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1.
S.E. Abdelgadir J.R. Jaeger J.E. Oldfield L.H. Appell F. Stormshak 《Domestic animal endocrinology》1994,11(4):349-354
Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of cycloheximide and colchicine on prostaglandin F2 (PGF2)-induced secretion and synthesis of oxytocin in bovine luteal tissue in vitro. Corpora lutea were collected from beef heifers on Day 8 of the estrous cycle. In Experiment 1, incorporation of [14C]-leucine into oxytocin synthesized and secreted by luteal slices after exposure to PGF2, cycloheximide and cycloheximide plus PGF2 was examined. In Experiment 2, synthesis and secretion of oxytocin were evaluated in luteal slices incubated with colchicine and PGF2 alone and in combination. Cycloheximide inhibited incorporation of labeled leucine into luteal proteins by more than 90% and no labeled oxytocin was detected in the media or tissue. Prostaglandin F2 induced significant secretion of oxytocin that was not inhibited by cycloheximide. Tissue levels of oxytocin after incubation with cycloheximide and/or PGF2 did not differ and were similar to those of the incubated control. Colchicine alone did not suppress oxytocin secretion and did not alter the ability of PGF2 to induce significant secretion of this nonapeptide. Tissue concentrations of oxytocin after incubation with colchicine and/or PGF2 did not differ. These studies indicate that secretion and replenishment of luteal oxytocin in vitro is not contingent upon de novo protein synthesis. Inability of colchicine to suppress oxytocin secretion and synthesis may have been due to the short duration of exposure of luteal tissue to the drug. 相似文献
2.
前列腺素F2α(prostaglandin F2α,PGF2α)是一种黄体溶解因子,广泛用于母猪的同期发情和分娩启动。近年来还陆续发现PGF2α的新功能,内源性PGF2α可作为哺乳动物的妊娠识别信号,与胎体和子宫内膜PGF2α受体(PGF2α receptor,FP)结合,启动下游信号通路,对早期胚胎发育、着床、妊娠维持发挥重要作用,缺乏或合成不足会导致妊娠中断或流产。鉴于PGF2α对母畜繁殖活动的促进作用,兽药中心研发了多种PGF2α药物,如氯前列醇钠、地诺前列腺素F2α等,被广泛用来启动分娩和促进发情。根据氯前列醇钠的旋光性,可分为D-型和L-型两种对映体,其中D-型结构是氯前列醇钠的主要活性成分。外源性PGF2α药物不仅可以诱导母猪同期发情与同步分娩、促进产后健康,提高断奶母猪发情率,还可以改善母猪泌乳力与初乳质量,提高仔猪活力等生产性状。作者综述了近几年国内外PGF2α的研究进展,包括PGF2α对周期黄体的双重作用,PGF2α对早期胚胎的发育、着床、分娩的影响,PGF2α对母猪泌乳力及仔猪活力等方面的重要作用等,同时也综述了几种PGF2α及其类似物对母畜繁殖性能等方面的影响,旨在为PGF2α及其类似物的合理运用提供依据。 相似文献
3.
