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1.
为更有效地防治内蒙古自治区四子王旗地区家畜微量元素代谢病,合理使用微量元素添加剂,采用实地采样和实验室分析相结合的方法,对该地区短花针茅（Stipa breviflora）荒漠草地土壤-牧草-家畜生态系统中微量元素的水平进行检测。结果显示,土壤中铜和硒处于缺乏状态。牧草中铁和锰元素处于过量状态,硒为缺乏状态。与健康绵羊的各项指标相比较,血浆中铁和锰分别于夏秋季节和全年高于正常水平,硒和铜元素分别于秋季和冬季低于正常水平;肝脏中铁和锰全年高于正常水平,铜冬季低于临界值,硒元素秋冬季节低于正常水平;被毛中铁全年高于正常水平,而铜和硒全年低于正常水平。结合放牧绵羊对各种矿物质的进食量和消化率进行综合分析表明,该地区为高铁、高锰、低硒的生态环境,同时铜和锌处于季节性缺乏状态。  相似文献   

2.
The effects of intravenously administered thiomolybdate on the liver and kidney of copper loaded sheep were studied using 16 ewes in three groups. Copper, iron and molybdenum concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry and the distribution of copper in the liver and kidney was studied histochemically. Following thiomolybdate administration, the concentration of copper in the liver was reduced, that of molybdenum increased and the concentration of copper and molybdenum in the kidney increased. The reduction of copper concentration in the liver was associated with reductions in the number and size of granules in hepatocytes which stained positively for copper and in the number of Kupffer cells containing positively staining granules. The decrease in the amount of copper in hepatocytes appeared to be greater than that in Kupffer cells. This effect was greatest in the centrilobular zones and least in the periportal zones. The increased concentration of copper and molybdenum in kidney was associated with an increase in the number and size of granules staining positively for copper in the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules which suggested an uptake of copper-molybdenum complexes by the lysosomes of these cells.  相似文献   

3.
The concentration of ascorbic acid in the cerebrum and in the brain stem of bovine fetuses decreased with increasing body weight; in the cerebellum there was no change. The decrease of the concentration in the lungs, in the heart, in the kidneys, in the M. longissimus and in the M. semimembranosus in the course of the fetal growth was different. In the liver and in the adrenals the concentration in the 3 groups of fetuses with a body weight of 4.18 +/- 2.01, of 9.72 +/- 0.97 and of 17.12 +/- 2.61 kg was similar. The highest concentrations were found in the adrenals, in the testes and in the cerebrum. The functional significance of the changes in the concentration in the tissues of the bovine fetuses is discussed and compared with the results in human fetuses and in adult cattle.  相似文献   

4.
对广东郁南7个代表性沙糖桔果园土壤和结果树植株叶片营养状况进行了分析。结果显示,坡地果园的酸度比水田果园的大。土壤质地以粘土和粘壤土为主,其中砂页岩坡地果园土壤质均为粘土,而花岗岩坡地为粉砂质粘土,水田改种的多为壤土。土壤有机质含量总体处于中等偏低水平。全氮主要在中等至偏低水平之间;坡地果园的有效磷偏低,水田果园有效磷处于低量至适量水平;缺磷和缺钾的主要是坡地果园,而高磷和高钾的主要是水田果园。土壤交换性钙、镁和有效硼普遍缺乏;铜、锌个别缺乏;铁、锰、硫含量均较高。沙糖桔结果树周年营养状况随着生育期的不同而发生动态变化,土壤磷钾高的果园其叶片磷钾水平并不是全都相应提高。叶片N、P、K、Cu平均含量在开花期最高,N、K、Cu均处于柑桔类的适量范围,而P则高于适量范围;叶片N、P平均含量在幼果期最低。叶片Ca平均含量在果实成熟期最高,郁南沙糖桔叶片Mg低于柑桔类适量水平的较多,说明缺镁的情况较多;叶片Fe、Mn含量从开花期最低至成熟期达到最高,地下水位较高的果园叶片锰含量全年每个生育期均较高,在后期甚至超过适宜水平的1倍多。  相似文献   

