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1.
A technique of mandibular condylectomy and menisectomy is described. Unilateral condylectomy and menisectomy were performed in two horses, and two horses were treated by bilateral condylectomy and unilateral meniscectomy. Minor temporary alterations in mastication occurred following unilateral condylectomy; more severe and longer lasting abnormalities of prehension and mastication occurred following bilateral condylectomy. Malocclusion occurred in all horses following surgery but was only clinically significant in one horse that developed occlusion of the lower incisor teeth 3 mm caudal to the upper incisor teeth following bilateral condylectomy. Maximal mouth opening was normal following unilateral condylectomy and increased following bilateral condylectomy, both immediately following surgery and after 16 weeks. Maximal lateral deviation of the mandible was increased immediately following unilateral and bilateral condylectomy; 16 weeks following surgery one joint had increased, and two had normal and three had decreased maximal lateral deviations. On radiographic, gross, and histological evaluation, the condylectomy sites underwent remodelling and bony proliferation to produce "pseudo" condyles. At necropsy, 16 weeks following surgery, five of the six operated temporomandibular joints contained fibrous tissue with single or multiple cavities lined by synoviocytes. The nonoperated temporomandibular joints were normal. Functional use of the mandible was good in three horses; the fourth horse developed significant malocclusion and had satisfactory function following bilateral condylectomy.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether plasma concentrations of benzodiazepines (BDZ) in dogs following intranasal (IN) administration of diazepam are comparable to concentrations following IV administration. ANIMALS: 6 (4 male, 2 female) healthy adult Greyhounds. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly assigned to 2 groups of 3 dogs in a crossover design. Diazepam (0.5 mg/kg of body weight) was administered intravenously to dogs in group 1 and intranasally to dogs in group 2. Blood was collected from the jugular vein of each dog into tubes containing lithium heparin before and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 480 minutes following diazepam administration. After a 4-day washout period, dogs in group 1 received diazepam intranasally, dogs in group 2 received diazepam intravenously, and blood was again collected. Plasma concentration of BDZ was determined by use of a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) peak plasma concentration of BDZ following IV administration (1,316 +/- 216 microg/L) was greater than that following IN administration (448 +/- 41 microg/L). Time to peak concentration was < or = 3 minutes following IV administration and 4.5 +/- 1.5 minutes following IN administration. Mean bioavailability of BDZ following IN administration was 80 +/- 9%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Diazepam is rapidly and efficiently absorbed following IN administration of the parenteral formulation. Plasma concentrations match or exceed the suggested therapeutic concentration (300 microg/L). Intranasal administration of diazepam may be useful for treatment of seizures in dogs by owners or when intravenous access is not readily available.  相似文献   

3.
A mucosal apposition technique for cholecystoduodenostomy was compared to the cutting suture technique. The mucosal apposition technique was easier to perform, less traumatic, and produced a significantly larger anastomotic opening than the cutting suture technique. Eleven of 12 dogs returned to normal activity within 5 days after the mucosal apposition technique. Six of 12 dogs required 10 to 21 days after the cutting suture technique before regaining normal activity. Healing was similar for both techniques. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were cultured from the gallbladders of both groups postoperatively.
Cholecystograms demonstrated rapid drainage of the biliary system following mucosal apposition. Drainage of the biliary system following the cutting suture technique was slower; gallbladders tended to be irregularly shaped and distended.
Gallbladders rapidly filled with contrast material during upper gastrointestinal barium studies following cholecystoduodenostomy by mucosal apposition. Gallbladders filled more slowly and less completely following the cutting suture technique: drainage of refluxed contrast material was delayed in some dogs.
Serum enzyme elevations (SGPT, SAP) and subclinical periportal inflammation and fibrosis were found following both techniques. Peripheral circulating eosinophil counts were significantly higher in dogs following the cutting suture technique.  相似文献   

4.
A nine-year-old male, neutered, pug was presented for investigation of progressive ambulatory paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia of three months' duration. Magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive of caudal thoracic syringohydromyelia with an adjacent intradural arachnoid cyst. The cyst was marsupialised following dorsal laminectomy. Neurological status had improved 10 weeks following surgery when repeat magnetic resonance imaging revealed reduced spinal cord compression both as a result of resolution of the cyst and reduction in size of the syringohydromyelia. At 17 months following surgery, the dog showed further improvements in neurological status, exhibiting mild pelvic limb ataxia and proprioceptive deficits. Improved cerebrospinal fluid flow following surgery may have played a role in the improvement in both conditions. The presence of syringohydromyelia in this context does not preclude a favourable clinical outcome following surgical management.  相似文献   