Three experiments were performed to study effects of decreased concentrations of estradiol-17β (E2) on lifespan and function of ensuing ovine corpora lutea (CL). In experiment 1, 52 follicles were collected from 10 ewes and placed into individual culture with 0 or .01 μCi 3H-androstenedione (10 ng; 3H-A) and 0, 10−11, 10−9, 10−7, or 10−5 M of a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, CGS16949A (CGS). Concentrations of E2 secreted into the medium, and synthesis of estrogens as estimated by formation of 3H-water from 3H-A were decreased by 10−5 and 10−7 (P<.01), but not 10−9 or 10−11 M CGS. In experiment 2, luteolysis was induced in 24 ewes by injection of PGF2 on days 5 to 10 of the estrous cycle (0 hr). Ewes received 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 mg CGS per kg BW i.v. at −12, 0, 12 and 24 hr, and an ovulatory dose of hCG at 36 hr. Jugular (P<.001) and vena caval (P<.001) concentrations of E2 were decreased by CGS at all doses tested for 8 to 10 hr, but had returned to levels similar to control ewes by the time of the next injection. Concentrations of E2 around the time of the LH surge were similar in control and treated ewes. During the subsequent luteal phase, concentrations of progesterone (P4) were similar in control and treated ewes. Thus, transient decreases in E2 during the follicular phase were not deleterious to the subsequent luteal phase. In experiment 3, luteolysis was induced in 18 ewes by injection of PGF2 on days 6 or 7 (0 hr) of the estrous cycle. Ewes received 0 or 1 mg CGS per kg BW i.v. every 8 hr from 0 to 40 hr. Ovulation was induced with hCG at 36 hr. CGS reduced jugular (P<.001) and vena caval (P<.001) concentrations of E2, prevented an endogenous surge of LH (P<.05) and increased (P<.001) concentrations of FSH. All ewes had ovulated a marked follicle by 72 hr, but onset of the luteal phase, as assessed by concentrations of P4, was delayed (P<.01) in ewes receiving CGS. Delayed luteal phases were not solely attributable to the presence of new CL or to luteinization of follicular cysts. When data were aligned according to the day ewes were observed in estrus, profiles of P4 did not differ with treatment. Therefore, normal luteal function ensued following estrus whether or not ewes re-ovulated. In conclusion, decreased secretion of E2 by the preovulatory follicle was not involved in the ontogeny of CL of short lifespan or subnormal function. Instead, adequate production of E2 or precisely timed E2 secretion may be required during follicular development for subsequent functional luteinization. 相似文献
4.
《Domestic animal endocrinology》1998,15(1):65-75
The primary objective was to evaluate the role of non-ovarian oxytocin in the initiation of pulses of PGF2α, as measured by peripheral concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α (PGFM). A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of estradiol and progesterone treatments was administered to groups of five ewes after ovariectomy on Day 12. Progesterone (10 mg) was administered at 0700 and 1900 hr on Day 12, and then either progesterone or its vehicle was administered on Days 13 and 14. Silastic implants, either empty or containing estradiol, was administered at ovariectomy. Oxytocin and PGFM were measured in jugular blood samples withdrawn from an indwelling catheter at 5-min intervals for 8 hr on Day 15. Statistically significant pulses of oxytocin, presumably of posterior pituitary origin, were detected in all ewes. Approximately one-half of the oxytocin pulses preceded a pulse in PGFM concentrations by 10 min or less. These pulses tended (P = 0.09) to have a longer duration than those not linked to pulses of PGFM. The number of PGFM pulses that followed or did not follow an oxytocin pulse by 10 min or less was similar (P > 0.2). The amplitude and duration of oxytocin-linked PGFM pulses were greater (P = 0.05) than non-linked pulses. Although several explanations for the lower than anticipated temporal relationship between oxytocin and PGFM pulses are possible, the finding that oxytocin-related PGFM pulses are distinguishable from other pulses is consistent with the concept that oxytocin initiates robust pulses in PGF2α secretion. 相似文献
5.
Keator CS Schreiber DT Hoagland TA McCracken JA Milvae RA 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2008,34(4):411-418
Three separate in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the putative role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) during luteal regression in heifers. In Experiment 1, a single intraluteal injection of 500 μg BQ-610 [(N,N-hexamethylene) carbamoyl-Leu-d-Trp (CHO)-d-Trp], a highly specific endothelin A (ETA) receptor antagonist, did not diminish the decline in plasma progesterone following a single exogenous injection of 25 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2) administered at midcycle of the estrous cycle. In Experiment 2, six intrauterine infusions of 500 μg BQ-610 given every 12 h on days 16–18 delayed spontaneous luteolysis, as evidenced by an extended elevation (P = 0.054) of plasma progesterone concentration. In Experiment 3, heifers were administered six intrauterine infusions of BQ-610 or saline on days 16–19, and peripheral blood samples were collected from day 11 to 16 (before infusion), hourly on days 16–19 (during infusion), and on days 20–25 (after infusion). BQ-610 treated heifers had markedly higher (P < 0.0001) levels of plasma progesterone compared with saline controls, and this effect was most notable during the infusion period (treatment by period interaction; P ≤ 0.05). Heifers infused with BQ-610 also had higher progesterone levels on day 21 (treatment by time interaction; P ≤ 0.05). Mean plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 (PGFM), the primary metabolite of PGF2, were measured in the samples collected hourly and were not different (P ≥ 0.05) between treatments. These results indicate that the in vivo antagonism of the ETA receptor can delay functional luteolysis, and supports the theory that ET-1 regulates luteal function in ruminants. 相似文献
6.
