关系。[结果]结果表明,烟叶外观质量好的烟叶在经济性状上表现为中上等烟叶比例、均价高;烟叶外观质量与常规化学成分含量之间呈负相关关系,与烟叶的感官评吸质量呈正相关关系。[结论]研究结果为烟叶生产提供了借鉴。 相似文献
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2010年在湖南龙山县研究了高海拔地区移栽期对烤烟生长及产量、产值的影响。结果表明：烤烟在5月10左右移栽,烟株产量、上等烟比例、均价及产值较高,而发病率较低。推迟或提前移栽,烟叶的发病率上升,产量、上等烟比例、均价及产值均下降。 相似文献
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小麦秸秆覆盖量对烤烟生长及烟叶产质量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用田间小区试验,研究了不同小麦秸秆覆盖量对地烟和田烟农艺性状及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明:秸秆覆盖对前期烟株生长作用不大,到后期覆盖量为500 kg/(667 m2)处理的烟株农艺性状显著优于其他处理,烟叶化学成分协调性较好、经济性状较佳,可提高上部烟叶总糖、还原糖的含量,降低中、上部烟叶氯的含量,提高中、上部烟叶的钾/氯比值,使中、上部烟叶的糖/碱比值较接近10,下部烟叶的氮/碱比值较接近1;地烟和田烟的烟叶产量、产值、均价、上等烟率和中上等烟率分别比无覆盖的对照高16.39%、31.81%、13.29%、37.72%、12.69%和15.75%、34.11%、15.88%、12.18%、8.80%。覆盖量为750 kg/(667 m2)的处理促进了下部烟烟叶品质的提高,使下部烟叶糖/碱比值较接近10。综合来看,覆盖量为500 kg/(667m2)的处理促进烟株生长、提高烟叶产质量的效果更明显。 相似文献
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为筛选出普洱地区适宜性较强的烤烟品种,发展特色优质烟叶,2009年于普洱市景东县烤烟产区比较了KRK 26,KRK 22,KRK 23,T 27四个烤烟新品种的生育期、农艺性状、经济性状(产量、产值和上等烟比例)、抗逆性和烟叶品质的差异性。结果显示:KRK 26大田生育期最短,具有较强的耐肥性和耐熟性,烟叶外观质量较好,产量可达1 772.50 kg/hm2,产值可达25 808.18元/hm2,上等烟比例可达52.46%,均表现最好。各参试品种均对黑胫病、青枯病、角斑病、根结线虫病、CM V、PVY表现出抗性,除此之外,KRK 26还对TM V表现出抗性。因此,KRK 26在当地具有较强的推广潜力。 相似文献
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散叶烘烤和挂杆烘烤的烟叶质量和经济效益分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索烤烟生产减工降本、提质增效的技术措施,研究了散叶烘烤和挂杆烘烤对烟叶质量和产量的影响,并对其经济效益进行了综合分析。结果表明：（1）每50 kg鲜烟叶散叶烘烤可产生干烟10.14 kg,较挂杆烘烤增加1.70 kg,散叶烘烤的不列级干烟较挂杆烘烤减少0.81 kg,产值增加59.34元,均价提高3.02元／kg;上等烟率、桔黄烟率分别提高13.60％、9.60％。（2）散叶烘烤较挂杆烘烤产值增加3628.61元／炕,但降低能耗的效果不显著。 相似文献
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不同植烟土壤改良模式对烤烟产质量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《作物研究》2015,(6)
为探索湘西州烟区植烟土壤改良方法,研究了玉米秸秆、绿肥、玉米秸秆与绿肥结合还田对烤烟产质量的影响。结果表明:玉米秸秆、绿肥、玉米秸秆与绿肥结合还田均能提高烟叶上等烟比例、产量和产值,提高烟叶开片率、平衡含水率和钾含量,以玉米秸秆与绿肥结合模式的土壤改良效果最好。 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献