5.
Humoral and cell-mediated-immune responses to Brucella abortus were observed in non-pregnant heifers following infection alone; infection followed by vaccination; vaccination followed by infection; and vaccination alone. The humoral responses, as measured by the Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT), indirect haemolysis test (IHLT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tended to be immediate and transient following infection alone, infection following vaccination and vaccination alone. However, when vaccination was superimposed on infection, reactions were maintained for at least 2 years. The cell-mediated-immune (CMI) responses were assessed by the lymphocyte stimulation test. The responses occurred after the humoral responses had peaked and were present for periods of 6-22 weeks. However, the level of stimulation was greater following infection than following vaccination, and the response when vaccination was superimposed on infection was present for less than 6 months.  相似文献   

6.
The pharmacokinetics of propranolol were investigated in dogs following intravenous, single oral, and multiple oral doses. Mean half-life of the compound following single intravenous administration was 1.09 h, following single oral dose 1.58 h, and 2.14 h after chronic oral dosing. Half-life values previously reported in dogs for the levo and dextro isomers were 0.77 and 1.08h, respectively. The bioavailability of oral propranolol was low (2–17% available) following a single oral dose, but increased substantially after chronic oral dosing, suggesting saturation of the disposition processes for propranolol with multiple dosing regimens.  相似文献   

7.
The pharmacokinetics of theophylline were investigated in dogs following intravenous, single oral, and multiple oral doses of aminophylline. Mean half-life ( t 1/2) of theophylline following single intravenous administration was 5.7 h and the apparent specific volume of distribution ( V'd area) was 0.82 litre/kg. The bioavailability of theophylline was high (91%) following oral administration of aminophylline tablets and the absorption half-life ( t 1/2 ab) was 0.4 h.
Theophylline plasma concentrations observed following repeated oral administration of aminophylline tablets were somewhat greater than predicted. This suggests that theophylline plasma concentrations should be monitored and the dosage regimen individually adjusted in critically ill animals.  相似文献   

8.
The effects of intramuscularly administered medetomidine and butorphanol (MB), and medetomidine, butorphanol, atropine (MBA) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined in six dogs as measured by 99m-Tc-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) nuclear scintigraphy. Direct systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures and heart rate were measured at regular time intervals before, during, and after GFR calculations. The mean GFR measurement following MB was significantly greater (4.44 ml/min/kg) than following MBA (3.82 ml/min/kg) or saline treatment (3.41 ml/min/kg). There was no significant difference between the mean GFR measurements following MBA injection and following saline injection. Diastolic and mean arterial pressures following MBA injection were significantly higher than the values recorded after either MB or saline alone. Heart rate following MB administration was significantly lower than that recorded for dogs receiving MBA or saline alone. The results of this study indicate that the administration of medetomidine in combination with butorphanol significantly increases total GFR in healthy dogs, while the administration of the combination of medetomidine, butorphanol, and atropine does not.  相似文献   

9.
Prepubic tube cystostomy was performed in 10 dogs and one cat. Indications include urinary bypass following urethral trauma or surgery (six cases), following surgery for prostatic abscesses or cysts (four cases) and bladder atony secondary to urethral obstruction (one case). Tubes were left in situ for a minimum of seven days. All patients returned to normal micturition following tube removal. Urine leakage occurred for up to four days after tube removal by which time the stoma was granulating. Nosocomial infection was a consistent finding, but was controlled with antibiotic treatment following tube removal. Tube cystostomy was considered an effective means for diverting irritant urine from healing epithelium and thereby minimising the risk of urethral cicatrisation. It may also be indicated in the management of urinary retention as an alternative to repeated urethral catheterisation. This study indicates that tube cystostomy is readily performed, with few unexpected or serious complications.  相似文献   

10.
A three-year-old male neutered crossbred dog was referred for investigation of acute onset quadriparesis, which had occurred following an oropharyngeal stick injury. Myelography revealed a right-sided extradural lesion overlying the C5/6 intervertebral disc space. A dorsolateral hemilaminectomy was performed at this site and two fragments of wood were removed from the vertebral canal adjacent to the spinal cord. The dog was ambulatory with right-sided forelimb monoparesis within a week of surgery and improved further following discharge. Three months following surgery, the dog was exercising freely with only mild right forelimb lameness.  相似文献   