旨在研究不同处理方法对巴美肉羊同期发情效果的影响。采用CIDR(孕酮阴道栓)+PMSG(孕马血清促性腺激素)+PGF2α(氯前列烯醇)和CIDR+PMSG2种不同处理方法对内蒙古巴彦淖尔市养殖场中本地绵羊(即巴美肉羊)进行同期发情处理,比较二者的发情率。结果表明,CIDR+PMSG+PGF2α处理组试验羊的发情率为74%,CIDR+PMSG处理组试验羊的发情率为94%。由该试验结果可以得出,采用CIDR+PMSG处理方法对巴美肉羊进行同期发情处理效果更佳。 相似文献
7.
Ferreira-Dias G Bravo PP Mateus L Redmer DA Medeiros JA 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2006,30(4):247-259
Corpus luteum growth and endocrine function are closely dependent on the formation of new capillaries. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (i) tissue growth and microvascular development in the equine cyclic luteal structures; (ii) in vitro angiogenic activity of luteal tissues in response to luteotrophic (LH, PGE2) and luteolytic (PGF2) hormones and (iii) to relate data to luteal endocrinological function. Our results show that microvascular density was increased in the early and mid luteal phase, followed by a fall in the late luteal phase and a further decrease in the corpus albicans. Hyperplasia of luteal tissue increased until the mid luteal phase and it was followed by tissue regression. Luteal explants were cultured with no hormone added, or with PGF2, LH, PGE2, LH + PGE2 or LH + PGF2. Media conditioned by equine luteal tissue from different stages of the luteal phase were able to stimulate mitogenesis of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC), suggesting the presence of angiogenic activity. No difference was observed among luteal structures on their mitogenic capacity, for any treatment used. Nevertheless, Late-CL conditioned-media with PGF2 showed a significant decrease in BAEC proliferation (p < 0.05) and LH + PGF2 a tendency to reduce mitogenesis. Thus, prostaglandin F2 may play a role on vascular regression of the CL during the late luteal phase in the mare. These data suggest that luteal angiogenesis and vascular regression in the mare are coordinated with the development of non-vascular tissue and might be regulated by many different factors. 相似文献
8.
Endotoxin induces delayed ovulation following endocrine aberration during the proestrous phase in Holstein heifers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The effect of endotoxin on follicular growth and on secretion of LH, estradiol-17β, progesterone and cortisol during the proestrous phase in cattle was investigated. Holstein heifers were treated with PGF2 at 11–13 d after ovulation to induce luteolysis. At 42 hr after PGF2 treatment, heifers were administered either lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli, O111:B4, 5 μg/kg, n = 6) or saline (control; n = 6) by i.v. bolus injection. Ovarian structures were monitored daily by transrectal ultrasonography, and blood samples were collected at various times for hormonal analysis. The duration from PGF2 treatment to ovulation was significantly longer in the LPS group (8.0 ± 1.3 d) than in the control group (4.2 ± 0.2 d). LPS significantly reduced the pulse frequency of LH for 6 hr after the administration, and increased the mean concentration and pulse amplitude of LH from 3 to 6 hr after the administration. The plasma concentrations of progesterone and cortisol were transiently increased after LPS administration. The plasma concentration of estradiol-17β was significantly decreased at 24 hr after LPS administration compared to that in the controls. Five of six LPS-treated heifers exhibited no preovulatory LH surge until 120 hr after PGF2 treatment and the remaining heifer exhibited the surge at 108 hr after PGF2 treatment, while the LH surge was observed at 54–78 hr after PGF2 treatment in control heifers. These results suggest that endotoxin disrupts progression of the proestrous phase of cattle, interrupting the preovulatory estradiol rise and thus delaying the LH surge and the subsequent ovulation. 相似文献
9.