5.
This study aimed to quantify the factors associated with the prevalence of the radiological signs of osteochondrosis (OC) and osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) in South German Coldblood (SGC) horses. The prevalence of OC and OCD in fetlock and hock joints was analysed in 167 young coldblood horses with a mean age of 14 months. The presence of at least one osteochondrotic lesion (OC) in fetlock or hock joints was documented for 61.7% of the horses and 26.9% of the horses had osseus fragments. Osteochondrotic findings at the dorsal aspect of the sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone were seen in 53.9% of the horses and palmar/plantar osseous fragments in fetlock joints in 16.2% of the horses. Hock joint OC was found in 40.1% of the horses and hock OCD in 0.6%. Osteochondrotic findings in the distal part of the tibia were prevalent in 28.1% and in the lateral trochlea tali in 17.4% of the horses. The sex of the investigated horses significantly influenced the prevalence of OC in fetlock and hock joints, as well as the findings in the distal part of the tibia and lateral trochlea tali. Age at radiological examination was significant for the prevalence of OC in hock joints, palmar/plantar osseous fragments in fetlock joints and osteochondrotic findings in the distal part of the tibia. Female horses showed a 2-fold higher risk for OC in fetlock and hock joints than male horses. The distribution of the affected horses by age classes showed that radiographic signs of OC in fetlock and hock joints significantly increased at an age of about 1 year. We can conclude from our study that fetlock and hock OC is a prevalent radiographic finding in more than 1-year-old female and male SGC horses.  相似文献   

6.
The species of pets owned in the Netherlands are constantly changing, and it is important that veterinary practitioners have information about the number and species of pets presented in veterinary practice. Using the same methodology as in 1994, we determined the relative importance of the various pet species in 2005 and compared these data with those for 1994. The most notable findings were a 25% increase in the number of birds and exotic animals seen in small and large animal practices (from about 10% to about 12.5%), a doubling of the number of birds and tripling of the number of pigeons seen in mixed practices, a doubling of the number of reptiles seen in small animal practices, and a 10-fold increase in the number of fish seen in veterinary practices in general. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of cats (from 46% to 40.7%) and an increase in the proportion of dogs (from 44% to 46.7%). These trends in veterinary practice consultations did not parallel those seen in pet ownership. The increase in the number of birds (especially pigeons), reptiles, and fish seen in veterinary practice emphasizes the need to pay attention to these species in the standard companion animal curriculum.  相似文献   

7.
奶牛发情周期中毛 唾液和乳汁孕酮水平的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本实验采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定了11头奶牛一个发情周期里毛、唾液、乳汁中孕酮(P_4)含量。经产牛(n=8)的毛和唾液中P_4水平变化与乳汁中P_4水平变化一致。青年牛(n=3)的毛和睡液中的P_4水平变化一致,并分别与经产牛毛和唾液中P_4水平变化一致。7头配种后的经产牛和5头配种后的青年牛分别取20和23天的样品进行妊娠诊断,与配种后60天的直检结果相对照,依据经产牛毛、乳P_4水平进行妊娠诊断的阳性准确率分别是85.7％(6/7)和100％(7/7),依据青年牛毛P_4水平进行妊娠诊断的阳性准确率为100％(5/5)。  相似文献   