11.
Attempts to eliminate Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis were made in 2 naturally infested sow herds, by intramuscular (i.m.) injection of doramectin (Dectomax, Pfizer, New York, USA). A single injection strategy was used. In one of the herds, the environment was treated with an acaricide following dry cleaning of floors, walls and equipment. In the second herd, no environmental treatment was performed. Results were measured by skin lesion scoring, ear scrapings to show Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis, and calculating rubbing index throughout the observation period of 20 months following treatment. Skin lesion scores decreased and stayed low following treatment for the entire observation period. Live Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis mites were isolated prior to treatment from both herds, but not following treatment. Rubbing index decreased following treatment, but was occasionally at or above 0.4. The results of these studies indicate that elimination of Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis from 2 naturally infested herds was successful, using doramectin in a single injection strategy. Precautions must be taken to ensure adequate dosing of every pig, and to avoid reinfestation due to poor biosecurity.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To determine efficacy of intratesticular injection of glycerol as a means to sterilize dogs. ANIMALS: Six 2- to 4-year-old sexually intact male dogs. PROCEDURE: Testicular volume, serum testosterone concentration, and number of sperm in ejaculate were determined before and at weekly intervals for 12 weeks following intratesticular injection of a 70% glycerol solution (1 ml/testis). Testicular tissue specimens for histologic evaluation were obtained 4, 8, and 12 weeks following injection. RESULTS: Number of sperm in ejaculate following glycerol injection was not significantly different from number before injection. Compared with preinjection values, serum testosterone concentrations were significantly less 5, 9, and 10 weeks following injection, although libido and ejaculate characteristics were unchanged. Testicular swelling was evident 24 to 48 hours following injection, and testicular volume decreased starting on week 5 following treatment. Seminiferous tubules and evidence of normal spermatogenesis were detected in testicular biopsy specimens obtained from all dogs 12 weeks following injection. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intratesticular injection of a 70% glycerol solution did not result in azoospermia and sterility in dogs.  相似文献   

13.
A mature Thoroughbred gelding that was used as a high level jumper presented for evaluation of a nonweightbearing forelimb lameness following a fall. Radiographs revealed a complete, noncomminuted, minimally displaced sagittal fracture of the greater tubercle. Supporting limb laminitis was a major concern in the short term based on the severe lameness at presentation. Open reduction with internal fixation was chosen over stall rest in an attempt to more rapidly return the weightbearing function to the limb. The procedure was performed standing and 3 bone screws were placed standing in an attempt to avoid implant or catastrophic bone failure that can accompany recovery from general anaesthesia. The day following surgery the lameness was significantly improved as the horse was able to bear some weight on the heel. The gelding was discharged 5 days following surgery and was fully weightbearing at the walk. Six months following surgery the horse was free of lameness and resumed training. This report describes our experience and rationale in placing bone screws in a standing horse for treatment of a greater tubercle fracture.  相似文献   

14.
Studies of theophylline pharmacokinetics in humans have shown that a higher peak concentration and area under the curve (AUC), with a shorter time to peak (tp) occur after a morning dose than after an evening dose. The purpose of this study was to determine whether theophylline pharmacokinetics in the cat were also influenced by the administration time of day. Theophylline was administered to six cats in a three-way cross-over study as a single dose of intravenous aminophylline and oral sustained-release theophylline (Slo-bid Gyrocaps and Theo-Dur Tablets), between 08.00-09.00 h (Phase I) and 20.00-21.00 h (Phase II). Subjects were maintained on a 12-h light (08.00-20.00 h): 12-h dark cycle. Similar to the human studies, the tp was shorter following the morning dose. Conversely, however, the peak plasma theophylline concentrations achieved in these cats following intravenous aminophylline and oral Slo-bid were significantly higher following the evening dose. The AUC obtained for Theo-Dur was also significantly greater following the evening dose. No single pharmacokinetic parameter could account for the higher plasma concentrations achieved following the evening dose.  相似文献   