试验旨在阐明前列腺素E2（prostaglandin E2,PGE2）和F2α（prostaglandin F2α,PGF2α）对体外培养的奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞中环氧合酶-1（cyclooxygenase-1,COX-1））与环氧合酶-2（cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2）表达的影响。培养奶牛子宫内膜上皮原代细胞和传代细胞,第4代细胞以1×106个/孔接种于6孔板,以10-7mol/L PGE2和PGF2α分别预处理细胞24 h,以100 ng/mL细菌脂多糖（lipopolysaccharides,LPS）刺激细胞4、8和12 h后分别提取RNA和总蛋白质,采用实时荧光定量PCR与Western blotting等技术检测COX-1与COX-2 mRNA和蛋白质的表达量。结果表明,与对照组相比,COX-1 mRNA表达量在PGE2单独作用4、8和12 h后显著上调（P<0.05）;COX-2 mRNA表达量在PGE2单独作用4和12 h后显著上调（P<0.05）,PGE2单独处理使COX-1、COX-2蛋白表达量均显著上调（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,LPS刺激8和12 h时COX-1 mRNA表达量显著下调（P<0.05）,LPS刺激后COX-1蛋白表达量无显著变化（P>0.05）;LPS刺激后4、8和12 h时COX-2 mRNA表达量显著上调（P<0.05）,LPS刺激后COX-2蛋白表达量显著上调（P<0.05）。与LPS单独处理组相比,LPS+PGE2处理组在8和12 h时COX-1和COX-2 mRNA表达量均显著上调（P<0.05）,同时COX-1和COX-2蛋白表达量也显著上调（P<0.05）。PGF2α在LPS未刺激和刺激后对COX-1和COX-2 mRNA的表达无显著影响（P>0.05）,仅在PGF2α单独处理8和12 h后COX-1 mRNA表达量上调（P<0.05）。两种激素联合处理与各自单独处理及LPS单独刺激相比,对COX-1和COX-2 mRNA表达具有一定的协同诱导作用。 相似文献
10.
R. Browning Jr. M.L. Leite-Browning A.W. Lewis R.D. Randel 《Domestic animal endocrinology》1996,13(6):511-517
The literature indicates that sire breed of calf influences beef calf performance. However, there is little information concerning sire breed of calf effects on reproduction in beef cows. In this experiment, Angus (A), Brahman (B), or Tuli (T) bulls were bred to 136 Brahman (B) cows to examine sire breed of calf influence on peripartum hormone profiles and the length of postpartum anestrus. Cows were bled from 7 d prepartum to 28 d postpartum to determine peripartum hormone concentrations. Cows carrying AB calves had greater (P < 0.05) prepartum estradiol-17β concentrations than did cows carrying BB and TB calves. Prepartum and postpartum progesterone concentrations did not differ between cows with AB, BB, and TB calves. Cows with TB calves had lower (P < 0.01) 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 (PGFM) concentrations than did cows with AB and BB calves during the early postpartum period. Adjusting for birth weight removed the sire breed of calf effect on postpartum PGFM concentrations, but not prepartum estradiol-17β. Postpartum anestrus was shorter (P < 0.05) for cows nursing BB calves (84 ± 6 d) than for cows nursing AB (101 ± 6 d) or TB calves (110 ± 7 d). Adjustment for estradiol or PGFM concentrations did not reduce sire breed of calf effects on the length of postpartum anestrus. Further work is needed to determine how calf genotype may modulate the postpartum reproductive function of the dam. 相似文献
11.