8.
The target of the investigations was to register part of the synthesis performance in the rumen of ewes during the complete reproduction cycle. With the help of in-vitro experiments with artificial rumen the concentration and production rates of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid were measured. From the experiments the measured data of fertility-accentuated crossbreeding (experiment 1) and crossbreeding (experiment 2) ewes were contrasted. The average concentrations of volatile fatty acids in ewes are 95.4 m mol/l in experiment 1 and 109.2 m mol/l in experiment 2 during the early stage gestation, 121.4 m mol/l in experiment 1 and 99.8 m mol/l in experiment 2 in the last stage stage of gestation, 129.6 m mol/l in experiment 1 and 112.8 m mol/l in experiment 2 during lactation and 106.6 m mol/l in experiment 1 and 112.9 m mol/l in experiment 2 during the dry period. The production rates of volatile fatty acids calculated form their concentration amount to 4.8 m mol/l X h in experiment 1 and 2.6 m mol/l X h in experiment 2 in the early stage of gestation, 3.5 m mol/l X h in experiment 1 and 3.1 m mol/l X h in experiment 2 in the last stage of gestation, 3.2 m mol/l X h in experiment 1 and 2.7 m mol/l X h in experiment 2 during lactation and 3.7 m mol/l X h in experiment 1 and 2.9 m mol/l X h in experiment 2 in the dry period. The correlation between the concentration and the production rate of volatile fatty acids is not significantly negative in either of the ewe experiments. The scattering of the individual values is wide so that the individual influence of the test animals as well as the influence of the in-vitro method used permit the conclusion that a significant statement on the influence of the genotype and the stage of reproduction on the production rates cannot be made.  相似文献   

9.
The presence, location and morphology of muscle spindles in the tongue of human fetuses and newborns was examined in frontal and sagittal serial sections of the organ or of the whole lower half of the mouth. While in the fetal material of 105, 155 and 170 mrn. C. R. L. there are only very few and small spindles in some extrinsic muscles of the tongue and in the Mm. mylohyoideus and geniohyoideus, the specimens of 260, 310 and 390mm. C. R. L. showed them in the intrinsic muscles as well as in the extrinsic ones, excludicg only the region of the tip of the tongue. In the latter group, the size of the whole spindles is bigger than in the small fetuses, and their number increases towards the root and the midline area of the tongue. In the newborns, there is the same situation in general, with an especially high number of spindles in the Mm. transversus linguae and genioglossus. The size of the intrafusal muscle fibers was of 6.33 ± 0.72µm. in the newborns, and of 4.93 ± 1.16 pm. in the fetal material; the sheat (capsule) is thinner and the periaxi.11 space is smaller in the minor specimens. As it was possible to find spindles in the muscles of the floor of the mouth in a fetus of the 4th lunar month, there seems to be evidence of the earlier appearance of sum proprioceptors in this region than in other parts of the body, an observation which might implicate some functional significance.  相似文献   

10.
中国野生动物驯养与繁殖法律制度的缺陷与完善   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
陈春艳 《野生动物》2006,27(1):53-56
野生动物驯养繁殖在世界野生动物资源保护中具有重要作用，有关野生动物驯养繁殖的法律制度也成为各国野生动物资源保护立法的主要内容。本文针对目前中国野生动物驯养繁殖的立法现状与存在问题，提出完善中国野生动物驯养繁殖的国内法对策，以推进中国野生动物资源保护立法的发展。  相似文献   

11.
The content of heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn) has been determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in parts of genital organs of cows with and without reproductive disorders, in blood, in placenta, in colostrum, and in the calf blood. The samples were collected in an industrially polluted area and in a relatively non-polluted area. It has been proven in the group of 99 cows that the biological quality of the oestrous cervical mucus is also influenced by toxic elements. The best conception rate after the artificial insemination (80.0%) has been found in cows with the cervical mucus without spermiotoxic properties. The genital organs of 49 cows culled because of reproductive disorders were examined. No significant differences in the content of heavy metals have been found in the separate parts of genital organs. There were also no differences between the cows with and without reproductive disorders. Toxic elements in blood have been found in cows after parturition and in newborn calves both in the polluted and the non-polluted areas. However, significant differences (p less than 0.01) were determined only in the content of Cd and Zn. The average content of all determined toxic elements in the samples of placenta in pluriparous and primiparous cows from the polluted and non-polluted areas was approximately at the same level. The content of Zn was 4.3 times higher than the hygienic standard in the colostrum of cows from the polluted area. The content of Zn exceeded the hygienic standard also in the non-polluted area, and the content of Cd and Hg was close to the hygienic standard there.  相似文献   