15.
The aim of this trial was to implement a method to obtain a tool for analyses of tramadol and the main metabolite, o-desmethyltramadol (M1), in goat's plasma, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of these substances following intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration in female goats. The pharmacokinetics of tramadol and M1 were examined following i.v. or p.o. tramadol administration to six female goats (2 mg/kg). Average retention time was 5.13 min for tramadol and 2.42 min for M1. The calculated parameters for half-life, volume of distribution and total body clearance were 0.94+/-0.34 h, 2.48+/-0.58 L/kg and 2.18+/-0.23 L/kg/h following 2 mg/kg tramadol HCl administered intravenously. The systemic availability was 36.9+/-9.1% and half-life 2.67+/-0.54 h following tramadol 2 mg/kg p.o. M1 had a half-life of 2.89+/-0.43 h following i.v. administration of tramadol. Following p.o., M1 was not detectable.  相似文献   

16.
An 18-month-old female neutered domestic short hair cat was examined because of marked polydipsia and stunted growth following head trauma when it was 8 weeks old. Diagnostic evaluation revealed hyposthenuric urine, low concentrations of thyroid hormone and undetectable thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations which did not rise following thyroid releasing hormone administration. Lateral radiographs of the left and right tibiae revealed incomplete mineralisation of the greater tubercle and open physis. An almost empty sella turcica and a greatly reduced pituitary were visible on magnetic resonance images of the brain. A presumptive diagnosis of secondary hypothyroidism and central diabetes insipidus following head trauma was made.  相似文献   

17.
SUMMARY An Australian strain of Newcastle disease virus, was evaluated for use as a vaccine following its administration by drinking water, aerosol and spray to chickens at 1 and 21 days of age. Haemagglutination inhbition antibody was produced and persisted for 11 weeks. Aerosol vaccination induced higher levels of haemagglutination inhibition antibody than the other methods of vaccination. No respiratory disease was observed following vaccination. Chickens vaccinated by aerosol and spray were fully protected when challenged at 5, 7 and 11 weeks of age with virulent Newcastle disease virus. Mortality of 10 to 30 per cent was observed in chickens vaccinated by drinking water and intranasally following challenge.  相似文献   

18.
The concentration of serum phenytoin was determined in normal dogs following the administration of phenytoin by either the intravenous or oral route. An intravenous dose of 11 and 33 mg/kg of body weight was given to six dogs and a further dose of 44 mg/kg was given to two dogs. Serial blood samples were taken following the three doses for determination of pharmacokinetic parameters. The mean half-life was 3.35, 3.84 and 4.57 h as the dose was increased. Signs of toxicity occurred immediately following the infusion of phenytoin (emesis, ataxia and seizures). In the first oral studies, serial blood samples were taken for 2 consecutive days following a dose of 11 and 88 mg/kg, t.i.d. The time—concentration profiles of phenytoin varied significantly from one day to the next in the same dog. In the second oral study, blood samples were taken at 3 and 7 h following a dose of 11, 22, 44, 66 and 88 mg/kg, t.i.d. There was a poor correlation between the size of the oral dose and the concentration of serum phenytoin. Due to the short half-life and poor absorption of phenytoin in dogs, it was concluded that the oral administration of phenytoin in dogs produces sub-therapeutic and erratic serum concentrations of phenytoin which makes its efficacy as an anti-convulsant questionable.  相似文献   

19.
Each of two dogs presented for multiple skin biopsies were sedated with intravenous medetomidine and lignocaine was injected subcutaneously to provide local anaesthesia for skin biopsy. One dog had a seizure during skin biopsy and again immediately following reversal of medetomidine with atipamezole. The other dog developed seizures 2 h following skin biopsy at which time the medetomidine was reversed with atipamezole. Both dogs were neurologically normal with no history of seizures prior to the procedure and remained neurologically normal for 14 weeks and 9 months, respectively, following the procedure. A drug interaction between the α2-adrenergic agonist medetomidine and lignocaine is suspected and highlights the potential for seizures following the subcutaneous administration of relatively large doses of lignocaine under medetomidine sedation.  相似文献   

20.
The response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) towards probiotics present in the feed was investigated by examining the proteome of serum as a measure of the acute phase response (APR). Proteomic analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D) concurrently with mass spectrometry was used to detect APR related proteins in rainbow trout serum following feeding with probiotics Aeromonas sobria GC2 and Bacillus sp. JB-1. Three candidate proteins increased following use of GC2, and were putatively identified as NADH dehydrogenase, dystrophin and mKIAA0350. Conversely, one of the proteins, which were induced following use of JB-1 was identified as transferrin.  相似文献   

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