旨在研究前列腺素（prostaglandins,PGs）D2与F2α对绵羊黄体（corpus luteum,CL）组织形态、生殖激素及其关键基因与受体表达的影响,并解析其在黄体退化中的相互关系及机理,为保证母畜连续性繁育提供新的理论依据。将16只哈萨克绵羊随机分成4组,在发情周期的黄体期分别子宫肌内注射PGD2、PGF2α、PGD2+PGF2α及等量生理盐水（对照组）,采用HE染色结合物理拍照对比处理前后黄体组织形态变化,ELISA法检测外周血清中P4、E2、PGD2和PGF2α浓度变化;并利用qRT-PCR和Western blot检测关键合成酶基因HPGDS、PGFS及其受体DP1、CRTH2、FP的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,发现PGD2+PGF2α组中黄体退化效果最明显,随后依次是PGF2α组明显大于PGD2组。ELISA结果显示,随着处理后时间的推移,不同试验处理组中,P4浓度均呈显著下降趋势（P<0.05）,其中在PGD2+PGF2α组中该变化趋势最显著（P<0.05）;但E2、PGD2和PGF2α浓度均呈现不同差异性变化,其中,PGD2+PGF2α组中PGD2和PGF2α浓度呈显著下降（P<0.05）,PGF2α组中E2浓度呈显著升高（P<0.05）、PGD2浓度呈显著下降（P<0.05）,PGD2组中E2浓度呈显著下降趋势（P<0.05）、PGD2浓度呈显著升高趋势（P<0.05）。qRT-PCR和Western blot结果显示,与对照组相比,PGD2+PGF2α组中HPGDS mRNA和蛋白表达量显著下调（P<0.05）,PGFS、CRTH2及FP mRNA和蛋白表达量显著上调（P<0.05）;PGF2α组中HPGDS mRNA和蛋白表达量呈显著下调（P<0.05）,其它基因mRNA和蛋白表达量呈显著上调（P<0.05）;PGD2组中HPGDS、DP1、PGFS及FP mRNA和蛋白表达量呈显著上调（P<0.05）。同时,在不同受体基因表达量检测时,发现PGD2组中DP1受体表达量显著高于CRTH2受体（P<0.05）,而PGF2α组中CRTH2表达量则显著高于DP1（P<0.05）。综上,PGD2无论单独使用还是结合PGF2α使用,均能够促进CL的退化,尤其是二者结合时有明显的协同促溶效应,其作用机制可能与其体内激素水平、关键合成酶及受体类型的表达有关,这为全面认识哺乳动物CL退化的调控机制奠定了基础,也为进一步优化高效繁殖技术（尤其是PGs方案）提供了新的思路。 相似文献
12.
试验旨在探索α7烟碱乙酰胆碱受体（α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,α7nAChR）的高亲和力激动剂烟碱对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharides,LPS）诱导的兔子宫内膜上皮炎症的作用机制。分离发情后期兔的子宫内膜上皮细胞,用100 ng/mL LPS对细胞进行炎性刺激12 h。用CCK8法检测不同浓度烟碱（5、10和20 μg/mL）对细胞存活率的影响,筛选合适浓度的烟碱进行后续试验。将细胞分为对照组（CON）、LPS、LPS+烟碱、LPS+烟碱+甲基牛扁碱（MLA）（α7nAChR的特异性颉颃剂）组,通过ELISA法检测细胞培养上清液中白细胞介素-1β（interleukin 1β,IL-1β）、IL-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α）、前列腺素E2（prostaglandin E2,PGE2）和前列腺素F2α（PGF2α）的含量。试验成功分离兔子宫内膜上皮细胞,且传至第5代仍保持良好的生长状态。CCK8检测结果显示,20 μg/mL烟碱组细胞存活率显著降低（P<0.05）,10 μg/mL烟碱对细胞存活率无显著影响（P>0.05）,所以选择10 μg/mL烟碱进行后续试验。ELISA结果显示,与对照组相比,LPS组IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、PGE2和PGF2α的含量显著增加（P<0.05）;与LPS组相比,LPS+烟碱组显著降低IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、PGE2和PGF2α的含量（P<0.05）,LPS+烟碱+MLA组炎性因子和前列腺素的含量差异不显著（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,烟碱对LPS诱导的兔子宫内膜上皮细胞分泌IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、PGE2和PGF2α具有下调作用,推测烟碱通过α7nAChR介导炎性因子和前列腺素分泌下调而发挥抗炎作用,该结果可为研究α7nAChR作为子宫内膜炎治疗靶点的药物选择提供参考。 相似文献
13.