12.
The occurrence of antibodies to C. burnetii and Chl. psittaci was studied in the herds of cattle transported from southern Moravia to the pastures of the Sumava Mountains. Q-fever persists in latent state in the cattle grazing in the Sumava Mts. and causes no manifest infections in man. The finding of the rickettsia in the small mammals and their ectoparasites documents the probability of contact with the causal agent in the excretions of cattle in the pastures. Veterinary and human medical services should be aware of a possibility of occurrence of Q-fever and chlamydiosis not only in southern Moravia but also in the Sumava Mts. and in other areas.  相似文献   

13.
The first cases of scrapie were detected in Greece in a flock of sheep in October 1986. All the animals of the affected flock and all sheep in two flocks that were in contact were killed and buried. A systematic investigation of all available cases with signs indicating a neurological disease started in sheep and goats in late 1986, as well as in cattle in 1989. The investigation was based on clinical examination, necropsy or macroscopical examination of the brain and viscera, and histological examination of the brain in all animals except those with coenurosis. Histological examinations of specimens from the spinal cord and other tissues, and if considered necessary bacteriological, toxicological and serological examinations were also carried out. In October 1997, scrapie was diagnosed in sheep of a second flock (a mixed flock of sheep and goats), grazing in a pasture close to the place where scrapie was initially detected. All animals of the second flock were also killed and buried. Diagnosis in the first flock was based on clinical signs and histological lesions, and in the second immunoblotting was also used. Distinctive lesions of scrapie were found in the brain and/or the spinal cord of eight sheep with clinical signs from the two flocks. The lesions were revealed in the brain stem and/or in the cervical spinal cord, and tended to be symmetrical. In one sheep, severe lesions in the cortex of cerebral hemispheres and of the cerebellum were also found. In the brain of two sheep from the second flock the pathological isoform of PrP protein was detected. Despite the eradication scheme applied, scrapie in sheep reappeared after 11 years in a place close to where it occurred initially. This may indicate that the effectiveness of the eradication scheme implemented was not adequate and additional approaches may be needed.  相似文献   

14.
The effect was studied of nitrates and nitrites in drinking water on the methemoglobin level in blood and pathomorphological changes in fourteen-day-old pheasant chickens. The concentrations of 500 ppm of NO3- and 15 ppm NO2- in the drinking water were not lethal, they caused only the increase in the methemoglobin in blood to 7.1% (NO3-) and 16.5% (NO2-). The pheasants exposed to NO3- suffered from hyperaemia of liver, kidneys and mucosa of the small intestine and from the multiplication of the eosinophilic granulocytes in the villus stroma. The exposition to NO2- resulted in the non-specific dystrophic changes in liver and kidneys and in the villus edema of the small intestine. Lethal levels of nitrates and nitrites in drinking water were estimated in relation to the age of pheasants.  相似文献   

15.
Seventeen gonad pairs of boars and ten gonad pairs of bulls were examined to evaluate the migration of protoplasmic droplets and the phagocytosis of defective spermatozoa. The material for a microscopic investigation of secretions was collected from two sites in the testis and from seven sites in the epididymis. The greatest motion of protoplasmic droplets was recorded in the caput epididymidis, although the migration of droplets from the proximal section of the connective part of the flagellum towards the distal parts could also be observed as far as in the cauda epididymidis in both animals. A proximally located droplet still occurred in the cauda epididymidis in 4.5% of the spermatozoa of boars and in 1.9% of those of bulls. Absent mitochondrial spirals or swollen connective parts were observed in the imprints of testicular tissue in almost 50% of the spermatozoa whereas in the secretion of efferent ducts they were observed only in 0.3% of bull spermatozoa and about 3% of boar spermatozoa. No such defects were recorded in the epididymis head and tail in either of the two species. The marked reduction in the number of defective spermatozoa without mitochondrial spirals in the secretion of efferent ducts and after passage through the caput epididymidis testifies to the phagocytic ability of the epithelium of this part of efferent ducts.  相似文献   