Twenty-nine prepubertal Holstein heifers were assigned by age to one of three age groups to determine if the prepubertal bovine uterus could respond to an oxytocin stimulus. Group 1 heifers were 6 to 7 months of age (AGE1; n = 11), group 2 heifers were 8 to 9 months of age (AGE2; n = 11) and group 3 heifers were 10 to 11 months of age (AGE3; n = 7). Blood samples were collected via an indwelling jugular catheter. Four samples were collected at 15-min intervals prior to oxytocin administration to determine basal 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) concentrations. Each heifer received 100 IU of oxytocin i.v., blood sampling continued at 5 min intervals for the next 30 min and for an additional 90 min at 15-min intervals. Heifers were considered responders to oxytocin if mean PGFM concentrations increased at least 1.5 times the SD of their basal PGFM concentration. Age of the heifer (P less than .0001) and responder status (P less than .05) affected plasma PGFM. Plasma PGFM was higher in AGE1 and AGE3 heifers than AGE2 (P less than .0001). The number of responders was greatest at AGE3 (P less than .03) with AGE1 and AGE2 being similar. Mean basal PGFM was lower (P less than .04) at AGE2 than AGE1 with AGE3 being intermediate. In addition, basal PGFM at AGE1 tended to be lower (P less than .08) in the responders than in the non-responders, while AGE2 basal PGFM did not differ between responders and non-responders (P greater than .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
14.
The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether differences among cows in the ability of oxytocin to stimulate uterine secretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) were related to the endogenous ovarian steroid environment. Sexually mature heifers were treated with oxytocin (.33 IU/kg BW) at three stages of the estrous cycle: early (d 3 to 5; n = 5), middle (d 10 to 11; n = 5) or late (d 16 to 17; n = 5). To assess uterine responsiveness to oxytocin, concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) were quantified in jugular venous plasma samples collected at 1/2-h intervals for 8 h postinjection. The ovarian steroid environment at the time of injection was estimated by measuring the concentrations of progesterone and estradiol in jugular venous plasma samples collected at 4-h intervals for 12 h immediately prior to injection. Concentrations of PGFM increased immediately following injection of oxytocin either early or late in the estrous cycle. The response was much less during the middle of the estrous cycle. The magnitudes of response, early and late in the estrous cycle, were similar and greater than that observed during the middle of the estrous cycle (P less than .05). There was a positive relationship (R2 greater than .8; P less than .05) between magnitude of the response to oxytocin and ratio of estradiol to progesterone both early and late in the estrous cycle. Thus, individual differences in uterine secretion of PGF2 alpha in response to oxytocin were related to stage of the cycle and to differences in the endogenous ovarian steroid environment within each stage of the estrous cycle. 相似文献
15.
Eight multiparous beef cows were used to examine the effects of intrauterine infusion of catecholestradiol (4-hydroxylated estradiol) on development and function of the first corpus luteum after parturition. Calves were weaned on day 1 (day 0 = parturition) to initiate formation of a corpus luteum (CL) by approximately day 10 or 11. Before CL formation, on days 5 to 9, cows received twice daily infusions of catecholestradiol (4 μg; n = 4) or vehicle (n = 4) into the uterine horn opposite the previous pregnancy. Plasma progesterone during the first estrous cycle was elevated longer (P<.001) and reached a higher (P<.001) concentration in cows treated with catecholestradiol. The decline in progesterone was associated with an increase in plasma 13,14-dihydro, 15-keto-prostaglandin F2 (PGFM) in all cows infused with catecholestradiol. In contrast, a rise in PGFM at the end of the first short cycle was detected in only one of four cows treated with vehicle. Furthermore, PGFM concentrations were linearly related (R2 = .870; P<.001) to concentrations of progesterone. Estradiol-17β concentrations were not different during the infusion period, but after formation of the first CL, estradiol remained elevated (P<.01) in cows that received vehicle. Results of this experiment suggest that exposure of postpartum beef cows to catecholestradiol extended luteal function in association with enhanced PGFM release. 相似文献
16.
Nielsen MO Nyborg S Jakobsen K Fleet IR Nørgaard J 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2004,27(4):345-362
Mammary arterious − venous differences (A − V) and excretion into milk of four prostanoids were related to changes in milk yield and milk vein blood velocity (MBV) in goats at different stages of pregnancy and lactation, and during somatotropin (ST) treatment in mid-lactation. Arterial concentrations and mammary A − V for the vasodilators prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 (measured as 6-keto-PGF1 and bicyclic PGE2, respectively) decreased from late pregnancy to lactation. A − V were negatively correlated to MBV (r = −0.32 to −0.34). Arterial concentrations of the vasoconstrictors PGF2 and TXA2 (measured as TXB2) changed similarly, but no A − V across the mammary gland were found. The vasodilator to vasoconstrictor ratio in plasma was around 1:1, and in skimmed milk around 0.29–0.49 due to significantly higher TXB2 levels in milk compared to plasma. Close linear correlations were established between milk yield and excretion of TXB2 into milk (r = 0.80, P < 0.001), and between MBV and PGE2 excretion into milk (r = 0.69, P < 0.001). ST treatment stimulated MBV and mammary prostanoid supply, and decreased prostanoid concentration in milk vein plasma. The high arterial levels of prostaglandins during pregnancy most likely reflected uterine synthesis. Our results support a role for PGI2 and PGE2 in local mammary blood flow regulation during lactation. Increased mammary uptake of these two prostanoids may be involved in the mammary blood flow response to ST. TXA2 may be synthesized by mammary epithelial as well as vascular cells, and TXA2 may be an important factor in regulation of mammary function. 相似文献
17.
Mann GE Lamming GE Scholey D Hunter M Pettibone DJ 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2003,25(3):255-262
We have investigated the effects of systemic administration of the oxytocin antagonist (OTA) L-368,899 on luteolytic PGF(2alpha) release in ewes. In the first study, carried out in four ovariectomized ewes primed with progesterone to induce responsiveness to oxytocin, 3-h i.v. infusions of 3, 10 and 30 microg/kg/min OTA, carried out on days 12, 14, 16 and 18 in a Latin Square design, resulted in a significant attenuation of the oxytocin induced increase in PGFM concentration at all doses (OTA 139+/-8.3% of pre-oxytocin baseline; control 206.8+/-18.7%; P<0.005). In a further study, continuous infusion of cyclic ewes (n=6) with 10 microg/kg/min OTA from day 13 to day 17 of the cycle resulted in a reduction in both the frequency (OTA 1.0+/-0.4/ewe; control 2.2+/-0.2/ewe; P<0.05) and amplitude (OTA 31.8+/-11.0 pg/ml; control 68.8+/-10.4 pg/ml; P<0.05) of endogenous PGFM episodes compared to control ewes (n=5) measured during daily 8-h sampling windows on days 14-17. This reduction in PGFM concentrations was accompanied by a modest extension in the day of luteolysis (progesterone <0.5 ng/ml) to day 17.5+/-0.4 in the OTA treated group compared with day 16.4+/-0.5 in the control group (P=0.07). The results demonstrate that treatment with OTA caused a significant reduction in episodes of increased PGFM concentration during the period of luteolysis and may provide an approach by which to reduce early pregnancy failure. 相似文献
18.