16.
研究不同周龄SPF级SD大鼠胰腺自发性病变的种类及其病变发生率,为药物安全性评价提供背景资料。收集3年安评试验中11、19、31周龄试验对照组大鼠胰腺制作病理切片,光学显微镜下观察SD大鼠胰腺病变的种类及组织形态学特点,并统计其病变发生率。结果显示,大鼠胰腺主要出现了以下病变:①单核细胞浸润:11周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为0.6%,其中雌性为0,雄性为1.25%;19周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为1.0%,其中雌性为1.0%,雄性为1.0%;31周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为1.0%,其中雌性为0,雄性为1.96%。②腺泡细胞空泡变性:11周龄大鼠未观察到该病变的发生;19周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为1.0%,其中雌性为0,雄性为2.0%;31周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为3%,其中雌性为2.1%,雄性为3.9%。③腺泡细胞萎缩、腺管增生:11周龄大鼠未观察到该病变的发生;19周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为0.5%,其中雌性为0,雄性为1.0%;31周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为3.0%,其中雌性为1.0%,雄性为4.9%。结果表明,SPF级大鼠胰腺可发生单核细胞浸润、腺泡细胞空泡变性、腺泡细胞萎缩及腺管增生等自发性病变,且病变发生率可随着年龄的增加而增加。  相似文献   

17.
本试验旨在测定我国四川、山东、河北省(包括京津冀地区)蛋鸡养殖场产蛋高峰期配合饲料中镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)含量,评估蛋鸡养殖大省3种重金属污染程度。采集四川、山东、河北省67个养殖场268份蛋鸡配合饲料,采用高分辨率连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱法(HRCS FAAS)测定其Cd、Cr、Pb含量。结果表明:1)四川省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量最大检出值所在城市分别为成都、乐山、乐山,最大检出值分别为0.48、15.94、14.12 mg/kg;Cr、Pb含量最高超标率所在城市分别为乐山、崇州,超标率分别为30%、50%。2)山东省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量最大检出值所在城市分别为青岛和日照、菏泽、日照,最大检出值分别为0.45、5.88、4.11 mg/kg。3)河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量最大检出值所在城市分别为张家口、张家口、保定,最大检出值分别为0.45、15.38、8.38 mg/kg;Cr、Pb含量最高超标率所在城市分别为张家口和保定,超标率均为20%。4)3省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb平均含量分别为,四川:0.24、5.01、3.67 mg/kg;山东:0.26、4.19、2.61 mg/kg;河北:0.25、5.66、3.25 mg/kg。参照我国《饲料卫生标准》,3省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd含量及山东省Cd、Cr、Pb含量均未超标;四川、河北省Cr、Pb含量超标率分别为9.38%、17.19%和6.73%、14.42%。5)河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cr、Pb平均含量显著高于山东省(P0.05);大规模养殖场配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb平均含量显著低于小规模养殖场(P0.05)。综上所述,山东省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量均未超标。四川、河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd含量未超标,但有超标风险,Cr、Pb含量均有不同程度超标,Pb含量超标最为严重,应引起重视。  相似文献   