D. C. Stephenson M. V. Leslie B. G. Low G. R. Newton P. J. Hansen F. W. Bazer 《Domestic animal endocrinology》1989,6(4):349-362
An experiment was performed to evaluate the types and quantity of proteins secreted by intercaruncular endometrium at days 20, 60, 100 and 140 of gestation and caruncular endometrium from days 100 and 140 of gestation. Tissues were obtained from ewes made unilaterally pregnant. Based on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the major proteins present in uterine fluid at days 60–140 of gestation were the uterine milk proteins (UTM-proteins), a pair of structurally-related, progesterone-induced polypeptides with molecular weights of 55,000 and 57,000. These proteins were also present in uterine fluid at day 20, but the major protein at this time migrated coincident with albumin. Cultured explants of endometrium at all days of pregnancy produced UTM-proteins as their major radiolabelled product for both caruncular and intercaruncular endometrium. The amount of protein secretion in vitro was greater (P<.04) for intercaruncular endometrium than for caruncular endometrium but was not significantly affected by stage of gestation or local presence of the conceptus. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that UTM-proteins were present in glandular and luminal epithelium of intercaruncular endometrium and in both epithelial and stromal elements of caruncular endometrium. It was concluded that the UTM-proteins are produced earlier than previously described (i.e., day 20). In addition, caruncles contribute to the uterine secretory protein milieu through the secretion of proteins that are similar to that produced by the glandular intercaruncular epithelium. 相似文献
19.
酢浆草岩螨是为害红花酢浆草最为严重的害螨,哒螨灵作为一类广谱、触杀性杀螨剂可高效防治该害螨。为明确哒螨灵对酢浆草岩螨的亚致死效应,为酢浆草岩螨综合防控和哒螨灵的合理使用提供理论依据,采用叶片浸渍法测定哒螨灵对酢浆草岩螨的毒力,通过毒力回归方程得出哒螨灵对酢浆草岩螨的亚致死剂量LC10、LC20,采用建立生命表的方法评估哒螨灵亚致死剂量对酢浆草岩螨生长发育、繁殖力和生命表参数的影响。结果表明,经哒螨灵亚致死剂量LC10、LC20处理后,酢浆草岩螨生殖力显著下降(P<0.05),F0和F1代单雌产卵量分别下降了53.37%、55.46%与41.34%、45.24%;产卵期显著缩短(P<0.05),F0和F1代产卵期分别缩短了3.11、4.75 d与3.47、2.81 d;成螨寿命也显著缩短(P<0.05),F0和F1代成螨寿命分别缩短了1.45、2.04 d与3.24、4.00 d。此外,经哒螨灵LC10、LC20处理后,酢浆草岩螨F1代净增殖率(R0)、内禀增长率(rm)、周限增长率(λ)与对照相比均显著下降(R0由对照的28.54分别降低至16.91、15.48;rm由对照的0.1650分别降低至0.1276、0.1249;λ由对照的1.1794分别降低至1.1435、1.1330;P<0.05),平均世代历期(T)、种群加倍时间(Dt)均显著延长(T由对照的20.31 d分别延长至22.17、21.94 d;Dt由对照的4.20 d分别延长至5.43、5.55 d;P<0.05)。由此可见,哒螨灵亚致死剂量对酢浆草岩螨试验种群的增长有抑制作用。 相似文献
20.
Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of exogenous GnRH and LH on serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) in the ewe. Ewes in Exp. 1 and 2 were laparotomized on d 2 of an estrous cycle and ewes with corpora lutea (CL) in both ovaries were unilaterally ovariectomized. Ewes with CL in one ovary only were not ovariectomized. While they were anesthetized, ewes (n = 5) were injected with 25 micrograms GnRH (Exp. 1) or 50 ng GnRH (Exp. 2) into the artery supplying the ovary bearing the CL. Control ewes (n = 5 in each experiment) were injected similarly with saline. In Exp. 3, six ewes were injected i.v. (jugular) on d 2 with 100 micrograms oLH (t = 0) and 50 micrograms oLH at 15, 30 and 45 min; six control ewes were injected similarly with saline. Jugular blood was collected from all ewes at frequent intervals after treatment for LH analysis and on alternate days of the cycle through d 10 or 11 for P4 analysis. Treatment with 25 micrograms GnRH increased serum concentrations of LH at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min postinjection (P less than .001) and reduced serum concentrations of P4 on d 7 through 11 (treatment x day interaction; P less than .05). Injection with 50 ng GnRH caused a slight increase in serum concentrations of LH at 15 min but had no effect on serum concentrations of P4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献