18.
Twenty-four dogs with a parasitologically and serologically established diagnosis of leishmaniasis were studied to investigate the atrophy of the masticatory muscles which commonly occurs in this disease, and to compare the lesions in the masticatory muscles with those in the cranial tibial muscles. The 24 animals were divided into three groups of eight, group A dogs with no muscular atrophy, group B dogs with different degrees of atrophy in the masticatory and skeletal muscles, and group C dogs with similar degrees of atrophy in the masticatory and skeletal muscles. Increased activities of creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase were recorded in only some of the dogs in groups B and C, but there were no significant differences between the mean activities in the three groups. Electromyographic changes indicating myopathy and involving both the temporalis and cranial tibial muscles, were observed in two of the dogs in group A, seven of those in group B, and in all the dogs in group C. Muscle histopathology revealed a variable degree of muscle fibre necrosis and atrophy, mononuclear infiltrates and neutrophilic vasculitis in all the dogs except two in group A. Leishmanial amastigotes were found within macrophages and myofibres in 16 of the dogs, some in each group. IgG immune complexes were detected in muscle samples, and circulating antibodies against myofibres were detected in serum samples from all the 24 dogs.  相似文献   

19.
Galectin-3, a member of the β-galactoside-binding protein family, has been implicated in mammalian sperm maturation. We examined galectin-3 expression in the testis and epididymis of sexually mature and immature bulls. Western blot analysis showed varying levels of galectin-3 in the bull testis and epididymis, and galectin-3 immunoreactivity was higher in the mature testis and epididymis than in immature organs. Galectin-3 was primarily localized in interstitial cells of the immature bull testis and in the peritubular myoid and interstitial cells of the mature testis. In the immature epididymis head, galectin-3 was primarily in the principal and basal cells of the epithelium. In the mature epididymis head, moderate levels of galectin-3 were detected in the sperm, while low levels were found in the stereocilia, epithelium and connective tissue. In the immature epididymis body, moderate protein levels were detected in the principal cells, while lower levels were found in the basal cells. The mature epididymis body showed moderate levels of galectin-3 immunostaining in the stereocilia and epithelium, but low levels in the connective tissue. In the immature epididymis tail, only low levels of galectin-3 staining were found in the epithelium, whereas the mature epididymis tail showed high levels of galectin-3 in the principal cells, moderate levels in the basal cells and low levels in connective tissue. These findings suggest that galectin-3 expression plays a role in the maturation and activation of sperm in bulls.  相似文献   

20.
AIM: To characterise the prevalence and distribution of radiographic changes in the hocks and stifles of Thoroughbred yearling colts and fillies in New Zealand and compare them with other populations of young horses. METHODS: Repository radiographs taken in New Zealand for the 2003-2006 Thoroughbred national yearling sales were evaluated by two individual readers. The distribution of radiographic changes was classified as left side only, right side only, or bilateral. Lesions were categorised by type, location, and sex of the yearling. Complete sets of hock and stifle radiographs of 1,505 yearlings were evaluated. RESULTS: Osteophytes or enthesophytes were seen radiographically in the distal tarsal joints of 460/1,505 (31%) horses. Osteochondrosis was seen in the tibiotarsal joint of 66/1,505 (4%) horses, and in the femoropatellar joint of 40/1,505 (3%) horses. Radiographic lucency in the distal or axial aspect of the medial femoral condyle was seen in 247/1,505 (16%) horses, and lucencies consistent with subchondral cyst-like lesions were seen in 26/1,505 (2%) horses. No significant difference was seen in the proportion of colts and fillies with radiographic changes in the hock or stifle. The prevalence of osteochondrosis and subchondral cyst-like lesions in the stifles of the yearlings examined were similar to those reported in Thoroughbred yearling sale horses in the United States of America (USA). The prevalence of changes in the distal tarsal joints was similar to those reported in Standardbred and Thoroughbred yearlings from Scandinavia and the USA. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in the prevalence of osteochondrosis in the hock and stifle, lucencies in the distal medial femoral condyle, or radiographic changes in the distal tarsal joints between colts and fillies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Establishment of the normal prevalence and distribution of radiographic changes in the hocks and stifles of Thoroughbred yearlings in New Zealand will allow comparison with populations of young horses in other countries. Knowledge of the normal prevalence will assist veterinarians to identify abnormally high or low prevalences on individual farms, to further investigate the pathogenesis of the lesions.  相似文献   

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